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Human Computer Interface, 2008.
An overview of the field of human-computer interface technology and solutions.
3,591 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the field of human-computer interface (HCI) technology and solutions. HCI is viewed as an extremely critical component of software and device development as miniaturization and portability are seen as fundamentally changing the fashion in which humans and computers interact and in how humans access services across a spectrum of activities. Various aspects of HCI are discussed in detail such as its historical development and its reliance on I/O technology.
Outline:
User Interface Design Principles
Descriptive Models
Human Capabilities
Human-Centered Computing
From the Paper
" The complex, interdisciplinary nature of human-computer interface (HCI) design, as it seeks to prove a satisfactory user experience for differing classes of users within given constraints, makes designing useful and intuitive man-machine interaction (MMI) difficult. Creating effective HCIs is a considerable challenge given user expectations and capabilities relative to both the machine and the machine logic involved. HCI is, at its core, a design challenge and design, as a school of thought, has long influenced the character of the world in which the human condition is at play.
"After several thousand years of evolution in design concepts, design itself has moved from the external to the internal whereby the design of everyday utilitarian and functional devices is meant to mirror human thought processes: "...cognitive processes of fault management activities involving situation awareness, decision making, and implementation of actions in order to obtain requirements for human-machine system design"(Itoh & Inagaki, 2004, p.4). Clearly, the design of what humans regularly use to interact and manipulate the world around them has evolved into a representational model of the human thought process itself. This development is most apparent in the design and structure of computing systems and software where the degree of human and the conceptual machine (program) interaction is so integrated: "...mental models of a controlled process was heavily affected by human-interface design...the human interface must be carefully designed to externalize a mental model of the controlled process for better support of situation awareness..." (Itoh & Inagaki, 2004, p.23). This degree of interaction between human activity and machine design has so intrinsically changed the way humans interact with their environment that, indeed, many of the reasons humans used to have to go out of the home have been removed from the human condition: going to the library, going to the store or even the bank. This is a profound influence by design upon the human condition itself."
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Computer Interface Design, 2008.
This paper discusses the design of the computer interface, which is the gateway through which the user communicates with the computer.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the computer interface includes both the hardware and software that enables the user to ask for information, to input data, to give command, and to get the computer to perform processes as needed. The author points out that the design of the interface is achieved by considering the role of the hardware and software, the demands of the user, and the physical, cognitive, psychological and even emotional needs of the user. The paper emphasizes that the user wants the hardware and software to provide its service as easily and effectively as possible. The author underscores that the field of interface design has expanded along with the many computer systems people access, such as PDAs, cell phones, MP3 players, DVD recorders and cable boxes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Development of the Interface
Changes in Interface Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Of course, the cell phone has become more complex and often uses an interface with which the consumer is not familiar. This has become an issue as the telephone tries to offer more and more services and more and more processes that can be accomplished with the cell phone. A related issue is that the size of the cell phone has been much reduced, leaving many users with a keyboard they can barely access without making a mistake. The problem of small size also plagues PDAs and laptops and adds to the difficulty involved in interface design."
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Human-Computer Interfacing (HCI), 1996.
Significance, major concerns & techniques of designing HCI for effective information flow. Models, goals, language, cognition, user styles.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 104.95
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From the Paper
"Computer systems are tools for communication between human beings. The flow of information communicated through these systems increases rapidly in volume, complexity, and potential availability. But the great irony of the interface between systems and information seekers is that while users of computers are, themselves, infinitely more complicated systems than any computer, the vast majority of users are incapable of exploiting any system that cannot communicate with them in very basic ways. A good analogy for this communicative dilemma is an interaction between adult and child. The more sophisticated adult system has little trouble deciphering a message carried by the less sophisticated child. A message garbled by the child can usually be sorted out by means of interrogation. If the child does not, however, speak a language known to the adult, the relative..."
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Human Interface Design, 2007.
This paper explores user interface designs and their uses and limitations.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that human interface design is essentially concerned with the way in which the interface, or the interaction between the human and the computer, can be enhanced or made more usable and accessible. The paper explains how one of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. The paper notes the difficulties involved in the various attempts to integrate operating systems and the browser interface. The paper discusses the movement in the industry towards the creation of a human - computer interface which is more intuitive and which can use artificial intelligence to anticipate the user's needs and create a more seamless interface between human and machine.
From the Paper
"One of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. An insightful article in this regard is Human Interface Design Principles. This article emphasizes the importance of the use of metaphor in interface design. "Metaphors are the building blocks in the user's mental model of a task." (Human Interface Design Principles) The interface designer therefore makes use of concepts and metaphors "...that represent concrete, familiar ideas, and make the metaphors obvious, so that users can apply a set of expectations to the computer environment.""
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This management strategy and policy level paper is on the innovation of Dell Computer and Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer to establish a well defined position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well defined position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2005.
Examines the success of this company within the computer segment.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. Starting with only $1000 in capital, Michael Dell built a computer manufacturer which is one of the most successful, and which changed the way that computer manufacturers provide products to consumers. The paper shows that the company's success illustrates the effect that a strong and charismatic leader can have on an organization, and Dell Computers bears the unforgettable imprint of its founder. This research examines the factors which have made Dell successful, considers the state of the computer industry today, and offers recommendations for Dell's strategy in the future.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Background of Dell Computers
Analysis of Computer Industry
Threat of New Entrants
Rivalry Among Existing Firms
Threat of Substitute Products
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
STEP Analysis
Technological Factors
Economic Factors
Political Factors
Recommended Strategy for Dell Computer
References
From the Paper
"The threat of new entrants into the microcomputer market is relatively low. This is because of the high cost of marketing microcomputers when there is little or no brand identification already established, and because the market share for existing firms is being consolidated. The industry itself has changed considerably from when Gateway 2000 entered the market (the most recent entrant of significance), and the price pressures that exist in the market are likely to discourage companies which do not have a solid financial basis on which to base their entrance (Feibus, 1998, p. 69)."
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2002.
Examines the creation of this computer firm and its place in the world's computer industry.
2,503 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. The paper first traces the founding of Dell Computers by entrepreneur Michael Dell. It then analyzes the general computer industry, focusing on five factors: threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, threat of substitute products, bargaining powers of buyers and bargaining powers of suppliers. Finally, the paper performs a STEP (social, technological, economical and political factors) analysis of Dell Computers.
From the Paper
"The American economy is enjoying a period of stable growth that is characterized by stable interest rates and low inflation. Prices for personal computers have been dropping as manufacturers are eager to gain market share and are able to take advantage of declining cost schedules. In 1998, personal computers could be found in 43 percent of American homes; this represents a substantial increase from the 40 percent for the three years previous. It is estimated that 60 percent of American homes will have personal computers by 2002 as prices continue to decline. The decline in prices makes it possible for increased numbers of Americans to afford the machines; the attractiveness of the Web and other benefits fuels the demand for these lower-priced computers (Burrows, 1998, p. 28)."
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Human Computer Interaction (HCI), 1996.
Discussion of usability and pedagogical issues in computer user interface design.
3,120 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 19 sources, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper provides background information about software user interfaces, its design and development, and the interface design issues of usability and pedagogical impacts.
From the Paper
"In general, the user interface describes the "look and feel" of a computer, how the human communicates with the computer, and the interaction between the two. Jean-Louis Gassee, former president of Apple Products, describe the interface as the "cognitive locus of human-computer interaction" (Gassee, 1990). Norman likens the successful user interface to a doorknob -- people don?t think of the doorknob as the interface to the door, they subconsciously use it to go in and out of a door. He believes that the interface works best when it is so seamlessly integrated with the task to be performed that the user interface disappears from consciousness (Norman, 1990). A person?s task, in this analogy, is to walk through the door, and the doorknob is the interaction, the user interface, between that person and the door. Norman feels that the interface designer should be asking the question, "what tools should be provided for the task?", instead of the traditional "how should we design the interface?""
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Evaluation of The Computer: What Is Going To Be Next?, 2005.
An in-depth analysis of the dynamic progress of the computer and computer technology.
4,216 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history of computers and the development of computer technology. It studies the progress made over the past 70 years, and also discusses the projected direction which the computer is expected to take. This paper also reviews handheld, mobile computer devices, such as the PDA.
Executive Summary
Analysis
1942: The First Electronic Computer
1944, Another Computer
1946 - The First Practical Electronic Computer
1951 - UNIVAC Begins To Take Over The Business Industries Market
1981 - The Era of Personal Computers Begin
2000 - Turn of The Century - PDA
2005 - What Is Going To Be Next?
From the Paper
"The PCs produced by competitors were cheaper, but similar to IBM PCs. This led to the development of PCs all over the world, and due to the designing by IBM the products look extremely professional. Today, these products are the Windows operating system and Intel CPU computers. At the same time, it is important to note that within one year IBM had succeeded in selling 200,000 IBM PCs. This is a very large number when compared to 46 UNIVAC computers that were sold. In the same year, 1982, Compaq launched their PC and it was 100 percent compatible with IBM. They had to spend $1 million to develop the ROM BIOS that made it similar to IBM PCs, and which did not yet violate the copyright held by IBM. "
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Computer Crime, 2002.
A discussion of the actions that can contribute to the offense known as computer crime and what can be done.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues related to computer crime. Computer crime is defined as mean crimes that can?t exist without computers such as forgery and pornography. It looks at how it is a serious problem for business and industry, how commercial entities have to be continually vigilant the most current ways they can protect themselves from computer crime.
Outline
What is computer crime?
Real computer crimes. Can?t exist without a computer.
Altering websites
Disabling or impairing function of website
Unauthorized use
Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, etc.
Harassment/stalking
Forged email or bulletin board posts
Malicious attacks on a person?s character (libel)
Pseudo-computer crimes. Can be done with or without a computer.
Examples:
Child pornography
Forgery
How widespread is it?
Statistics
Examples of crimes:
Who commits these crimes?
?A disgruntled employee
?computer voyeurs?
Laws regarding computer crime
Federal
State
There is wide variation in state statutes on computer crime in the USA
Traditional criminal law in the USA places a great deal of emphasis on willful or intentional conduct
Inadequate enforcement
FBI?s role
International
Conclusion: need for continued vigilance
From the Paper
"Computer crime is a serious problem for United States businesses. The computer Security Institute does yearly surveys and has found that 90% of those who responded to their survey experienced security breaches within the last year, resulting in loss of in come in four out of five cases. A little over 50% of the respondents revealed how much money they had lost, and it came to nearly $455 million. Most of the businesses found their internet connection the most frequent attack site, but 33% reported attacks on their internal computer systems 91)."
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Human-Computer Interaction, 2005.
A discussion on the effects of human-computer interaction.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses human-computer interaction. It expands on the changing ways in which today's computer users interface with their machines. The paper describes the use of mental models. The author also describes how user expectations shape the actual experience.
From the Paper
"In Star Trek IV there is a comedic moment when the chief science officer addresses a twentieth century computer by saying "Computer" in order to gain access. When handed a keyboard he responds with a remark about how ..."
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Computer Viruses, 2008.
Looks at computer viruses, which are still one of the biggest problems computer users face.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that part of the reason that computer viruses are so prevalent is that many people are not adequately informed about what they are, how they work and what can be done to avoid them. The author points out that the sole purpose of computer viruses is to cause damage to the computer, much like the sole purpose of human viruses is to cause damage to the body. The paper also relates that some people claim that the government needs to combat computer viruses because they can halt the operations of businesses, which slow the economy, and potentially can wreak havoc on the government itself.
Outline:
Introduction
Attention Material
Orienting Material
Central Idea
Computer Viruses Users' Worst Enemy
Do Not Understand
What They Are
How They Work
How to Avoid
Body
What are Computer Viruses?
Maliciously Spread Software Programs
Emails and Infected Files and Disks
Corrupt Hardware, Erase Files, Destroy Computers
How Work?
Self-Reproduction and Mass Transference
"Love Bug"
What can be Done?
Anti-Virus Software
Government Intervention
Be Proactive
Conclusion
Devastating Consequences
Prevent
Clincher
From the Paper
"One of the most famous email viruses - also referred to as worms - is the "Love Bug" virus that began spreading in the first year of the new millennium. People would receive an email with the subject line reading "I Love You" and would open the attached 'love letter' that came with it. Much to their chagrin, the attachment was really a destructive virus that destroyed millions of dollars of computer equipment, not to mention crippling business and personal transactions across the globe."
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Apple Computer, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of Apple Computer based on the book "Apple Computer 2002" by Yugi Wang.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started a company called Apple to produce and sell the computer they had designed in their spare time. This paper examines how Apple's products have defined the personal computer industry for its entire history. Most current computer products can be traced directly back to Apple and those that cannot still bear the marks of Apple's influence. It looks at how the first successful PC was the Apple II, which brought computing in to homes and schools and how the Macintosh made graphical user interfaces affordable and accessible to users outside of research laboratories.
From the Paper
"For home users, Jobs positioned the iMac as a "digital hub", which would be the center for all a user's multimedia content. Apple introduced a digital music player, the iPod and a compatible music download service, the iTunes Music Store. A few months later, Apple released versions of both products that worked with Windows PCs; the iPod and iTunes quickly dominated their markets. While competing products have caught up in terms of features and price, Apple is holding on to its lead in this market."
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Computer Viruses, 2004.
An overview of different types of computer viruses and their effects on the computer.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the different types of computer viruses, discussing how infection occurs and how they can be eliminated. A brief history of computer viruses and some anti-viral techniques are also explained.
Outline
What is a Computer Virus?
Brief History of Computer Virus
Virus Types
How Infection Occurs
Preventing Infections
Conclusion and Recommendation
From the Paper
"Computer virus is defined as a parasitic computer program that infects another legitimate program, which is sometimes called the ?host.? This program is mainly designed to replicate and to avoid detection. Just like any other program, it must be executed first by loading it from the computer?s memory so that the computer follows the virus?s code. Some of the viruses are harmless and simply trick the computer users into believing that their computers have been infected. Unfortunately, most of the viruses are very malicious and can do big damage to the computer. It can dislocate or change data files, display an annoying message or picture, cause the operating system to malfunction or even erase the entire content of a hard disk."
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Computer Concepts, Inc., 2007.
This paper is a feasibility study for a computer store, called Computer Concepts, Inc., located in Toronto, Canada.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Computer Concept's launch is designed to capitalize on the computing industry's suitability to the professional and student demographic of the target market. The author points out that, by establishing a market presence in the student and educational market, Computer Concepts can use this broad based, but niche, market to move into other mainstream markets associated with lifestyle marketing strategies where the popularity of computing products will make it as prevalent as other lifestyle products. The paper relates that Computer Concepts will locate a facility with adequate storage space for the minimal inventories that it intends on stocking; thereby, it will not require an additional storage facility and all inventory and sales space will be located together.
Table of Contents:
Venture Concept
Market Assessment
Marketing Plan
Sponsorship
Open House
Direct Mail
Operations and Supply
Profitability and Cost Structure
Pro Forma P&L
From the Paper
"An open house is an opportunity to introduce a product or service in a low-key, low-pressure environment where consumers are more inclined to accept the positive attributes of a product or service and overlook the negative. Computer Concepts will utilize the open house method to introduce its computing products and services to the localized markets it is also trying to reach. Visitors will be encouraged to sit down and utilize Computer Concept computers as well as bring in computers for free diagnoses of issues."
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