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Housing Industry Research Paper, 2007.
This paper examines various economic aspects of the housing industry.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the housing industry from an economic perspective. Various factors that affect housing are considered, such as the impact of price elasticity on the housing market and supply and demand. The author also explores other issues such as wage inequality and inflation. The author concludes by citing the economy's overall influence on the housing industry.
Price Elasticity
Negative and Positive Externalizes
Wage Inequality
Monetary and Fiscal Policies
From the Paper
"There are several factors that can influence the housing industry economically. Supply and demand coupled with price elasticity can affect the housing industry. Negative and positive externalities, wage inequality, and the monetary and fiscal policies can all have substantial affect the industry of new homes. It must also be determined exactly how the economy affects the industry in both positive and negative ways."
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The New Housing Construction Industry, 2005.
This paper discusses the economics and characteristics of the new housing construction industry in the U.S..
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that construction companies, especially in condo development, who are realizing that the housing industry may be becoming over-heated, are starting construction only after the new property has been sold. The author points out that, whereas European and other older societies use class distinction to define position in society, the U.S.society uses square footage of their homes as their status symbol. The paper relates that ever increase housing costs means that (1) Americans are spending higher percentages of their salaries on housing than in the past, which can result in financial hurdles for the population in the future and (2) lower income groups have to travel further to afford homes or live locally in houses of questionable conditions.
From the Paper
"Supply, demand and prices for homes vary significantly based on the perceptions of the population. Currently, the interest in finding modern homes, which are more energy efficient, do not contain lead and asbestos as well as designed with better architectural features and modern amenities is also on the rise. Many older homes have limited capabilities of accommodating new appliances and the 'home office'. In addition, modern technology has also introduced more features and personal gadgets such as personal gyms and spas that can be afforded more easily."
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The Housing Construction Industry, 2008.
A report to establish the current and future market trends in the home building industry.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the housing market from the perspective of a housing industry competitor. The paper examines the macroeconomic indicators related to gross domestic product and personal incomes in analyzes the housing industry itself. The paper concludes with a recommendation for the company.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Personal Income
Housing Starts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Gross domestic product or GDP is most basic leading indicator of economic growth. GDP is the market value of all the goods and services of a market that are produced within that market over a given period of time (Economic, 2007). Over the past 4 quarters the GDP of the nation has shown steady growth. The first quarter of 2006 real GDP rose 4.8%, while for the second quarter it rose 2.9%, and another 2.0% during the third quarter of 2006 (Economic, 2007). While overall this trend exhibited a solid 3.2% growth on average, the trend that is beginning to develop is of a contracting economy. The fourth quarter of 2006, as released in the first quarter of 2007, was a meager 0.7% increase which fuels speculation that the economy is contracting (Economic, 2007)."
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The Effects of Low Interest Rates on Housing Markets, 2002.
A paper which discusses how lowered interest rates are affecting the housing industry in the United States.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that bank interest rates have been steadily decreasing since the September 11th attack on America and that the attack caused the business failures of major corporations, such as World Com and Enron. It discusses that one of the areas that are going stronger then ever is the real estate industry and many homeowners are taking the option to refinance their homes. The paper shows that banks and financial institutions are not in favor of this procedure as a homeowner who refinances his house may lower his monthly payments several hundred dollars - banks are making significantly less money on the lowered monthly payments through refinances. The purpose of the essay is to discuss how the lowered interest rates are affecting the housing industry.
From the Paper
"House sales are running a record high this year, according to Reaser, chief economist of Bank of America. The refinancing of mortgages is supporting a major portion of the economy that is surviving and thriving. At the present time, refinancing is showing no signs of slowing down; in fact it is steadily increasing. People are putting the extra money into home improvements and buying new cars, another low interest financing option."
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The American Housing Market, 2002.
An overview of the economic effects of the September 11 attacks on housing industry in America and what the future holds.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper will focus on the forecast for the housing industry in America. By understanding the situations of the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, we can see how this has affected the housing market, and what is being done to help booster the sales of housing. By learning about the present conditions in the economy, we can see how this is affected by the general scope of spending that is currently being made in United States economy. These factors will be discussed within this study on the future of housing markets.
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The Canadian Condominium Industry, 2007.
This paper explores the interrelationship of the Canadian condominium industry and the mortgage loan market.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the condominium market is one aspect of the speculative real estate market that has contributed greatly to the bubble-like behavior of the recent housing boom. The author points out that the condominium component of the housing industry is particularly important to the mortgage loan industry and typifies the significant symbiosis that exists between the housing and the mortgage finance industry. The paper stresses that condominium developers may have a cost advantage in a significantly depressed market because single-family unit developers are unable to account for land costs across a greater number of housing units as condominium developers are able to do. The paper includes graphs.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Economics of Supply and Demand
The Price Impact on Homes
The Mortgage Loan Industry
Effect on Housing Market
From the Paper
"Among the artificial forces that affect supply and demand, the first may be a private enterprise's mandate to lower the number of vacant, month-to-month temporary units by a fixed percentage point in order to control demographic development. This is not a market force but an operating decision to increase revenue on existing units on the part of a given company specializing in housing products; either single units or condominiums. To accomplish this objective a company needs to artificially manipulate equilibrium within the market."
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Housing Starts, 2005.
Explains the use of housing starts as an economic indicator of single and multi-family dwellings begun during a certain period.
1,512 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the use of housing starts and their significance for the home construction industry as well as other interests that might be affected by the housing industry such as investors and lending institutions. Furthermore, the paper explains that housing starts are a leading indicator of the economy as a whole, since they provide a direct indicator of issues of supply and demand.
From the Paper
"On a micro level individual businesses may view these statistics, both regionally and nationally to help them adjust their sales, financing and output of production. In many situations builders rely on presales to fianc? the production of homes yet, this is not always available, as the real estate market must always show a marginal surplus so individual home investors have a market to choose from. In the event that a building project is not pre-sold the finished project must be floated by the builder and his investors until the completed home sells. Basically, the builder and his or her investors are paying a mortgage payment for the cost the project incurred during the construction process. During this time the builder is paying an increased level of interest on the construction loan for the property. If the business is small enough or does not possess the needed capital to float all these construction loans the company may go bankrupt."
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Housing Bubble, 2008.
This paper focuses on the understanding of the housing market, discussing the price of housing and sudden changes in the prices - so as to explore the sustainability of the argument that there exists a housing bubble that is about to burst.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines how demand and supply analysis can be used to analyze the housing market, especially in wake of the fact that there is now increased speculation of a housing crash as prices begin to depreciate rapidly within the housing market. With these current changes on the market, the writer notes that it becomes somewhat useful to analyze whether the housing bubble is about to burst, or if other markets are affecting the activities within the housing spectrum. The writer argues that the housing bubble is not going to burst since there is no bubble - and changes in the housing prices are due to changes in market demand and supply conditions.
Outline:
Statement of Problem - Thesis Statement
Introduction
What Has Been Causing The Price of Housing to Appreciate and Depreciate So Rapidly? - An Economic Perspective
Housing Price Appreciation - A Bubble or Changes in Market Conditions?
A Brief Look at the US Housing Policy and Market
Conclusion
From the Paper
" With the demand and supply for housing analyzed, then the concept of the equilibrium within the housing market can be examined. It is clear that changes within the economy will affect the price of housing; each of the relevant changes will be analyzed below, so as to test the thesis statement presented. The changes in supply and demand are causing housing prices to increase, even though the change in quantity is unsure. During the historical period analyzed, factors that caused supply and demand to change based on figure 1 and figure 2 were associated with the appreciation of housing prices. Hence the appreciation was due more so to market conditions rather than a bubble due to speculation. A thorough examination of the processes that affect supply and demand is presented in the section below."
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Social Housing, 2004.
Compares social housing in the U.K. to the rest of Europe, using the Netherlands as an example.
4,613 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 174.95
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Abstract
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands have made commendable contributions to social housing over the past century. The successful collaboration of nonprofit builders has resulted in low-cost and efficient social housing in these countries. This paper shows that perhaps the most notable achievement is that housing at affordable prices is easily available to people who need it and, more importantly, at the time they need housing. Many other developed countries, including the Unites States, are struggling to provide acceptable levels of social housing and trying to copy the successful community housing models of European countries.
Paper Outline
Social Housing in Europe
Social Housing in Britain
Housing Associations in Britain
Social Housing in the Netherlands
Housing Associations in the Netherlands
Private Rented Housing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In many European cities, low-cost housing is taken for granted; for instance in Tillburg in the Netherlands with a population of 165,000, a single association owns as much as 51 percent of the housing. Rentals charges by this association is only half or maximum two-thirds of market rates. Even in London, one of the high cost cities in the world, housing project developers are required to have 25 to 35 percent of the newly built units in the affordable category. (Johnson, Building a Better City: Europe?s Affordable Housing Standard). A unique feature in these countries is the successful integration of ?affordable? housing with ?market-rate? housing in the same location, which means that people with high and low incomes live together and there is no social stigma attached to such practice."
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Housing Finance in a Shifting Market, 2006.
A comparison of the Canadian mortgage industry to that of the mortgage industry in the United States.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Canadian mortgage industry is one that closely mirrors its US counterpart, albeit on a smaller scale. The paper then explains how these industries also differ in that the risk to a Canadian in a stagnant or even shrinking economy faced by inflation issues is much greater than in the US because of the greater tax burden in the Canadian market. In contrast to Canada, the US mortgage industry and consumers have the benefit of an economy that exhibits greater diversification and a lower overall tax rate that allows its consumers to absorb a greater economic downturn.
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Housing Policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, 2008.
A look at the housing policy in Hong Kong between 1940 to 1960.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the housing policy in colonial Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, and notes that these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. The author argues that while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as an example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Challenges of the Hong Kong Setting
The Significance of Colonial Hong Kong's Housing Policy
Hong Kong Colonial Housing Policy: The Critical Juncture
1953: A Watershed in Housing Development
Implications of Hong Kong's Public Housing Policy
From the Paper
"The topic of housing policy in colonial Hong Kong has been the focus of considerable study by scholars from around the world. This is due, in large part, to the fact that Hong Kong represents an ideal social laboratory within which the complexities of housing policy implementation in a development context can be closely examined. Its narrow geographic area, well-understood variables, together with the existence of accurate and generally accurate state documentation, has allowed scholars to analyze in depth housing policy in the colony, and extrapolate learnings with respect to other contexts in Asia and the developing world. From this perspective, this essay will examine housing policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, as these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. As will be argued, while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts."
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Chicano Community Housing Crisis, 2007.
This paper discusses the Chicano housing crisis plaguing U.S. communities.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that as one begins to examine the issues facing Chicano communities, the importance of housing issues and a sense of community cannot be ignored. The writer points out that the problem of inadequate housing for low-income families is a wide-spread problem. Communities in Southern California are particularly susceptible due to the high Chicano population. The writer notes that the crisis is different depending on the community. However, the writer maintains that one thing is certain, a greater effort needs to be undertaken if this issues is to be solved for now and for the future. After reviewing different articles relating to the housing crisis, this paper addresses several facets of the housing issue in the U.S. Summaries of the articles discussed are included at the beginning of the paper.
Outline:
Part I: Article Summary
Article 1: Supporting the Latino Community
Article 2: Street Dreams Are made of These
Article 3: SHA Battles to Save County Affordable Housing Program
Article 4: Withering Heights
Article 5: Time to Remove the Rose Colored Glasses
Part II: Analysis of the Housing Issue
The Crisis of Affordable Housing
Federal Housing Programs and Policies
Local Government Affordable Housing Programs
From the Paper
"As one found in the articles, there are several key issues facing Chicano communities. The high number of homeless school children, only tells part of the story. The number of homeless in Chicano communities is on the rise. The costs of housing have risen disproportionate to the rises in income. This means that even those that could afford housing before now face eviction and potential homelessness. This creates a rise in the number of working poor. As we found in the articles, there is an insufficient number of housing units available to medium and low income families. This number is decreasing instead of increasing, despite new government programs to provide more."
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Housing For The Poor, 1987.
Discusses the effects of slum housing on residents, housing project failures, homeless, public policy, poverty cycle, crime & drugs, displacement, family disintegration and possible solutions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 139.95
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From the Paper
" This study will investigate housing for the poor. Specifically, the areas to be covered will include the effects of slum housing on the residents, poor health, stress, child-rearing problems, and the poverty cycle in general as it relates to housing for the poor. The study will also deal with possible solutions to these problems.
Martin Mayer, in The Builders, argues that the origins of slum housing in the United States are related to the failure of residents on a massive scale to keep houses attractive "for subsequent purchasers and the (failure) to maintain the apartment house for new tenants . . . " (Mayer 8). When these systems of maintenance fail, then, "usually because the income levels of the newcomers were insufficient to maintain the property, . . . we get the modern slum, an underpopulated wasteland rather than the(...)"
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Mexican-American Affordable Housing, 2007.
This paper discusses the current crisis of affordable housing in the US, with a focus on the Mexican-American community.
2,579 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the reasons for the current crisis in the US of affordable housing and discusses available federal and local assistance programs. The paper explores how these programs relate to the Chicano, Mexican-American population. The paper examines racial discrimination in the housing market and looks at differences in characteristics of renters and home owners. The paper highlights how the discrimination and bias within the housing market and the lack of affordable housing is a severe problem for the Chicano population and maintains that the United States must provide equal opportunities for affordable housing.
Outline:
Introduction
Crisis of Affordable Housing in U.S. Cities
Major Federal Housing Programs and Policies
Local Government Affordable Housing Programs
Impact of Racism on Housing Accessibility
Incentives for Owners to Provide Low Income Assistance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the United States, there is a current crisis of housing for many different ethnic groups. Racial discrimination, homelessness, mental illness, substance abuse, poverty, and a lack of affordable housing makes obtaining a place of residence difficult for millions of Americans. Additionally, discrimination in banking procedures, real estate agencies, and housing prices makes home ownership a near impossibility. While both federal and local assistance is available, such programs often are difficult to obtain, and can be difficult to qualify for."
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Home Building Industry, 2005.
An overview of the home building industry, including a SWOTT analysis and economic analysis.
3,750 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the home building industry, including a brief history of this industry, an industry overview, and a SWOTT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Trends) analysis of the industry. It also addresses the impact of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the unemployment rate, and the inflation rate as measured by the consumer price index (CPI). The paper details three economic indicators.
Home Building History
Home Building Overview
Strengths and Weaknesses
Unemployment Rate
Gross Domestic Product
Recommendations
Housing Starts
Personal Income
Recommendations
Interest Rates
Inflation
Interest Rates versus Inflation
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The home building industry has been around for many years. The design, shape, and style of homes have changed over time. The industry is quite different than it was many years ago. When people first began to build they did not layout and draw plans and specs for their home. The first homes were built with one or two rooms in the entire house. Today, they average home has over 6 rooms, When home building first started there was no set rules and regulations that builders had to follow, now we have organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration who helps set construction regulations for the home building industry. We also have NAHB (National Association Home Builders), which was started in 1942. The NAHB works with the state and local agencies to help establish government and legislature for home builders as well as establish affordable housing for everyone."
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Affordable Housing, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of affordable housing and the use of exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 187.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the lack of affordable housing in the United States is a severe and growing crisis with no solution in sight. The paper determines the legal bounds of the zoning power given to governments and municipalities and provides an explanation of the law behind exclusionary and inclusionary practices. The paper examines the legal issues raised by these zoning ordinances. The paper also discusses the state of the current law as it applies to affordable housing and concludes with a discussion regarding the social and economic impacts raised by exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
Outline:
Introduction
History of "Affordable Housing"
Background of Zoning Laws and Zoning Power
Exclusionary Housing
Inclusionary Housing
Legal Issues Raised by Zoning
Economic and Social Implications of Exclusionary and Inclusionary Housing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, the lack of affordable housing in the United States has emerged as a crisis effecting low-income residents, government agencies and municipalities, and real estate developers alike. The lack of available affordable housing has increased in the past few years, as a result of zoning ordinances and governmental zoning powers that are supported and upheld by the courts. While there are no immediate solutions to this problem, a number of legal scholars have examined the relevant cases and have written extensively on the subject."
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