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Homelessness in New York City, 2008.
A research study on the issue of homelessness in New York City.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of homelessness, in general, and in New York City in particular. The study was undertaken with the intention of illustrating some of the primary causes of homelessness in New York City, so that specific strategies to alliviate the problem itself and issues associated with it, such as crime, can be mitigated. A literature review of research into the subject is also included.
Outline:
Research Problem
Rationale for Study
Study benefits
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It is pandemic and epidemic in some societies. Some researchers have attributed the cause of homelessness to a series of factors that work to create homelessness from three dimensions: 1) structural or the broader societal problems that may contribute to homelessness such as high unemployment, inflation, or tight housing markets, 2) individual problems that might lead an individual to become homeless such as mental illness, substance abuse, or some type of disability, and 3) governmental policies that may contribute or actually facilitate homelessness through short-sighted un insensitive planning such as a failure to provide emergency relief funds or some other type of social safety net (Burt pars.2-3). Simply being knowledgeable of these causal factors greatly assists both the broader political apparatus as well as governments at the community level to effectively plan and mitigate homelessness to varying degrees. Therefore, this study attempts to assess the specific character of homelessness in a single market, New York City, in order to better define solutions to solve the problems that lead to homelessness specific to New York City."
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The Homeless Problem in New York City, 2004.
This paper discusses that New York City is a city with a staggering homeless population, a problem that has persisted throughout the city?s history.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that, in 2004, New York City set a record when the number of homeless New Yorkers residing in shelters reached the highest point in the city?s history. The author points out that 90 percent of homeless New Yorkers are black or Latino, even though only 53 percent of New York City?s total population is black or Latino; moreover, over 60 percent of homeless families previously lived in four of New York City?s poorest neighborhoods, and over half of the homeless mothers have a history of domestic violence. This paper concludes that it will take years of dedication and focus for New York City to ease the problem of homelessness by creating not only adequate permanent housing for the homeless, which actually will cost less than the present shelter and other emergency care programs, but also available services for those suffering from mental illness and substance abuse.
From the Paper
"According to the Coalition for the Homeless, in the month of August 2004, some 36,400 homeless men, women, and children were sleeping each night in the New York City shelter system, including 15,300 children, 12,700 adult family members, and 8,400 single adults, with many thousands more sleeping on city streets, park benches, and subway trains. New York City?s homeless shelter population has increased by 73 percent since 1998, from 21,000 to the current 36,400. The past six years has seen the number of homeless families sleeping in New York City shelters and welfare hotels increase by 99 percent, from 4,429 families in January 1998 to 8,726 families in August 2004. Moreover, the average stay for homeless families in the municipal shelter system has almost doubled over the past decade, from six months in 1992, to nearly twelve months today."
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The Homeless of New York, 2002.
An examination of the homeless people of New York City and what can be done to change this phenomenon.
1,324 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This research considers the situation of the homeless in New York City and the steps that have been taken and might be taken in the future to address the issue. It begins with an introduction of the problem, considers possible solutions, examines political ramifications and provides suggestions for the future in the concluding section.
From the Paper
"Although the American economy as a whole experienced strong growth during the 1990s and the stock market average broke the 10,000 mark, there continue to be large numbers of homeless people throughout the United States. The homeless problem is particularly acute in urban areas, whether due to the social services available, the opportunity for work, the opportunity for property crimes, or just that there is greater family support in rural areas to prevent homelessness. Certainly those who analyze the homeless situation (and politicians who use the homeless as a campaign issue) have different opinions about the causes and solutions for homelessness."
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A Solution to Homelessness, 2002.
Proposes an alternative program to the current solutions offered to the homeless in New York.
1,838 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a program which is designed for the needs of homeless families (both two-parent and single-parent) in New York City, where an estimated 23,000 people reside in a publicly funded or private sector shelter on any given night. The program proposed in the paper moves away from simply taking homeless people off the street and placing them temporarily in emergency shelters. The proposed program involves converting a select number of existing emergency shelters into adequate short-term and long-term transitional housing. These facilities would be designed to remain open for 24-hours a day and provide comprehensive support services that target families and assist them in moving into long-term or permanent housing.
From the Paper
"Included in case management activities will be linking families to any of the extant public assistance programs currently available in New York City. This includes Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Medicaid, nutrition programs both in and out of school, and programs which provide Section 8 housing subsidies to the homeless and the poor. The literature strongly supports the belief that linking the homeless family to affordable housing is an effective measure associated with a prevention of repeat spells of homelessness (Metraux & Culhane, 1999)."
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Homelessness in Toronto, 2007.
This paper examines homelessness in Toronto within the context of the different definitions for the term "community" and proposes ways to reduce homelessness in this city.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the homeless community can be seen as a community because they are people trapped in a common cycle from which they would like to escape, with common interests in finding shelter and adequate food, which often compels them to act in unison performing petty crime as a means of survival. The author points out that, if the burgeoning homeless problem in Toronto is not addressed, then the community of Toronto will start to see an increase in crime and movement out of the areas populated by homeless people thus creating impoverished pockets within the city. The paper recommends that funds, which have been earmarked for homeless shelters and other programs should be spent rather than be languishing somewhere because of bureaucratic red-tape. The author suggest that this money should be invested in re-training programs and the conversion of brown fields areas into affordable housing condominiums for the working poor.
From the Paper
"Toronto's homeless situation can also be looked at by looking at Marxist definitions of what a community is - or, more precisely, what it is not. For instance, those academics who subscribe to Marxist theory maintain that communities are manifestations of the class dialectic; in other words, communities are organized in such a way as to ensure the exploitation of some by others at the same time as they reveal the inequalities present in a capitalist society. While this assessment of the community can be dismissed as unduly cynical and extreme, there is little doubt that Toronto is a city of extremes."
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Homelessness Analyzed, 2004.
Analyzes four articles that discuss the issue of homelessness.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four articles that deal with homelessness in America. It looks at the topic of article, the methods of research, and the results of the assessments. The articles analyzed are: ?Health Status of Homeless and Marginally Housed Users of Mental Health Self-help Agencies,? by Carol Silverman (1998); ?Patterns, Predictors, and Situational Contexts of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Homeless Men and Women? by Donna P. Whitson (1998); ?Tracking Change in Psychological Distress Among Homeless Adults: An Examination of the Effect of Housing Status? by Yin-Ling Irene Wong (2002); and ?Mother-Child Separations Among Homeless and Housed Families Receiving Public Assistance in New York City? by Kirstin Cowal, et. al. (2002).
From the Paper
"The researchers focused on mother-child separation and evaluated maternal factors that might contribute, such as the presence of substance abuse, major depression, history of institutionalization in psychiatric hospital or jail, or involvement with a partner who abused the children in some way. This study had a large sample -- 543 women. 25% of participants reported that they had been separated from their children at least at some time. Homeless mothers were more likely to experience this than housed mothers at a significance of p < .05. This study looked in great detail at correlational relationships between separation of child and mother and various life stresses including mental illness, substance abuse, and removal of children by child welfare services."
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Homelessness, 2007.
An examination of the social issues surrounding homelessness in America.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies some of the major causes and conditions that make people vulnerable to homelessness and also looks at recent policies to address the homeless population in New York City. It explains that those who have the least benefits and resources are often the first to enter the homeless arena. It also portrays how homelessness is a major social problem in America and the author is of the opinion that we must learn to deal with it to create a better, more equal society for everyone.
From the Paper
"Most people think of urban centers, especially core downtown disadvantaged areas when they think of homelessness. However, not all homeless cases occur in urban areas. Rural homelessness is a phenomenon that has been tracked for decades, and exists for a number of reasons. Family-farm failure can be a cause of these rural homeless occurrences, but so can a lack of job opportunities in rural areas, more single families, and low-income people leaving urban areas hoping for jobs in small towns (Baumohl, 1996, p. 81). Thus, homelessness is not simply an urban issue, it can occur just about anywhere."
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Homelessness in the United States, 2008.
This paper examines and discusses the issue of homelessness in the U.S.
5,977 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 207.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that within the United States, homelessness is defined as the lack of a dwelling or structure in which to reside. People who are homeless are also often unemployed, and many of them are disabled and/or have problems and struggles with drugs and alcohol. This paper explores the issue of homeless in the United States and, in particular, in the state of Massachusetts. Various issues that surround homelessness or that relate to it are also addressed so that a complete picture of the issue, how important it is, and who it affects may be seen. The writer maintains that the issue of homelessness is not one that will go away without help from the government and concerned citizens alike. The writer concludes that with effort, however, the issue can be lessened so that fewer and fewer people must spend their days and nights on the streets or in shelters, with nothing to call their own.
Outline:
The Definition of Homelessness
Historical Background of Homelessness
The Causes of Homelessness
The Emotional Implications of Homelessness
Help for Homelessness
From the Paper
"There is a long list of concerns over homelessness. It is important to touch on the main concerns here. The first one is the fiscal burden created by the high homelessness rate. When people are unemployed, there is a tremendous waste of productive power. The potential national output is not realized in a country where many of the people who could work are not working. It also hurts others, since the homeless and their families often live off of the state and/or off of the handouts of other people. This takes valuable resources away from others, and away from the national output.
"Another concern is the loss of freedom that homelessness creates. Some of the homeless are also socially excluded from many activities because they do not have the money or the status to participate. People who lack employment are often ridiculed or seen as being lazy, and this helps push them farther away from the rest of society. It causes a loss of freedom not just for them but for their families as well."
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"The New York Trilogy", 2002.
Examines home and homelessness in "The New York Trilogy" by Paul Auster.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of home and homelessness in Paul Auster's "The New York Trilogy". Initially, home as non-entity and home as hell are explored in "City of Glass". Then, "the Locked Room" is examined as rumination on homelessness and flight.
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Global and Local Homelessness, 2004.
Describes global homelessness and how it is also tied to the issue of local homelessness.
2,857 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 38 sources, APA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by describing global/worldwide homelessness. It provides refugee data and statistics. The paper also covers issues, such as globalization, rent control and affordable housing, gentrification, and hidden homelessness. It also looks at what people are doing to help homelessness. The paper includes statistics and supporting information.
From the Paper
"We constantly see and hear about homelessness, even in our own communities. Homelessness is a growing problem throughout the world, but many of us do not understand how huge the issue is. Homelessness is defined as a condition of people who lack regular legal access to adequate housing (MSN Encarta). In 1999 there was up to 100 million homeless people in the world and in 2000 there was about 3.5 million homeless people in the United States (How Many People Experience Homelessness?, 2002). At least 600 million people live in shelters in developing world cities that are life threatening or health threatening (100 Million Homeless in World). About 50,000 people die everyday as a result of poor shelter, polluted water and inadequate sanitation. The things that cause homelessness throughout the world help bring it into our own communities."
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The Reality of Homelessness in Boston, 1999.
A discussion of history and policy issues of homelessness along with interviews of homeless individuals.
3,750 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
A review of public policy issues surrounding homelessness, including history, Internet research and interviews with homeless people in a shelter in Cambridge, MA. It also discusses the lessons that can be learned from the moderately successful Massachusetts programs of the early eighties, and the lack of public interest in this issue, especially elite public interest.
From the Paper
"Homelessness was first addressed in the early 1980?s in reaction to the visibly increased homeless population, but interest has steadily decreased since government action was initially taken over a decade ago. In reevaluating public policy options, it is important to examine the causes of the problem and delegate authority to those best suited to solving it. Lessons can be learned from the moderately successful Massachusetts programs of the early eighties, but in order for that pluralistic model to work, public interest must be created by an elite source."
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Homelessness, 2007.
A discussion on the causes of homelessness and possible solutions to alleviate the problem.
1,099 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, for the many countries around the globe, problems on population and poverty persist. The paper examines how problems of homelessness are increased when issues of overpopulation and scarcity exist. The paper further discusses how various non-government and government organizations were established to analyze the profundity of the situation, and at the same time to provide assistance to the homeless population. The paper concludes that the most obvious solution to the homeless problem is to increase the availability of affordable housing and the number of living wage jobs.
Outline:
Definition
Statistics Related to Homelessness
Reasons for Homelessness
Proposal to Enhance Homelessness
References
From the Paper
"Based on the report submitted by Cuomo, upon receiving assistance from authorized agencies, such as health care assistance, treatment from substance and drug abuse, education and job training and even services for mental health problems, a big part of those living in families (76%) and of those living alone (60%) tend to put a stop their homeless status and gradually move to an improved living situation. Another point to ponder is the fact that the cost of homeless assistance is considerably lower than the cost of putting homeless people in jail to get them off the streets. For example, the Supportive Housing Network estimates that in New York City in 1998 it cost $40,000 per year to jail someone, compared with just $12,500 to provide affordable housing and a variety of supportive services."
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Homelessness in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of homelessness as a social issue in Canada.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It contends that homelessness seems to be a social ill that, short of mandating public housing facilities for every citizen, cannot be completely eradicated. It also examines how the various research projects that have been tasked with studying this difficult social conundrum have typically approached the issue with strong academic objectives and usually combined with a sincere desire to affect positive change.
Outline
Overview
Homelessness
Dimensions of Homelessness
From the Paper
"Burt has pointed out the causality of homelessness by identifying its three primary causes: structural, individual and governmental (Burt). Yet, all of these various causes are nuanced and tend to manifest themselves either in unique fashions from one society to another or in a complexity of several of them together. As one homeless individual describes his homelessness, the direct impact that governmental policies, local or national, can have on homelessness, is readily apparent (Kerr par.23). Clearly the impact of urban revitalization can be a real stimulant to homelessness because by removing all the low-income housing in an area without supplying new low income housing elsewhere is guaranteeing an increase in the local homelessness rates. "
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Homelessness in France and the United States, 2002.
Examines and compares the issue and treatment of homelessness in France and America.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
Precise numbers of the homeless in the United States and France are impossible to collect. Firstly, because researchers define homelessness in different ways and also because the homeless are, by definition, a difficult group to identify due to their transitory way of life. This paper examines the issue of homelessness in the United States and France. It looks at the differences in terms of what types of shelters are provided for the homeless in these two nations. The paper looks at the difficulties faced by both those running the homeless shelters and those living in them.
From the Paper
"Nationwide in the United States, about three-quarters of help for the homeless comes from the private sector, principally from churches that run soup kitchens, operate shelters, and distribute free clothing. The main U.S. federal programs for the homeless are those established by the 1987 Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. The McKinney Act established a nationwide network of health clinics for the homeless. Among other things, the act also established adult education programs for the homeless, provided emergency homelessness prevention funds, and created a number of transitional housing programs. These programs have made the lives of many homeless people more tolerable, but they do not address the low-income housing crisis (Lazaroff, 1998, p. 3). Homeless shelters in France are also run by a combination of the public and private sectors."
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Homelessness, 2006.
A discussion of research on the pandemic of homelessness, its pervasiveness and causes.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
Homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It is pandemic and epidemic in some societies. Various researchers have attributed the cause of homelessness to a series of factors that work to create homelessness from three dimensions. This paper discusses the problem of homelessness, noting that it has reached pandemic and epidemic proportions in societies throughout the world. The paper also examines the conclusions research has drawn about the factors causing homelessness.
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Homelessness: A Strategic Solution, 2008.
This paper looks at the problem of homelessness in Canada and discusses the issue of government policy in this regard.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a strategic solution to the problem of homelessness in Canadian society. This strategic solution builds upon earlier positive and normative analyses of the issue of homelessness and, as such, is informed by these analyses in certain respects. The paper asserts that homelessness in Canada is primarily the result of economic factors in the housing marketplace. As such, a strategic solution to this problem would necessarily require a social-economic approach rather than an institutional/authoritarian one as has been traditionally the case. The paper relates that an ethical analysis of this problem has shown that, from the perspective of a Kantian rights model, there exists a clear and present necessity for the Canadian state to take action in this regard; action in which the rights of the homeless necessarily takes precedence over the cost of the solution. This ethical element is to be important to a strategic solution given that the most likely solution will require state intervention in the housing markets with a significant political cost to politicians. This being said, the paper argues the thesis that the scale of the homelessness problem necessitates a revision of government planning practices in the marketplace that would be so politically costly that only an assertion of the fundamental rights of the homeless to housing would be sufficient to raise political capital to deal with the problem.
From the Paper
"Given that Toronto politicians clearly possess the authority to deal with the problem of homeless through planning but have not, a strategic solution must address the reasons for this lack of action. Some critics have argued, with reference to Toronto, that there exists a widespread view among municipal officials that Toronto planning should not support the economically marginalized who represent a financial drain on the city's resources. Other studies have noted that while affordable housing may be a politically sensitive issue, the real priority of Canadian municipalities lies in increasing their economic competitiveness and growth, even when this may be at the expense of affordable housing for their poorer citizens.
"In this analysis, we can understand the significance of the Kantian ethical argument to this strategic solution, for clearly the major obstacle to dealing with homelessness is a lack of political will. Developers are, after all, major financial contributors to municipal officials. Also, there seems to be an ideological resistance among officials, as noted by Parnaby, to employ planning tools to help marginal populations."
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