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Holocaust and Jewish Thought, 2007.
This paper discusses the impact of the Holocaust upon post 1945 Jewish religious thought.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the influence made by the Holocaust upon contemporary Jewish thought. In particular, the paper looks at the works of Richard L. Rubenstein, Eliezer Berkovits and Emil Fackenheim and notes how these major scholars are forced to grapple with an issue that threatens to permanently undermine the faith of the Jewish people in the God of their ancestors. In addition, the paper also notes the general despair which often seems to characterize Jewish works in the post-Holocaust epoch. In the end, the writer maintains that the horrors of the Holocaust have forced many Jewish theologians to consider that they may be worshipping a God who is either not omnipotent - or not omni-benevolent.
From the Paper
"To start with, the holocaust was an event of catastrophic suffering for the Jewish people and this suffering forced - at least among some prominent intellectuals - a re-assessment of religion and, more especially, a re-assessment of God. Simply put, the horrors of the Holocaust challenged the traditional religious text from which the Jewish people had long read in a way that no other event could possibly have done. Specifically, traditional Judaism had frequently been at odds with modernity insofar as the proponents of historicism and positivism (to say nothing of the teachings of Hegel and Kant and even Marx) took issue with an historical narrative that emphasized the existence of a transcendent deity who not only created the world but who also designated the Jewish people as a "special people" with a special communion with God."
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Pre-Holocaust and Post-Holocaust Jewish Literature, 2004.
Looks at how the Holocaust has affected Jewish literature by comparing short stories about similar subjects.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the content and tone of two short stories, "If Not Higher" by I.L. Peretz and "?The Kozshenitser Rebe? by Binyamin Orenshtayn, in an effort to determine if the authors were affected by the Holocaust and the great wars that took place between the time the two stories were written. The paper concludes that the authors were indeed affected by these events, as was Jewish literature in general, and, by comparing the literature, we can see a shift from a religious and faith centered approach to life to a socially motivated and political approach to life.
From the Paper
"The Yiddish short story ?If Not Higher? by I.L. Peretz was published in Warsaw in 1900, decades before the holocaust. Fifty years later, the short supposedly true story of ?The Kozshenitser Rebe? was published in Yiddish by Orenshtayn in a book of memorials to Jewish leaders. Both stories tell of the behavior of a specific (assumably Hassidic) rebe on an important Jewish holiday. However, apart from this basic similarity, these two stories are radically different. This may be partly a function of having different authors and of coming from different historical areas. However, if the differences between style and content with these two works is indicative not of the personal styles of the authors, then one is left with another option: namely that the striking differences between these two works is a result of the holocaust and the slaughter of the Jewry of Eastern European. If these two works are representative of the short story genre before and after the holocaust, then it appears that this traumatic event may have drastically changed the way that Eastern European Jews view themselves and their culture."
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Holocaust and Jewish Identity, 2002.
A discussion of the way in which the Holocaust has transformed the concept of Jewish identity.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Holocaust has been a central event in shaping identity for survivors and their children, as well as in some ways the identities of other 20th century and 21st century Jews, creating for some at least a sense of identity that is almost ethnocentric. It compares the identity of those Jews living in the "Diaspora" with those living in the State of Israel.
From the Paper
"Much about Jewish identity has been changed forever as a result of the Holocaust. One of these fundamental changes has been the fact that Judaism has become a non-European religion; its three major centers (which together include more than three-fourths of world Jewry) are Israel, the Slavic region of the former Soviet Union, and the United States. (Although Jews constitute only a small fraction of the population of the United States, Judaism occupies a role far surpassing its numerical importance and is regarded with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism as one of the major American faiths.) To be Jew in the post-Holocaust world is thus to have to incorporate into one?s sense of identity the sense of being part of a people scattered irrevocably far from one?s homeland (Hartmen, 2000, p. 38). Thus, even for those who are secular in their beliefs and who have (for example) no idea of ever living anywhere but in California, there is the abiding sense of being part of a Diaspora, of being part of a people defined by the broken apart and sent in to exile."
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Jewish and Christian Writings on the Holocaust, 2006.
A comparison of Emil Fackenheim's book on the Holocaust, "God's Presence in History, Jews Affirmations and Philosophical Reflections" with that of Dietrich Bonhoeffer's book on the same topic, "Letters and Papers from Prison.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly compares and contrasts the perspectives on the Holocaust of Emil L. Fackenheim and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Fackenheim's essay, taken from his book "God's Presence in History, Jewish Affirmations and Philosophical Reflections", is written from the perspective of a Jew who lived through the experiences of the Holocaust. Bonhoeffer's "Letters and Papers from Prison" is written by a member of the Christian community with an indirect, intellectual connection to the Holocaust.
From the Paper
"The study of the Holocaust is in part the study of history's treatment of the Jewish community. Jews have traditionally been subject to isolationism, and there are a large number of persons active in theological studies who suggest that this isolationism has been extended at times to take the form of aggressive persecution. This latter perception of Judaism often draws upon noteworthy events to make their case that Jews have suffered as a result of their adherence to their faith; the Holocaust is one event that is effective in illustrating these themes as it is a comparatively recent occurrence and the depth of crimes committed against the Jewish community during this time are both serious and numerous. This paper shall compare and contrast the perspectives of Emil L. Fackenheim and Dietrich Bonhoeffer."
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Modern Jewish History, 2002.
Examines Jewish history with an emphasis on the Holocaust and the Haskalah, the Jewish enlightenment.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
In modern times, the transformation of both the religious and traditional aspects of Judaism from traditional beliefs and customs led directly to the formation of a Jewish homeland. This essay traces the causes and effects of both the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment and the Holocaust, the two most important events in contemporary Jewish history. Special attention is given to their contribution to the Zionist effort to establish the state of Israel.
From the Paper
"As the power of host states began to rise, Jewish autonomy decreased, and with it, the authority of the traditional Jewish leaders, the rabbis, also decreased. In their place, maskilim gained power, promoting the rational thinking inherent in the general European Enlightenment. The most famous maskil, Moses Mendelssohn, advocated reforms in
which the Jews would be able to socially and culturally integrate into their host societies (Finder Sept. 12, 2002). This was to be accomplished largely through reformed education in which secular subjects were added to the more traditional religious subjects (Sorkin 53). The learning of vernacular languages, adoption of local manners, and reformation of economic behavior were also goals of the Haskalah. The ultimate goal of the Haskalah was to achieve full citizenship for Jews by convincing the surrounding gentile, or non-Jewish, population of the equality of their Jewish neighbors (Sorkin 5). This process was unsystematic and often required changes to Jewish traditions."
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"Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America", 2002.
A review of Hasia R. Diner's book, "Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America", focusing on post-holocaust Jewish life in America.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates the role played by the Lower East Side in the development of Jewish culture in the United States. The paper presents the key element in Diner?s argument that the Lower East Side neighborhood represents every aspect of the Jewish experience in America. The paper discusses how the Lower East Side neighborhood emerged as the emblem of American Jewish history and became the vehicle through which American Jews presented themselves
From the Paper
"Diner used a wide variety sources and evidence to support her argument. ?Images of the Lower East Side circulated across New York and around America through words and pictures (157)?. She presents many types of literature for support. Books, poems, newspapers, and magazines, even if the geographic focus was not New York City, still referenced streets or sections of the Lower East Side. ?In representations of Jews in America, the Lower East Side served as the standard of Jewish measurement. A 1980s ?docudrama? about a young Jewish peddler who learned about America and about himself while on the road bore the title West of Hester Street, obviously a big swath of geography (33).? "
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Different Perspectives on the Holocaust, 2006.
Compares the experience of a Rabbi that lived in the Kovno Ghetto during the Holocaust to that of the secretary of the Jewish Council of Kovno,who lived there during the same period.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two different perspectives on the Holocaust, a secular and a religious one. Rabbi Ephraim Oshry and Avraham Tory's accounts of their experiences in the Kovno ghetto are compared on different levels. While Oshry describes more of the religious aspects of being Jewish and living in the Ghetto, Tory describes the day to day events as the secretary of the Jewish Council of the Kovno Ghetto.
From the Paper
"Rabbi Ephraim Oshry's account of the massacre of the Jews in the Kovno ghetto as told in his writing The Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry, can be compared to Avraham Tory's account of the Kovno ghetto from his diary Surviving the Holocaust on different levels. On one level we can see how their roles in the community of the Kovno ghetto affected their accounts of the atrocities committed in the ghetto. Rabbi Ephraim Oshry served as a spiritual leader and man of God who instilled faith in the Jews in Lithuania when all seemed hopeless, as Avraham Tory was a more secularized Jew who was a secretary for the Jewish Council of the Kovno ghetto who assisted Dr. Elkes in working to better the conditions of the Jews in the Kovno ghetto. As a result the emphases in their accounts are different. On another level we can compare the two accounts through the different style of writing of each eyewitness. Rabbi Ephraim Oshry compiled his book on Lithuanian Jews after the war, and throughout the book he tells us the way the people in the ghetto perished and survived, which gives us a broader view of the ghetto. Avraham Tory's account is that of his daily diary that he kept during the ghetto in which we have a detailed chronological description of the destruction of the Lithuanian Jews and learn the daily struggles of the people of the ghetto, and especially the responsibilities the Jewish Council faced. Despite these differences in the way the accounts are presented, each account is very detailed in describing when and what happened during each major "Action" or roundup of Jews and is completely consistent with each other."
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Slavery and the Holocaust., 2002.
Compares the enormity and suffering of the Jewish Holocaust under the Nazis to that of slavery in the United States.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The institution of slavery in the United States was a barbaric system. Without doubt, it was an institution that had its element of physical and psychological abuse and degradation. In many respects, however, it cannot be compared to the Jewish Holocaust under the Nazis. Indeed, the enormity of the Holocaust is so great that it is difficult to categorise it with other cases of mass killing or systems of oppression. This is in no way to minimise the barbarity of American slavery, but the Holocaust was, after all, the only case in history where there was the attempted destruction of an entire group of people.
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Analysis of the Holocaust, 2002.
This is a paper that covers the historical events of the Jewish Holocaust 1939-1945.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the historical events that culminated in the Holocaust. It traces the rise of Hitler to power, the Nuremberg Laws, Kristalnacht and finally the beginning and end stages of the Final Solution.
From the Paper
"The Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent examples of human injustice in history today. During the period of 1939 to 1945, German Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, waged a vicious war against those, mainly Jews, that they considered to be below themselves. (Barber, 314)"
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Yaffa Eliach's "Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust", 2004.
This paper examines three excerpts from the "Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust" by Yaffa Eliach to determine the impact of the Holocaust on the spiritual survival and modern consciousness of the Jewish people.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that addressing the events of the Holocaust from both an imaginative and realistic perspective allows for a better understanding of the experience from the people who were most affected: The six million Jews who were murdered, the survivors and the legacy of the Jewish heritage in the State of Israel. The author points out that the religious legacy of devotion to God and the sacrifices of the Jewish people, from a time-oriented, linear perspective, are described by Yaffa Eliach in the chapter, "Who Will Win This War?" in which she narrates the sufferings of Jewish prisoners doomed to Nazi labor battalions in Poland. The paper relates that the value of a religious education for the devout Jews at Bergen Belsen is reflected in the chapter, "What I Learned at My Father's Home," in which the author describes the sacrifices of one mother in an attempt to educate her children in Jewish law and tradition, even under these deprived circumstances.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Time Orientation of Narratives
Concepts and Treatment of Death
The Value of a Religious Education for the Devout Jews at Bergen Belsen
Primo Levi's Reaction to the Concept of Time during the Holocaust
The Survival of Primo Levi in Auschwitz
A Blessing on the Moon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When the group of Jews refused the commandant's alternative of breaking their observance of Yom Kippur by repeatedly sliding down the mountain on the stomachs, the scene was described as, "At midnight, as the rains abated, the performance was stopped. The men were given food and drink. They lit small campfires, trying to dry their clothes and warm their shivering bodies. Their faces shone with a strange glow as they sat around the small campfires at the foot of Bornemissza. It seemed as if the campfires reflected the glow of their shining faces and burning eyes" (p. 105). This observance of an ancient religious ceremony in the face of such brutality prompted one young Nazi officer to tell the group of exhausted Jews: "I don't know who will win this war, but one thing I am sure of -- people like you, a nation like yours, will never be defeated, never!" '
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Romanies: True Victims of the Holocaust, 2005.
The Romani involvement in the Holocaust is discussed along with their pre-war and post war treatment. Arguments are reviewed regarding their status as true victims of the Holocaust.
5,161 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 188.95
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Abstract
A thorough research paper that discusses the treatment of the Roma (Gypsies) during the Holocaust, and the controversy that surrounds the way they are remembered in the Holocaust. The paper details the Nazi logic leading to the Holocaust, the targets of the Holocaust and the arguments of the debate on whether or not Romanies should be considered true victims of the Holocaust.
Paper Outline:
Background
Leading up to the Holocaust
Nazi Logic
Targets of the Holocaust
The Holocaust
Treatment of Jews and Roma during the Holocaust
Post World War Two Treatment
Roma Minimization in the Holocaust
Holocaust Controversy
From the Paper
"Proponents of Roma exclusion as victims of the Holocaust point to the overall death rates as proof that the Roma were not targeted for total annihilation. Research by Brenda and James Lutz offers an explanation for the discrepancy in the number of deaths. They attribute the difference in death counts to location. Their research has found that in areas under direct Nazi control, Gypsies and Jews were eliminated in equal proportions. The difference in death counts are found in areas that were not under direct occupation by the Nazis. Fortunately for the Roma, the majority lived in such places were the government refused to cooperate in the Nazis plane to eliminate the Gypsies and Jews."
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The Impact of the Holocaust, 2006.
An essay on the lasting impact of the Holocaust on the survivors.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of how the Holocaust affected Jewish people as well as the many others who were also victimized by Hitler and the Nazis.
From the Paper
"The Third Reich's massive assault resulted in the death of 6 million Jews. Hitler, however, did not stop with just this community. Homosexuals, transvestites, gypsies, Slavs, and anyone else considered "deviant" bore the brunt of his wrath as well, as 11 million of them perished. Furthermore, over 1 million children under the age of 16 were killed. Still today, all of these communities are trying to heal from the pain either they themselves endured or those they love did."
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"American Holocaust", 2002.
A review of the book "American Holocaust American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" by historian David Stannard.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how David Stannard, in his book "American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" describes the European settlement in America as the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world, focusing on how the native Indian population were all but wiped out by white settlement. It evaluates how the author?s thesis is that the perpetrators of the American holocaust based their actions on the same Christian ideology as those of the Nazi holocaust. It looks at how Stannard uses a variety of historical evidence to argue his thesis including newspapers, Congressional records and the journal entries of European settlers. It also analyzes how the author makes a strong argument for his case and how he makes a distinct the bias against the white settlers, with their actions seeming to be emphasized more than is necessary and them being presented as racist.
From the Paper
"While the research is thorough, it does appear that Stannard is biased towards presenting the Indian population as better than the white people. In the first part of the book, Stannard describes the rich culture and the attitude of the native Indians. Stannard argues that they are a kind and generous people. This includes the argument that the Indian population were probably open to working with the white people, but were not given the opportunity. Stannard provides anecdotes to make this point. This includes stories such as one where a tribe low on food met another tribe without food. The first tribe shared their goods with the second tribe. By using such anecdotes, the author suggests that the Indians are the better people. This anecdote also compares the Indians with the white settlers. The Indians were able to accept another tribe as their own people, while the Americans were biased against those with differences. This is a common argument the author makes, often referring to the white settlers as racist."
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Judeo - Christian Dialogue After the Holocaust, 2002.
A discussion on Jewish-Christian relationships after the holocaust through a review of "After Auschwitz" by Richard Rubinstein and "Night" by Elie Wiesel.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This undergraduate level paper discusses the issue of whether or not it is possible to be a Judeo - Christian dialogue given the events that took place during the holocaust. Using selections from "After Auschwitz" by Richard Rubinstein, and "Night" by Elie Wiesel, the paper determines that though Christian complicity did not help the Jewish cause during the Nazi era, the events of the past cannot necessarily dictate the dialogues of the future.
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Holocaust Denial, 2002.
An argument against Holocaust denial.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 194.95
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Abstract
This thesis argues that Holocaust denial is simply the craving for another Holocaust. It is a craving that basically pursues its objective via different tactics. The author feels that by erasing memory and employing moral relativism, combined with the same anti-Semitic caricatures that led to the Holocaust, holocaust denial institutes a certain social and political mind-set which, in turn, can facilitate the possibility of yet another Holocaust. In order to understand what Holocaust denial is about, it is mandatory to understand what the Holocaust was and why it came about. This essay examines both the Holocaust and the phenomenon of subsequent efforts to deny its historical reality.
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Jewish Identity, 2007.
An overview of Jewish identity that shows how Jewish identity has changed over the years and identifies the forces responsible for this.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the general concept of identity and then examines Jewish identity in particular. The paper relates that Jews had always regarded themselves as God's "chosen people" while the negative Jewish identity of a "treacherous," "vile" and "wrong headed" people was created during the rise of Christianity. The paper looks at Jewish identity in the Middle Ages and notes the better treatment under Muslims than under the Christians. The paper discusses Jewish identity in modern times and identifies enlightenment, anti-Semitism and Zionism as the most influential forces on modern Jewish identity.
Outline:
The Concept of Identity
Jewish Identity: An Overview
From the Paper
"The question of Jewish identity, or the way in which Jews perceive themselves and how others view them, has not been easy to answer for most parts of Jewish history. This is mainly because Jews are not easily categorized. They are not a race as they do not share a common ancestry and people of different races have become Jews over the years. They are neither a nationality, having been dispersed throughout the world for over two thousand years. Even as a religion, Judaism is not a pure religious faith like Christianity or Islam, since it has an ethnic dimension and it does not easily assimilate outsiders."
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