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Hobbes and Locke, 2002.
A comparative analysis of Thomas Hobbes? and John Locke?s political theories.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the political beliefs of the two philosophers and theorists Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It looks at how Hobbes' political theory is illustrated in the Leviathan which discusses the matter, form and power of a commonwealth. Hobbes was a social contract theorist who believed that a commonwealth was "but an artificial man?. It shows how Locke was also a social contract theorist who believed that the purpose of government was to protect the lives of subjects.
Outline
Hobbes
Locke
The Most Fundamental Differences
Weaknesses and Strengths
From the Paper
"Though both of these philosophers are social contract theorist there are some small differences in their ideals. Hobbes believed that once subjects gave consent to be governed they must abide by the laws set forth by that sovereign. He believed that subjects should be certain that the sovereign is going to do everything in his power to preserve their lives before they transfer their rights and wills to him. Once the rights and wills of the subjects are tranfered the sovereign becomes the voice of the commonwealth and his authority must be respected--the sovereign was the supreme power."
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Hobbes and Locke, 2004.
This essay contrasts the ideologies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, concentrating on the constitutive value in their writings.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although both philosophers share similar views, Hobbes and Locke have very different observations regarding laws and rights. It gives the following examples: the natural law, the social contract, and most importantly, fundamental law. The author points out that Hobbes takes the absolutist viewpoint supporting an absolute sovereign, while Locke supports a more democratic approach against an absolute sovereign. The paper concludes that both Hobbes and Locke shared vital theories that assisted in the creation of the United States Constitution.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Constitutionalist
The Absolutist
In Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this, we get Locke?s next section in the Second Treatise, which is on the state of war, which occurs within the state of nature. Locke tells us that the state of war is a ?state of Enmity and Destruction? where ?a sedate settled design is put upon another Mans Life.? In this case, there is a conscious design to end someone?s life, which can be linked to rights within the state of nature. The state of war is entered when a threat of life is made where the design of war has been instituted. The state of war can also be achieved when the freedom of a person is tampered with, as Locke states, ?for no body can desire to have me in his absolute power.?"
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Hobbes, Locke and the State of Nature, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the views of John Hobbes and Thomas Locke
on the state of nature.
2,944 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that both Hobbes's "Leviathan" and Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" were written in England during times of political unrest and that both works take a broad and critical look at political systems and society. The paper further relates that both men believed that in order to properly understand politics in a society, man must first be studied in the state of nature, a time before structured society. The paper then explains that both Hobbes and Locke created their own hypothetical states of nature and theorized on what motivates the behavior of men in this state. In addition, the paper looks at how each philosopher defends opposing theories on men in a state of nature and concludes that, while these perspectives may be very different, the truth may lie somewhere in between.
Outline:
Introduction
Ideas of Thomas Hobbes
Ideas of John Locke
Analysis and Validity of Ideas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While both Hobbes and Locke make very convincing arguments on the state of nature, I believe the actual truth falls somewhere in between. Both thinkers seem to approach the subject with a preconceived notion of man, and then attempt to create a hypothetical state of nature in which this type of man would fit. To best understand man in a state of nature, we must first look towards wildlife in its own state of nature. Humans are, of course, the most complex of creatures, but there are still other animals that live in a state of individual self-preservation and in a community. Primates, in particular chimpanzees, are one of the smartest and most human-like animals of the world. Chimpanzees live in a community together and interact on a constant basis. "
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The Social Contract According to Hobbes and Locke, 2005.
An examination of the social contract theories developed by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the views of Hobbes and Locke in connection with their "social contract" theories. Specifically, this paper illustrates the core differences between their theories by examining how Hobbes and Locke understood the state of nature and men's natural tendencies, as well as the differences in the purpose and structure of their social contract.
From the Paper
"Thomas Hobbes and John Locke collectively maintained that prior to the emergence of the state, a state of nature existed in which there was no order or law, though they strongly differed in their views on the state of nature. A state of nature refers to conditions in which no traditional means for morality are present; for example, religion, universal altruisms, etc. To resolve the concerns associated with the state of nature, both Hobbes and Locke developed social contract theories to address why citizens should submit to a government and be bound by a social agreement."
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Hobbes and Locke, 2005.
An examination of the similarities between Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke each formulated notions regarding human liberty in nearly the same social, political, and provincial circumstances. This paper explains that although their most famous works were separated approximately forty years from one another, they were both wealthy members of seventeenth century English society during a period of particular social and religious turmoil. It also points out that both Hobbes and Locke sought to use reasoning to determine the most appropriate form of political and social organization.
From the Paper
"It should be anticipated, therefore, that their fundamental conceptions regarding freedom also possess many similarities; however-aside from their initial premises-Hobbes and Locke vary wildly in both their approaches to the topic of freedom and the consequences they believe these lines of reasoning hold for society. Locke has come to be thought of as one of the founders of modern political philosophy in the West, and rightly so. Hobbes, on the other hand, has continued to remain celebrated for his philosophical construction of metaphysical materialism. Their ideas concerning freedom reflect these two drastically different perspectives, and in fact, are products of them. "
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2006.
A comparison and contrast of Thomas Hobbes' and John Locke's understanding of human nature and the issue of security of life and property.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Thomas Hobbes and John Locke appear to be very much in agreement in their thoughts related to their understanding of human nature and the issue of security of life and property, and that both philosophers were aware that the desire for gain and for property was the main source of all social conflict. The paper goes on to explains that, in spite of these similar perspectives, Hobbes and Locke actually held very different views of human nature and property. This paper examines those differences.
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Hobbes vs. Locke, 2003.
A comparison of the theories of government as per Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
In developing their theory of government, both Hobbes and Locke start with a theoretical state of nature. As opposed to using concepts resulting from religion and divinity, this paper explains that both use nature as the basis to arrive at their respective conclusions. It compares the difference between the two theorists, as they lie in their ideas of the nature of man and how a man conducts himself in the state of nature. Although both talk of a social contract while developing their respective ideas of government, Hobbes favors monarchy. The writer first discusses the concepts within each thinker?s theory and then discusses the principal advantages and disadvantages of Locke's and Hobbes's social contract, stating which theory the writer believes to be the best.
From the Paper
"Hobbes is a product of the scientific revolution (a.k.a modern science), which was the point at which information (proof) was gathered to conclude facts rather than relying on the old book and religion. As a result, Hobbes attempts to answer questions as a scientist. There is debate on the methods he used, more specifically the atomic method. For example, ?people are the atoms of society.? In order to understand how people work, we must break the people down, put them back together to form the society, and then we will understand. Another example is the ?Ring of Gyges?. Gyges put the ring on his finger and he becomes invisible. If he turns one way he is invisible and turning the other way he becomes visible. The story ends by Gyges sneaking into the queen?s room, sleeping with her, and then he kills the king. The story exemplifies the ability to do anything that a person wants without ethical consequences. If a human being had the power to do anything they wanted without having to suffer from the possible consequences, they would use it to their advantage. According to Hobbes, humans seek to maximize. Psychological Egoism states that people always act to maximize their self-interest. Furthermore, we help other people because we believe it will help or strengthen our own self-interests. Altruism states that people are capable of compromising their own interest for the interest of other: risking your life for others. Egoist would run into a building on fire to save a person because they want to feel good about themselves or be recognized as a hero not necessarily for the welfare of that individual. Hobbes rejects Altruism all together."
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke: Perspectives on Governance, 2005.
Discusses the differences in Hobbes's and Locke's ideas for a framework of governance that would protect the rights of individuals and how these ideas influenced the creation of the Constitution of the United States.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the different theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke about how a government could best represent the people and ensure their individual rights. The paper notes that Locke believed that a system of checks and balances was essential to a democratic nation and the preservation of individual rights, while Hobbes, also interested in securing the rights of the individual, but having had different life experiences also believed that a strong hand was necessary within a governing body to prevent man from destroying himself. The paper then looks at how both ideologies were influential in the creation of the Constitution of the United States.
From the Paper
"Henry (1999) points out that Locke?s theory of natural law ?gives every man a title to so much out of another?s plenty, as will keep him from extreme want, where he has not means to subsist otherwise (p.1, cited from Locke 1967, 188). That said the right to subsistence according to Locke is a premise underlying Locke?s theories. Man has a right to live and to subsist; this right may be considered a natural right. Taking Locke?s position, one would side with an economic program that argues the case for workmanship as the ideal standard through which people?s rights should be measured. Lock supported productive labor more so than simple ownership (Henry, 1999). Lock suggests that rights should be grounded in theories that involve human nature. Humans by nature are laboring creatures that have a right to reap the rewards of what they sow. They have a right to own property."
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Liberal Social Contract Theories: Hobbes and Locke, 2002.
A comparison between Hobbes' and Locke's theories.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of liberalism with reference to Hobbes? and Locke?s viewpoints. The author of this paper explains that both writers discuss the ideas of government and liberalism from a different viewpoint to other writers in that they refer to ideas of the nature of man and man?s conduct in the ?state of nature' rather than ideas based on religion. While both refer to the concept of a social contract as a way to rule and govern, Hobbes stresses the importance of the monarch as the ruling and powerful entity, while Locke emphasizes the importance of the community and people as the superior aspect
From the Paper
"In developing their theory of government, both Hobbes and Locke start with a hypothetical ?state of nature.? And both have reason and rationality as their base to arrive at their respective conclusions, rather than concepts derived from religion and divinity. The difference lies in their ideas of the nature of man and man?s conduct in the ?state of nature.? Hence their different conclusions. Although both talk of a ?Social Contract? while developing their respective ideas of government, Hobbes favors monarchy and holds the monarch, once the people give consent to him, as all powerful, whereas Locke holds that the people [i.e. the community] that give legitimacy to the ruler to govern are supreme."
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on modern political philosophy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the philosophy of Hobbes and Locke, and seek to compare their ideas on modern political philosophy. By understanding human nature, origin of the state, the nature of government, and the right of revolution, we can see how they influence ach other through history.
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Hobbes and Locke, 2002.
A comparison and contrast of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper will discuss the philosophy of Hobbes and Locke, and seek to compare their ideas on modern political philosophy. By understanding human nature, origin of the state, the nature of government, and the right of revolution, we can see how they influence ach other through history.
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2005.
This paper relates that Thomas Hobbes and John Locke represent opposite ends of the spectrum of seventeenth century political philosophy.
3,050 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Thomas Hobbes, who believed that man was cruel and evil by nature, espoused the idea that only the firm grip of an absolute authority would be successful in governing a society of men; countering this extreme view, John Locke put forth the idea that man was rational and peace-seeking by nature and that any useful system of government must be chosen by men and must serve the best interests of the polity. The author points out that, despite these difference, both philosophers argued their cases within the same terms of debate; both (1) spoke of social contracts and of the nature of man, (2) were concerned with defining the type of government that would be best suited to govern societies, as well as the reasons why man should submit to any form of government at all and (3) were concerned with the ultimate objective of avoiding conflict and violence and thereby assisting their fellow men in the task of peaceful coexistence. The paper summarizes that Hobbes had a dimmer view of mankind than Locke because, in the Hobbesian world, every man is preoccupied with the task of survival and will do anything to meet his goal of self-preservation; whereas, Locke expounds on mankind's virtues and on his innate sense of morality.
From the Paper
"Locke argued a final, crucial point in direct dispute against Hobbes: that man has the natural right to quit government. Locke envisioned Hobbes' ideal of government-by-force as a counterproductive hunting match: "Whereas by supposing they have given up themselves to the absolute arbitrary power and will of a legislator, they have disarmed themselves, and armed him to make a prey of them when he pleases..." Man has thus, in constructing and submitting to an absolute authority, theoretically turned over every one of his natural rights. Where Hobbes wrote that man had a right to quit government only when it was matter of laying down one's life for no just cause, Locke leaves this self-eject option much broader. He even goes so far as to say that when a government begins to fail its people, and undermine its primary intent, the citizens subject to it have not only a right but an obligation to revolt against its power."
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Hobbes and Locke, 2005.
An analysis of the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke as exponents of the classical liberal tradition.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This papaer examines the influences of their times on Locke and Hobbes, their differing views on the state of mankind and their common belief in the rational faculties of man.
From the Paper
"This research paper summarizes and analyzes the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in reference to the questions posed Hobbes and Locke as Exponents of the Classical Liberal Tradition. Both Hobbes and Locke were products ..."
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Hobbes and Locke: Comparison and Contrast, 2002.
This paper presents a comparison between the beliefs of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke who represent two very different ways of looking at human nature and the theories of government that they have generated.
964 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The writer illustrates how political theorists have formulated justifications for the type of state that each would establish. Hobbes believed that human relations were inborn and could only be superficially controlled by government, whereas Locke saw man as basically being given the ability to know right from wrong by his Creator.
From the Paper
"In a Hobbesian world, mankind needs such a power to defend its own interests. Therefore, Hobbes concludes, ?The only way to erect such a common power. . is, to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, into one will.? (58) Hobbe?s state, as a result, is totalitarian and fixed; once institutions are established, they are not subject to change, since the presumption is that the state is already ideal and can?t be wrong. There is also no concept of civil rights or individual freedom."
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Aristotle, Hobbes, and Locke, 2004.
A discussion of whether Aristotle, Locke, and Hobbes influenced the ?Founding Fathers? of the United States Constitution.
1,672 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the writings of Aristotle, John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes and reviews the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution in an effort to determine whether or not these great thinkers influenced the Founding Fathers when they wrote these two historical documents.
From the Paper
"It is very clear that the ?Founding Fathers? of the U.S. were making as a foundation for the government of the U.S. to be infused with the power of the people and not of their own volition. Further those men were created with God-given rights that could not be taken from them by a governing body. In exploring the writings of Aristotle we find that the Declaration of Independence most certainly does contain the essence of what Aristotle wrote in the year 350 B.C.E."
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Hobbes and Locke on The Best Regime, 2002.
The ideas of Thomas Hobbes, from "Leviathan", and John Locke, from "Second Treatise on Government". on the best regime.
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper emphasizes, using specific examples, how the systems of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both leave too much room for abuse of power in their ideal governments. Specifically, Thomas Hobbes allows abuse of power by a monarch, and John Locke allows abuse of power by faction groups.
From the Paper
"In all likelihood, there has never been a more controversial political topic than what constitutes the best regime. Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?s Second Treatise on Government are two examples of political theorists attempting to determine the best regime through reasoning. This paper will examine the connection between each author?s views on the state of nature and their idea of the best regime. It will also examine the problems with each author?s idea of the ?best regime?. Although there is something to be said for the views of both authors, they fail to provide enough checks on political power to ensure freedom from absolute tyranny."
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