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HIV Risk Prevention, 2002.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to explore HIV risk prevention by educating minority adolescents.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 49 sources, APA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This study asks if an interactive school-based HIV/AIDS prevention/education program for multi-ethnic urban seventh and eighth graders can increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promote positive attitudes towards people with AIDS and encourage the desire for changes in the high risk behavior. The paper states that this research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), introduced by Fishbein in 1967 and suggests that a person?s attitude toward any object is a function of his or her belief about the object and the evaluative aspects of those beliefs. The author proposes that an HIV educational program intervention will be used with a design consisting of a pre-test and post-test evaluation of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention to seventh and eighth grade students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Framework
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Research Sample
Independent Variable
Research Results
Implications for Family/
Community Health Nurse Practitioners
Implications for Target Population/Community
Summary
Appendix
From the Paper
"In the United States, HIV/STD infections are prevalent among the African Americans, and the Latinas in urban and rural areas especially in districts where the unemployment rate is high and impoverished families cannot send their children to school. Out-of-school youth ages 12-19 are most stricken and while efforts are being heightened and the federal government and other funding organizations are helping, HIV/STD cases still exist and programs don?t seem to work out at all."
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HIV-Risk Behaviors in College Students, 2004.
Discusses the predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
The predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students are assessed through a survey at a Midwestern university. One hundred and thirty-five participants (37 males, and 98 females) assess their HIV-risk behavior through a two-page, self-administered survey during the winter quarter of 2004. This paper shows how the survey assesses five areas: HIV-risk behavior, HIV-risk knowledge, HIV-risk reduction, HIV-risk reduction behavioral skill, and demographic characteristics. Through these five areas, survey administrators are able to assess the relationship between information, motivation and skills, and their risk-reduction behavior, as based on the IMB Model. The paper shows that, through statistical evaluation, it is established that participants who report greater motivation to avoid HIV infection also reported more frequent condom use. Further analysis also shows that women reported greater risk-reduction motivation, as well as better risk-reduction behavioral skills.
From the Paper
"Further exploration may include the assessment of high-risk behavior through other models, such as the Health Belief Model, developed in the early 1950?s. Such a model was developed, similar to the IMB Model, to predict the likelihood of one taking preventative action against health risks (Hollar & Snizek, 1996). Future investigation might also incorporate a treatment within the study. The current study found that a greater motivation to avoid HIV infection resulted in a reported more frequent condom use. Though, perhaps with a treatment containing information on high HIV-risk behavior, the simple act of prevention through condom use, and facts and figures regarding the high AIDS rate within the college population, a follow-up survey assessment would find increased motivation to avoid HIV and a lower rate of risky behaviors within the participants."
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HIV at-Risk Populations, 2002.
An overview of the issues facing HIV at-risk communities such as gays and lesbians.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses problems encountered by HIV at-risk populations, especially women and children, adolescents, gays and lesbians, persons of color, and international populations.
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Condom Use for HIV Prevention in Females, 2004.
Study on women's readiness to use condoms and the need to promote the use of condoms to help prevent HIV infection in females.
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This research study investigates single, urban women?s readiness to use condoms and the perceived pros and cons for condom use. The paper also stresses the importance of nursing interventions for HIV prevention and suggests that interventions should focus on women who are in denial or uninterested in condom use to help them accurately assess their risk and consider behavioral changes. The paper also describes interventions that can easily be integrated into routine patient visits. Furthermore, this study attempts to evaluate the effect of childbearing motivation and contraceptive attitudes on consistency of condom use among at-risk women enrolled in an HIV prevention intervention program.
From the Paper
"Single, heterosexual young adult women represent a group increasingly at risk for HIV infection. Condom use remains an important risk reduction behavior. Focusing HIV prevention interventions to only those women ready to use condoms (preparation or action stage) limits the number of women able to be reached. Morrison-Beely and Lewis (2001) suggested that for sexually active single women to use condoms, they need to be moved from precontemplation to contemplation before they will be ready to respond to HIV prevention messages and interventions about condom use. Further, they state that ?Strategies and interventions for condom use in HIV risk reduction should consider not only a woman?s readiness to change, but also the interpersonal and relationship issues linked to a couple?s sexual partnership? (p. 155)."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
Presents background information on HIV and AIDS and preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the spread of HIV.
3,116 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics on the number of people in the world with HIV, where most of those people reside, and who is susceptible to contracting the disease. The paper also explains the difference between HIV and AIDS, how HIV is contracted, and the best methods of preventing the transmission of HIV.
From the Paper
"It is a myth that only homosexual men and promiscuous women are susceptible to contracting HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This very serious disease does not discriminate. In fact, HIV can be contracted by anyone. Because it can happen to anyone, HIV should be understood by everyone. Everyone can do something to help stop the spread of HIV."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to test the effectiveness of two programs to prevent transmission of HIV to adolescent populations.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices.The author points out that HIV transmission among the adolescent population is much too high and adds to the incidence of AIDS among adults and to the costs of that disease to society. The paper relates that the two methods to be tested, which are part of different types of educational program on HIV and prevention, are abstinence and methods for safe sex.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices. Two research questions are to be examined. The first is, how effective are these interventions (abstinence, safer sex) over time in reducing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission for this population group. The second is, what are the effects on education on preventing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission in the adolescent population. Several different programs have been developed as interventions to prevent teenagers from taking risky behavior. Such programs are often educational in nature, trying to impart information and so gain acceptance of safe sex or abstinence, which are also suggested by the lessons. Certainly, preventing HIV transmission among adolescents affects the educational experience by keeping these young people in school and by avoiding the sort of difficulties faced by them and their classmates when HIV becomes a more common disease."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
An argument in favor of needle exchange programs to prevent the spread of HIV.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper argues in favor of public policy to implement needle exchange programs in order to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV and AIDS. The paper also presents opposing views. The paper concludes with an examination of why the U.S. is one of few nations to oppose support for needle exchange programs.
From the Paper
"In the face of America's long held belief that prohibition is the only way to combat drug use in this country, there is an additional fear that is involved in being a junkie. This fear being the contraction of HIV...."
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HIV Preventive Behaviors, 2004.
Critiques a paper about measures women can take to protect themselves from HIV once they reenter the sexual arena after long-term monogamous relationships.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques a 2001 report entitled "Negotiation of HIV Preventive Behaviors in Divorced and Separated Women Reentering the Sexual Arena." The paper examines the justification of the methodology used in the report and the method used for recruiting subjects for the study. The paper contends that the conclusions drawn in the report may not be reliable.
From the Paper
"The phenomenon being studied in the report "Negotiation of HIV Preventive Behaviors in Divorced and Separated Women Reentering the Sexual Arena" was clearly stated and delineated by the author. The author wanted to look at how women who had been in long-term monogamous relationships which had ended in separation or divorce, handled discussing preventive measures against HIV and STDs with men once they resumed sexual activity after the breakup of their monogamous relationship."
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Fire Prevention in the Oil Industry, 2003.
This paper talks about the importance of fire prevention in the oil industry and discusses many of the aspects of fire prevention.
5,820 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 203.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oil industry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry
Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
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Primary Prevention, 2008.
A discussion on primary prevention as applicable to health care and the role nurses play in primary prevention.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains and provides information on the term "primary prevention". Specifically, the paper looks at how nurses play an important role in encouraging and educating patients about the importance of primary prevention activities.
From the Paper
"The Melanoma Book defines melanoma as a type of skin cancer. According to the author Howard Kaufman, MD, the single greatest risk factor for developing melanoma is exposure to the sun. Dr. Kaufman indicates that minimizing sun exposure and using sun screens with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or 45 are the best ways to prevent melanoma. Also he recommends regular skin examinations (either self examinations or exams by a physician) as these can also aid in the early prevention of or detection of melanoma. He reports that when melanomas are found early, the cure rate is approximately 85%."
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Crime Prevention, 2006.
A discussion regarding criminal activity and the possible prevention of crime by means of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses various statistics relating to criminal activity. The paper then goes on to discuss studies which show that property crime can also be prevented by manipulating the design of the separate properties and their relationship to each other and the surrounding neighborhood. This process is called crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). According to the paper, the overall impact of CPTED by itself continues to be controversial. Specialists are more prone to accepting the fact that it is one of many measures that, taken together, can prevent or reduce crime.
From the Paper
"NIJ does say that these cases "suggest" that place-based crime prevention approaches that are designed to meet the needs of certain neighborhoods do indeed reduce crime, although they are not "prove" this is the result. "In practice, it would be as difficult as untangling a spider web to evaluate the effectiveness of specific place-based crime prevention measures applied to these residential areas" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328). Also, although crime data back the thesis that place-based applications work, "the physical, management and community organizational interventions in these cases are woven together in complex ways that defy individual analysis" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328)."
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Prevention, Hypertension and African-Americans, 2008.
This paper examines the tertiary prevention of hypertension in the African-American population.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper highlights the inadequacy of tertiary prevention alone in achieving effective outcome management of hypertension in African Americans. The paper discusses how interventions at the primary, secondary and tertiary level of prevention are a more cost-effective means of achieving desirable outcomes. The paper then discusses how one could use education to target patients' non-compliance with treatment.
Outline:
Introduction
Tertiary Prevention
Significance of All Levels of Prevention
Tertiary Preventive Activity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The tertiary level of prevention involves the prevention of the progression of disease or further complications as a result. While primary and secondary prevention of disease are a major and preferred component of population-based health programs, tertiary prevention is also a significant component in that it addresses that proportion of the population that already has a specific disease and is at risk of developing more severe disease or associated co-morbid diseases."
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Strategies for the Prevention of Breast Cancer, 2002.
An examination of the risk factors associated with breast cancer and their role in the prevention of the disease.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at breast cancer which is a common condition accounting for one of every three cancers diagnosed in American women. The writer proposes that the risk factors associated with the disease need to be examined in order to identify possible mechanisms of causation. This would lead to effective prevention measures. The paper suggests a proposal and expected outcomes. The proposal looks at primary and secondary prevention. Primary prevention focuses on the initial occurrence of breast cancer and secondary prevention on the progression of the disease. In the conclusion the paper argues that knowledge in these areas will allow women to make informed choices about their health and lifestyle.
From the Paper
"Breast cancer is a common condition, which can, and often does, lead to death. According to the American Cancer Society (2001), breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among women in the United States, and it accounts for one of every three cancers diagnosed in American women. In 2001, breast cancer killed an estimated 40,200 in the U.S., second only to lung cancer. Men, too, are occasionally diagnosed with breast cancer. There were an estimated 1500 diagnosed cases and 400 deaths due to breast cancer among American men in 2001".
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Stanley Williams' Gang Prevention Books, 2006.
This paper is a complete dissertation, which examines the impact of Stanley Williams' gang prevention books on pre-adolescent boys.
15,640 words (approx. 62.6 pages), 73 sources, APA, AU$ 363.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the purpose of this study was to determine how young people and their teachers perceived the Stanley Williams' gang prevention readers and their impact on their beliefs about gangs and people who join them. The author includes a critical review of the relevant literature and an analysis of the results of interviews with six students and teachers. The paper concludes that the research indicates the importance of providing young people with the information and tools they need to resist the temptation to become involved with gangs in the first place and to help them recognize the potential adverse consequence associated with these groups. The paper includes data tables and questionnaires.
Table of Contents:
The Problem
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Risk Factors for Gang Involvement
Anti-Social Behavior
Protective Factors from Gang Involvement
Approaches to Prevention and Intervention
Types of Prevention Strategies
Prevention Approaches using Literature 2
Summary
Methodology
Introduction
Research Questions
Methodology
Participants
Instrumentation
Assumptions or Limitations
Procedures
Data Analysis
Findings
Introduction
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Children's Parental Permission Form
Request for Parental Involvement
Request for Teacher Involvement
Student Questionnaire
Parent Questionnaire
Teacher Questionnaire
Verbal Script for Students' Assent
From the Paper
"The average age for youth to become involved with a gang is between twelve to seventeen years. There is an increasing movement toward recruitment of elementary school aged youth. A contributing factor to this is that gang members know that states do not routinely prosecute younger children. This is a way for gang members to involve youth in their illegal activities, in an effort to remain out of jail. The younger children are extremely motivated to gain the approval of older male gang members, who they see as role models. It is increasingly necessary, then, that gang prevention education begins with elementary school age children."
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Prevention of AIDS, 2007.
This paper discusses the lack of successful prevention strategies in the struggle against AIDS.
894 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that although there have been many promising developments in recent years concerning the global endeavor to address the AIDS epidemic, which includes increased access to both prevention programs and effective treatments, the number of those being infected with the virus continues to grow. The paper discusses how prevention as a strategy has been strongly advocated in the battle against AIDS because transmission is, to a certain degree, preventable. The paper notes, however, that prevention strategies have not produced the required results and the epidemic continues to touch the lives of millions across the globe.
From the Paper
"AIDS, or the HIV virus, was identified in the United States in 1981, following an increase in the number of homosexual men being diagnosed with a rare form of cancer. After a number of years, during which "prevention" was the only system of defense against AIDS, scientists managed to develop a test for the virus, while extensive research enabled a better understanding of transmission processes. This, consequently, led to the launching of various prevention strategies, as scientists continued to search for effective treatments, and a cure. However, despite the extensive prevention programs and strategies, official figures reveal that the numbers of newly infected cases did not start reducing until new drugs became available in 1996 (CDC, 2007). Despite this, however, "prevention" strategy has continued to be an essential tool in fighting the virus."
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Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs, 2008.
An examination of juvenile delinquency prevention programs and their potential for success.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews three levels of juvenile delinquency prevention: the primary level of creating safe environments, the secondary level of addressing those at risk and the tertiary level of bringing youths back from the brink after they have become involved in the juvenile justice system. The paper outlines the available programs at all three levels of prevention and their possible potential for success. The paper also explains the primary causes of juvenile delinquency and possible solutions.
Outline:
Abstract
Part 1 - Delinquency Prevention Theory
Part 2 - Delinquency Prevention Programs
From the Paper
"The comprehensive approach to preventing, correcting and resolving juvenile delinquency is divided into three levels to more specifically address the complex nature of the problem. Each level corresponds to the escalating level of youth's risk of or actual involvement in illegal activities. These increasing levels of intervention are designed to address particular risks factors for the juveniles, with the ultimate goal of keeping the youth out of the criminal justice system.
"The primary prevention level addresses the root causes, conditions and environmental factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency before the youth is part of the problem. The much agreed upon approach is to assist the youth before they are involved in illegal activity. These early intervention programs can range from those that directly address the individual to information programs designed to reach the general public at large. Programs designed to meet the needs of the individual are often school based educational programs, but also can be after-school safe harbor programs. The programs fall into the categories of either educational, recreational or community involvement. The educational programs are designed to provide information for both the youths in the community and the parents. Recreational activities are designed to occupy the hours after school where many youths are unsupervised. The Department of Education reports that youths are most likely to become involved in crime between the hours of 2 pm to 8 pm, with the peak rate at 3 pm ("Juvenile Delinquency Prevention," n.d.). These recreational activities have the additional benefit of creating positive friendships that can be of assistance in later years. The programs may include sports, music, drama, karate, and other such group activities. Community involvement programs include such groups as Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, church youth groups and other youth volunteer groups. These types of group programs provide a much needed connection for some youths that may feel isolated, and creates ties with the community that also prevents involvement in illegal activity."
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