| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HIV AIDS NIGERIA": |
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HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, 2008.
This paper examines the role HIV/AIDS plays in the faltering efforts of Nigeria to embark upon meaningful social progress.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the pervasiveness of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria and how the country is harmed socially, economically and politically by the virus. The author points out that HIV/AIDS robs the nation of Nigeria of human resources it desperately needs, takes money away from other important development projects, and can easily serve as an excuse for internal authoritarianism and persecution. The paper stresses that, until HIV/AIDS is contained and/or eradicated, Nigeria will continue to lag behind the first world.
From the Paper
"The "social progress" within Nigeria from an uncivil and tempestuous society to a civil and (relatively-speaking) stable one has not been a smoothly-unfolding phenomenon. For one thing, the country continues to be saddled with a democratic deficit and with what one observer calls an "overall absence" of appropriate social, political and economic institutions of governance; in other words, the Nigerian government remains woefully ill-prepared to tackle the many internal (and external) issues facing Nigeria."
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Nigeria's Challenges, 2008.
Presents a creative essay written as if Miss Nigeria America is speaking with the new president of Nigeria, Umaru Yar'Adua, about the problems of Nigeria.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the safety, health and happiness of so many Nigerian citizens is depending on the administration of the new president, Umaru Yar'Adua. The paper points out the need for Nigeria to have true democratic elections instead of flawed elections and discusses other pressing issues facing Nigeria including environmental problems, the plight of the poor people in rural Nigeria and the AIDS/HIV epidemic. The writer concludes that she dreams of a country free of corruption, which provides a good education, dependable housing and police protection for all people.
From the Paper
"There are other issues I hope you can work on, as well, Mr. President. Shell Oil, as you know, has been allowing gas flares to burn and burn and burn. Many groups have protested against the burning of these gases, which are a product of the production of crude oil. This is a terrible abuse of our environment. For one thing it contributes to global warming, and for another, it hurts the air that our citizens breathe. Chevron, Texaco, and Mobil are also exploiting our people by polluting our air - and to top it off, money these American oil companies are making is not shared fairly with Nigerians."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 227.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
Presents background information on HIV and AIDS and preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the spread of HIV.
3,116 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics on the number of people in the world with HIV, where most of those people reside, and who is susceptible to contracting the disease. The paper also explains the difference between HIV and AIDS, how HIV is contracted, and the best methods of preventing the transmission of HIV.
From the Paper
"It is a myth that only homosexual men and promiscuous women are susceptible to contracting HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This very serious disease does not discriminate. In fact, HIV can be contracted by anyone. Because it can happen to anyone, HIV should be understood by everyone. Everyone can do something to help stop the spread of HIV."
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AIDS/HIV Patients and Health Care, 2002.
A thorough examination of health care for HIV and AIDS patients and a review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding.
9,785 words (approx. 39.1 pages), 46 sources, MLA, AU$ 290.95
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Abstract
A research study is proposed that investigates the experiences of HIV/AIDS patients with health insurance. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. Literature is reviewed is support of the proposed research study. The major bodies of literature reviewed are those related to access to care for HIV/AIDS patients, the quality of care received by HIV/AIDS patients and health care funding, especially as such funding applies to HIV/AIDS care and research and with a further emphasis on future funding prospects.
Introduction
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
The Welfare State
Summary of the Literature Review
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs?the very great majority?are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses.
When all is said and done, approximately 12 percent of the country?s population is without any formal health care insurance coverage (Minahan, 1999; Rosen, Fanshel, & Lutz, 1999), although some estimates of this proportion are higher. Further, in most cases, such individuals are not in a financial position to fund such services as required. With the size of the American population established at approximately 273 million by the 1999 census estimate (Population Reference Bureau, 2000), the 12 percent without formal health care insurance translates into approximately 33 million people."
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Health Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2002.
A review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding for HIV and AIDS patients.
9,674 words (approx. 38.7 pages), 51 sources, MLA, AU$ 287.95
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Abstract
The difficulty of HIV/AIDS patients in acquiring adequate and equitable health care coverage is examined. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. A thorough review of published literature from different fields is conducted in support of this study. This literature is categorized, analyzed and collected as a unified body. Conclusions about the meaning of the various reviewed studies are presented. The primary conclusions of this study are the needs for portability and true universality in health care for all, as well as guarantees that expensive and experimental treatments will be covered. The writer explains that such changes would benefit not only HIV/AIDS patients, but all Americans as well.
Abstract
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose to the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of the Literature
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs?the very great majority?are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses. "
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Immunobiology and HIV, 2008.
An analysis of the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and the role of chemokines in suppression of HIV replication.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between immunobiology and HIV. It analyzes the research in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and in the operation of various related biological effects. The paper then addresses the role of the chemokine MIP-1 beta, among others, in T cell mediated suppression of HIV replication.
From the Paper
"Patke, Green, and Shearer examine the role of beta-chemokines and their chemokine receptor on HIV B lymphocyte function. To test this interaction, the researchers used highly purified normal human B cells from seronegative donors, isolating them by adherence to CD19-coated beads. They then treated IL-4 plus anti-CD40-activated B cells with recombinant gp120 (10 ng/ml) before exposure to beta chemokines or receptor. At that stage, cyclic nucleotide generation was assessed at six hr, DNA synthesis at day threem and IgM production on day seven. Also, cell surface marker expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis using the Coulter EPICS-XL. What the researchers found was that there ia a role for MIP-1 beta and RANTES on the early B cell events of proliferation, cyclic nucleotide generation, and cell surface marker receptor modulation in opposition to the beta chemokine receptor, CCR5. the researchers also note that the ability to regulate early B cell events might be a targeted area in the development of novel designer molecule therapeutic approaches to AIDS, though further research is needed finally to demonstrate this possibility."
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HIV-AIDS Patients and the Health Care System, 2002.
An assessment of minority access to the American health
care system focusing on the HIV-AIDS community.
5,926 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 36 sources, APA, AU$ 206.95
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Abstract
Approximately 12 percent of the American population is without any formal health care insurance coverage. The research problem investigated in this paper concerns minority access to health care. The central issue is the determination of the best approach to improve such access, especially in relation to HIV-AIDS patients.
Outline:
Introduction
Problem
Minorities and HIV-AIDS
Interaction with Health Care System
Racial and Ethnic Orientation
Structure and Method of Investigation
Structure
Method [Focus on Outcomes]
Minorities: Health Care Delivery Problems in the Community and Health Care System
Bioethical Issues
Failure to Address Racial Differences
Failure to Address Insurance Status Differences
Health Care Delivery and Accessibility
Delivery
Accessibility
HMOs and Fee-for-Service Providers
Social Psychological Influences
Distrust of the Health Care System
Health Beliefs of Minorities
Social Identity Influences
Minority Status and HIV-AIDS
HIV-AIDS and Minority Population Groups
Origins
Ethical Issues
HIV-AIDS Health Care for Minorities
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access to Health Care
Proposed Initiative
Conclusions and Recommendations
Restatement of Problem
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Potential Solutions
Assessment
Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Decisions made by health care professionals in the conduct of practice typically are reached within the context of an ethical framework (Marty, 1992). Clinical ethics is defined as the systematic identification, analysis, and resolution of ethical problems associated with the care of particular patients (Zuckerman, 1994). The goals of clinical ethics include protecting the rights and interests of patients, assisting clinicians in ethical decision-making, and encouraging cooperative relationships among patients and those close to patients, clinicians, and health care institutions. Important in the definition of clinical ethics is an emphasis on clinicians, not only physicians, thus underscoring the fact that clinical ethics needs to be a multi-disciplinary endeavor that encompasses the range of clinician expertise involved in patient care."
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HIV-Risk Behaviors in College Students, 2004.
Discusses the predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
The predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students are assessed through a survey at a Midwestern university. One hundred and thirty-five participants (37 males, and 98 females) assess their HIV-risk behavior through a two-page, self-administered survey during the winter quarter of 2004. This paper shows how the survey assesses five areas: HIV-risk behavior, HIV-risk knowledge, HIV-risk reduction, HIV-risk reduction behavioral skill, and demographic characteristics. Through these five areas, survey administrators are able to assess the relationship between information, motivation and skills, and their risk-reduction behavior, as based on the IMB Model. The paper shows that, through statistical evaluation, it is established that participants who report greater motivation to avoid HIV infection also reported more frequent condom use. Further analysis also shows that women reported greater risk-reduction motivation, as well as better risk-reduction behavioral skills.
From the Paper
"Further exploration may include the assessment of high-risk behavior through other models, such as the Health Belief Model, developed in the early 1950?s. Such a model was developed, similar to the IMB Model, to predict the likelihood of one taking preventative action against health risks (Hollar & Snizek, 1996). Future investigation might also incorporate a treatment within the study. The current study found that a greater motivation to avoid HIV infection resulted in a reported more frequent condom use. Though, perhaps with a treatment containing information on high HIV-risk behavior, the simple act of prevention through condom use, and facts and figures regarding the high AIDS rate within the college population, a follow-up survey assessment would find increased motivation to avoid HIV and a lower rate of risky behaviors within the participants."
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Economic Reforms in Nigeria, 2007.
An analysis of the economic situation in Nigeria, including a ten year outlook and plans for economic reform.
8,067 words (approx. 32.3 pages), 33 sources, APA, AU$ 252.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three theories of economic growth - the neoclassical, institutional and locational theories. The paper critically analyzes the economic situation in Nigeria. It looks at the problems that have hindered economic growth in the country, including education, infrastructure and agriculture. The paper then discusses potential economic reforms for Nigeria and presents a ten year outlook for the country.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Economic Growth
Economic Growth Theories
Neoclassical
Institutional
Locational
History of Nigeria
Government of Nigeria
Economic Issues
Poverty and Diseases
Education
Infrastructure
Agriculture
Financial Reform
Current Situation
Current Outlook
Ten Year Outlook
Nigeria's Growth Theory
Footnotes
From the Paper
"Economic growth is the increase in value of goods and services produced by an economy. It can be measured as a percent change in the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Growth is essential for the development of any country. Ensuring that the benefits of high economic growth are more widely distributed is vital for making such growth sustainable (Anonymous, 2007)."
"One of the most noticeable features of the Nigerian economy is that the majority of the Nigerian population is poor and stricken with widespread poverty and disease. This reflects in the low GDP per capita of the country."
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Nigeria, 2004.
This paper discusses extensively the nation of Nigeria, with emphasis on the nation?s history.
5,735 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 201.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Nigeria, a relatively new nation, having become an independent country only in 1960, has a long history, even predating its being an early 20th century British colony. The author points out that Nigeria was a very important region in the slave trade industry. Well over three million people were shipped out from Nigeria over the course of the slave trade. The paper relates that modern Nigeria is still a young, growing Third World nation, trying to find a path to First World status. It faces many problems, such as having four hundred languages, each of which has its own various dialects. Map.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Geography
Basic History
Pre-Colonial
Colonial
Life in Colonial Nigeria
Slave Trade
Independence
Post-Colonial History
Modern Day Nigeria
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Creating public utilities and creating new roads, railways and water channels gave Nigeria new economic incentive to become a nation onto itself. Nigerian business soon developed monopolies for local products that were needed by the European nations such as oil palms for cosmetics manufacturers. The Nigerian business community began to cash in on other crops like cocoa and rubber. Once tin was discovered it was mined and exported with abandon. Except for the period of the great drought of 1913-14, the Nigerian economy continued to expand providing the necessary funding for an independence struggle."
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Historic Overview of HIV/AIDS, 2006.
This paper provides a historic overview and discusses the early origins of HIV/AIDS.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a brief discussion of the natural history of HIV/AIDS and looks at current principles of treatment. The paper discusses the two pre-dominant strains - HIV-1 and HIV-2 - separately, delving into the different genomic origins of each and how each strain possibly crossed the species barrier. The writer maintains that in spite of the best efforts to determine HIV's definite origins and source, speculation still abounds.
From the Paper
"Up to the present, scientific experts from diverse biological science backgrounds have yet to establish the origins of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Efforts to comprehend how the originally zoonotic infection crossed the species barrier have been at best speculative. Present understanding of the origins of HIV, through phylogenetic analysis, implicates a simian origin: the globally pandemic HIV-1 related to the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infecting chimpanzees (SIVCPZ) and the strain dominant in West Africa, HIV-2, related to SIV infecting sooty mangabeys (SIVSM). The complete understanding of the probable SIV progenitors of the present human strains of HIV is key to arriving at new ways to treat and, more desirably, prevent HIV/AIDS."
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The Impact of Depression on HIV/AIDS Progression, 2006.
A look at the correlation between depression and the progression of HIV/AIDS in patients suffering from the disease.
2,504 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at depression in patients suffering with HIV/AIDS. According to the paper, depression is not caused by HIV directly, but it has been found that those who have HIV/AIDS often also suffer from depression. The paper goes on to say that it is important to understand how depression impacts HIV/AIDS with regard to the disease progression so that depression treatment can be effectively handled to reduce the advance of the disease in those who suffer from it.
Outline:
Background of the Problem
Conclusion
From the Paper
" One of the weaknesses that this study had, was the instrument used to determine depression. While it is a marker for depressive illness it does not determine the rate or severity of the depression in the individual patient, which may have been helpful in separating the results into more definable categories(McDermott, 1999)."
"The study concluded that depression does not speed the progress of HIV but admits because of some of the inconsistent issues, such as the failure to divide the degrees of depression within the participants that the study should be repeated using different instruments to determine its validity(McDermott, 1999)."
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The HIV Virus, 2002.
An overview of the biological makeup and impact of the HIV virus.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the scientific point of view of the HIV virus and what factors make up its functions within a biological environment or host. By understanding the stages, how it originated, opposing opinions, examples of studies and current findings and treatment, we cans how the virus exists. Also, we will see how it affects the body organs/organisms and what part of the body, detection, treatment, show ratio of infected humans and areas that have high HIV ratios, what HIV leads to and how it affects the body from beginning to end.
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Breastfeeding and HIV Transmission, 2008.
Looks at breastfeeding and HIV transmission among black women.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that information about the risks of infection transmission of HIV must be provided to women in culturally relevant terms so that they can understand the significance of their choices. However, there is a communication gap in many black communities regarding healthcare prevention as well as treatment. The author points out that healthcare professionals must be fully informed of the benefits, risks and detriments of HIV transmission in HIV positive black women so that they can effectively communicate what they know in an unbiased and culturally relevant manner.
From the Paper
"Numerous studies have been performed to determine the risk of mothers who are HIV positive breastfeeding their babies. According to Crowe et. al. (2006) since a 1992 study by Dunn, it has been widely accepted that 14 percent of babies whose HIV positive mothers breastfed them would become infected themselves. However, there is now a great deal of evidence that this figure is not accurate because Dunn did not take a lot of important variables into account."
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The Demographic Trends of AIDS and HIV, 2004.
A demographic analysis of the changes in the demographics of people who are becoming infected with AIDS and HIV and the reason for this change.
2,088 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research into the current trends in HIV and AIDS in America, with the main focus on the demographics of people who are newly infected with the disease. Areas that are discussed include infection rates among various racial and age groups. The author also focuses on the growing sexual subculture with gay and bisexual minorities called the 'down low', which is changing the face of HIV and AIDS as many unsuspecting women are now getting HIV and AIDS from their husbands and boyfriends. Statistics are also provided to reinforce the fact that HIV and AIDS is changing its demographic path. Suggestions are also provided to help eliminate this impeding HIV and AIDS crisis.
From the Paper
"HIV and AIDS have also increased in the Latino population. Approximately 40,000 people are infected with the HIV virus each year in the United States. 19 percent of these new cases are Latinos, even though they only comprise 13 percent of the population. HIV is the fourth leading cause of death for Latinos aged 25 to 44 in 2002. One factor that plays a role in this increase is that many people in the Latino community are in the United States illegally and are afraid to come forward for treatment and testing for fear of deportation. As a result of this fear, they are not as informed of the preventative measures that need to be taken to avoid being infected with HIV and AIDS. Another reason for this increase is the number of Latino men who are in prison and engaging in risky sexual activity while behind bars. They in turn infect their girlfriends or wives when they are released from prison. (Smith, 2004)."
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