| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS": |
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Health Maintenance Organizations, 2007.
An analysis of the creation and development of health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and health care delivery. It discusses the creation of HMOs and the situation before their existence. The paper then discusses their management and describes the use of technology with regard to service delivery. Finally, the paper describes some of the problems associated with HMOs.
Table of Contents:
Current Delivery and Accessibility Issues
Management
Technology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) have been evolving for Americans since the beginning of industrialization. The concept of the HMO was to ensure that workers had access to health care that was affordable and consistent. However, as time has progressed it has become apparent that HMOs are not necessarily the best alternative for health care because of rising costs, the lack of employers to pay portions of the HMO fees and the belief by physicians that HMOs do not allow them to practice medicine by their own ethical values. The creation of HMOs, however, has led many within the country to begin to realize that health care should be available to all people, regardless of their employment affiliations. While this was the original intention of the HMO in the nation, over time the complete existence of these organizations has begun to focus solely on monetary gain. Perhaps if the health care community and the government can refocus their concentration on the HMO as a type of provider for all Americans, the future of the HMO will progress successfully in the United States."
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Health Maintenance Organizations Act Amendments of 1988, 1996.
Need for, legislative history, provisions, federal qualifications, costs & benefits, politics, impact on health industry.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 69.95
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From the Paper
In 1988, the employers' war against escalating health care costs shifted to a new front as demands rose for a variety of measures to control the premiums paid to health maintenance organizations. Foremost in this war were the 1988 amendments to the HMO Act, approved by Congress and signed into law on October 24, 1988. This research examines the causes of these amendments, their legislative history and their impact on the health care industry.
In order to protect and nurture what was then a new approach in health care, Congress passed the HMO Act of 1973. The HMO Act of 1973 offered financial support for the development of health maintenance organizations and required employers who offered traditional health care plans to also offer an HMO alternative if a "federally qualified" health..."
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Health Maintenance Organizations in the U.S., 2005.
Examines the viability of having HMOs as part of the American healthcare system.
4,570 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 173.95
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Abstract
The term "HMO" was developed in the early 1970s as part of a Nixon Administration strategy to promote the growth of prepaid plans as a way of improving the capacity and efficiency of the nation's health system. The 1980s were a time of great development. In response to the access of high quality health care at affordable rates, HMO numbers increased, as did the number or members enrolled. The paper shows that today, however, consumers are starting to question the quality of health care that they are receiving. Therefore, HMOs are beginning to lose their popularity and fight an ongoing battle in the high cost of health care.
From the Paper
"There is also something of a conflict of interest in the way NCQA is financed. About half of its budget comes from accreditation fees, which may create an incentive against setting standards too high. Critics of NCQA and HEDIS say someone who is outside of the industry should perform accreditation and quality review. Bruce Vladeck, former head of the Health Care Financing Administration, suggested that for HEDIS to be a true measure of acceptable HMO practices some indicators should be on a "pass-fail" basis -- certain practices should be flatly off limits. However, according to NCQA president Margaret O'Kane, only one practice is flatly banned: giving utilization reviewers explicit financial rewards for minimizing treatments or admissions."
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Mentally Retarded Youth and Personal Health Maintenance, 2002.
Analyzes two articles, one dealing with developing a systematic tooth-brushing program for retarded youth and the other on proper eating habits among this population.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses two articles: "Training Mentally Retarded Adolescents to Brush Their Teeth" by R.D. Horner and I. Keilitz (1975) and "Training and Maintaining a Retarded Child's Proper Eating" F. O'Brien, C. Bugle, and N.H. Azrin (1972). The paper shows that the purpose of the first research was to provide systematic development and evaluation of a tooth-brushing program for retarded individuals, while the second explored whether motivational techniques are necessary to insure the maintenance of proper eating for the mentally retarded. For each of the articles, the paper provides details on the purpose of the study, procedures used in the study, results of the study and evaluation of the article.
From the Paper
"Study findings showed that when the motivational-maintenance procedure was applied, the subject ate properly and when it was discontinued, the old eating behavior was resumed. When maintenance was again applied, proper eating occurred and was again discontinued when the maintenance procedure ended. During the last seven meals of training, proper eating was demonstrated on nearly every trial, and when baseline conditions were returned, improper eating was immediately resumed. Results also demonstrated that manual guidance was very effective in training the subject to eat properly."
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Health Maintenance Organizations, 1992.
Examines purposes, fees, benefits, types and examples (Humana, Pacificare).
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 92.95
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From the Paper
"Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) offer managed health care to their members. Members pay a fee to belong to the HMO, and are entitled to a wide range of benefits. Most often, the fee is either paid for or subsidized by the patient's employer, and most employees also opt to include their dependents on the plan. This research examines the HMO industry in the 1990s, and takes an in-depth look at one HMO in particular, PacifiCare.
Managed care, the umbrella term used to describe HMOs, refers to an organized group of medical professionals and facilities which works to control healthcare costs while maintaining appropriate levels of care. Many HMOs are publicly held corporations, in contrast to not.for.profit and private hospitals which may have smaller constituencies to answer to.. HMOs are generally responsible for delivering healthcare to an ..."
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Health vs. Wealth, 2006.
This paper explores the ongoing battles between the health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and the traditional hospitals.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper details the current crisis concerning health care and health costs as well as public and government concern regarding health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and "regular" hospitals. The writer of this paper delves into the escalating cost of health care due to advancing technology and pharmaceutical research. This paper also discusses the services and care offered by both health institutions.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Cost of Care
Technology as a Cost-Increasing Factor
Costs of Maintaining a Traditional Hospital
HMOs as Profit Centers
Care
Traditional Hospital Care
Conclusion
Works Referenced
From the Paper
"America's population is aging. We live longer, but therefore we require more hospital stays or medication than generations before us. The largest insurer of the aging is the government, through Medicare and Medicaid. Knowing the shortfall of income for future Medicare recipients, the government has been reducing, even curtailing some of the items, drugs, and illnesses for which it will pay the entire cost. Without such reimbursement, the for-profit HMOs are reducing the list of their clientele."
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Mental Health and Physical Health, 2005.
Discusses the reasoning behind two beliefs - whether or not mental health should be treated on par with physical health.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
There are two arguments regarding the treatment of mental health. Some believe that it should receive the same amount of health care coverage as physical illness, while others argue that the costs of treating mental illness could lead to severe problems. To better understand these arguments, this paper examines two articles, "Mental Health Should be Treated on Par with Physical Health," by Lewis L. Judd, and "Mental Health Should Not be treated on Par with Physical Health," by Richard E. Vatz, as well as two of their reference sources.
From the Paper
"Martin Bobgan and Deidre Bobgan, the writers of an article titled, "Mental Illness is not a Disease" would probably agree that spending money on mental illness, and treating it equally to physical illness would be a lost cause. Although their opinion is much more drastic than that of Richard Vatz, all three writers would probably seem to agree that covering mental illness in insurance coverage would not be helpful to society. In the article, Mental Illness is not a Disease," Martin and Deidre Bobgan profess that people "continue to promote the false concept of mental illness, to align it with medicine, and consign it to science." It is apparent that these writers believe that the mental state and one's physical well-being fall into completely different categories."
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Health Education and Health Promotion, 2002.
An overview of health education and promotion programs in the States today.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 195.95
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Abstract
This paper examines programs for health education and health promotion in the United States today. It identifies the importance of health promotion and theoretical models of health promotion. It also focuses on appeals to diverse groups within American society.15 pgs, bibliography lists 14 sources.
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Differences in Quality of Health Care by Insurance Type, 2003.
An in-depth study of health care utilization and access in fee-for-service vs. health maintenance organizations.
20,250 words (approx. 81.0 pages), 70 sources, APA, AU$ 364.95
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Abstract
This study examines the role of the health care safety net in increasing utilization and access for uninsured adults and children. Data from the 1997 National Survey of American Families and county-level data on local safety net conditions are cited. The study notes the minor variation in utilization and access among low-income adults by local safety net conditions, but the large differences by insurance status. Also noted is the discovery that most measures of the local safety net conditions were not related to use and access differences between insured and uninsured adults. The paper concludes with the finding that expanding insurance coverage would be more effective as a means of increasing use and access among low-income individuals than expanding the safety net.
From the Paper
"Critics of American health policy frequently note that only the United States and South Africa have failed to develop a system of national healht insurance despite possessing the societal resources to do so. It would appear that the United States is a clear favorite to become the next-to-last industrialized country to with a national health care system. The failure of American society to establish a national health insurance system has created a crisis of social justice. Some 40 million Americans, two-thirds of who are full-time workers and their dependents, lack both health insurance and individual wealth, and as a result are permitted to suffer ill health and premature death in comparison to those who are well-off or well insured. Given that the birth of managed care includes stringent reimbursement guidelines and insuing controversy over services provided or not provided, studies are needed to compare the quality of care provided by managed care insurance plans to the traditional method of health insurance, fee-for-service cost reimbursement."
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HMOs and Poor and Low-Income Communities, 2002.
This paper assesses the effectiveness of HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) in the delivery of health care to poor and low-income communities.
8,018 words (approx. 32.1 pages), 42 sources, APA, AU$ 251.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive review of the effects of HMOs to medical care in the U.S. and England. This paper concludes that HMOs demonstrated that they can be effective in the delivery of health care to any population group, including poor communities and low-income persons and households who live outside of poor communities. The author states that HMOs and other managed care organizations have in the past, are now and likely will continue in the future to sacrifice the care required by any population group that threatens to impinge on the bottom-line of these organizations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
HMOs as Health Care Providers
Access to Care through HMOs
Effects of HMOs and Managed Care on Hospitals and Low-Income Patients
Capitation
Purchaser-Oriented Management and Practice Guidelines
Case Management
Performance Analysis
Medicaid and HMOs: A Direct Impact on Poor Communities and On Low-Income Persons and Households
HMOs and Care Quality
Health Care Delivery in the United States Compared With the United Kingdom
National Health Care System in the UK
Similarities & Differences between the National Health Care Systems in the United Kingdom and the United States
The Case for Universality
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Over the past 50 years, managed care programs have existed such as the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (California) and the Health Insurance Plan of New York City. These programs only affected a minority of patients and physicians, until the past six or seven years during which managed care has grown significantly. Rising costs of health care, particularly in industry, and the fact that approximately 15 percent of the United States population lacks health insurance, have provided stimulus for this growth. Health care expenditures account for over 14 percent of the gross domestic product in the United States. Management of medical services is attempted through managed care. It is estimated that around 100 million individuals are now covered by a managed care plan and that 77 percent of employers offer a managed care program."
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Pool Maintenance, 2001.
Detailed description of methods (chemicals, filtration); list of weekly maintenance tasks. Health considerations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 92.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Proper pool maintenance is a health issue as well as an aesthetic matter and an economic issue, for a well-maintained pool promotes health, looks good, and saves the owner money over time. The association between the swimming pool and disease has been well documented in literature, and a variety of illnesses, ranging from minor and self-limiting to life-threatening, has been reported as a result of using improperly maintained swimming pools, spa pools, and hot tubs. Some reported illnesses have increased over the past few decades, and this can most likely be attributed to improved reporting techniques and to the increased popularity of spa pools and hot tubs but also to improper maintenance:
One of the most important factors in preventing.."
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Oil Industry Maintenance, 2004.
An evaluation of the maintenance requirements of the petroleum industry.
7,872 words (approx. 31.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 248.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how maintenance issues and scheduling are very important for the petroleum industry and how different business units have to work in close coordination with each other in order to achieve the best performance from all the equipment within the organization. It also discusses the importance of training and education and how training should not be restricted to the maintenance departments, but rather the need and reason for maintenance should be provided to all employees within the organization. It shows how the stability of the oil and gas industry depends on its ability to answer the market's increased demand, while still providing profits. All scheduling for maintenance in the oil production business should be done based on the bottleneck, the product most required.
Outline
Introduction
Existing Conditions in the Petroleum Industry
Problems Faced by Maintenance Departments and Their Impact on the Petroleum Industry
Discussion of the Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance of Tanks Used For Storage of Petroleum Products in Tank Farms
Maintenance of Refineries on a Holistic and Generalized Bases
Results Expected From the Maintenance Program Set in Place
From the Paper
"Many of the key players in the oil and gas industry are striving to reduce their outstanding debts and improving their cash flow. Organizations involved in the productions, distribution and warehousing of petroleum products are realizing that by using preventive maintenance (PM) and behaving proactive with regards to the problems and issues faced within their operations that can achieve their goal of reducing costs and operational expenses. Constant risk assessments of the manufacturing and production facilities and periodic evaluation of all the work processes has helped many other industries improve their bottom line. The petroleum industry is quick to realize the gains and advantages that can be got by using many of the tried and tested management tools used by other industries."
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Aircraft Maintenance Management, 2005.
An analysis of the cost savings that can be obtained from efficient aircraft maintenance management.
1,398 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
A major expense of operating any aircraft is maintenance expense. In commercial and business aviation, the costs go far beyond the immediate costs of direct labor and materials. This paper examines how the critical nature of maintenance planning and advanced software technology potentials have combined to create many types of software options for automated maintenance scheduling. It looks at how maintenance planning software can reduce maintenance costs and prevent loss of revenue and how operators are forging "off the shelf" programs into individualized solutions.
Outline
Abstract
Direct Effects of Poor Maintenance Planning
Indirect Effects of Poor Maintenance Planning
Software Solutions
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The obvious consequences of poor maintenance planning are flight safety failures. One infamous incident involved the January 2000 crash of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 into the Pacific Ocean when a crucial flight control part failed. It was later determined by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) that the part, a jackscrew controlling the horizontal stabilizer, failed due to lack of lubrication. The NTSB ruled not only that failure was due to poor maintenance practices of Alaska Airlines but also blamed the Federal Administration Agency (FAA) for lack of oversight. (Wallace, 2006) Alaska Airlines improved their maintenance procedures and the FAA issued additional requirements for the jackscrew inspection intervals."
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Pool Maintenance, 2006.
Explains the steps to be followed in pool maintenance, for an audience of people with new pools who need to learn how to maintain the water for best health effects and to do so in a way that is ongoing and protective of all users of the pool.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a set of technical instructions for swimming pool maintenance, noting that every swimming pool owner must perform certain minimum tasks in order to maintain water quality for use of the pool which means removing bacteria from the water, heating the water, keeping energy costs down, and keeping the pool looking good to the visitor.
From the Paper
"Proper maintenance of the pool is a health issue, an aesthetic issue, and an economic issue. When a pool is properly maintained, it promotes health, presents a pleasing appearance, and saves money. A poorly maintained pool is often associated with the spreading of various diseases. A major factor in preventing outbreaks of illnesses at pools is adequate disinfection, and also important are proper filtration and chemically balanced water. These factors work in combination to control pathogens and prevent disease."
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Health Care Programs, 1992.
A social work perspective looking at health maintenance organizations, Medicare, the uninsured, policy changes and proposals.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 139.95
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From the Paper
"Health Maintenance Organizations
Boland (1991) reports that, although health maintenance organizations (HMOs) offer employers and insurance companies ways to substantially curb health-care costs, there are still concerns that contracts fail to further reduce such outlays. At issue is that HMOs have phenomenal start-up costs that necessarily build in concerns for revenue generation. This means that HMO administrators will look for any way possible to reduce operation expenditures, including the implementation of policies that may result in clients not receiving the necessary care, clients receiving such care in shorter than indicated time-frames, and in pressuring employees to work harder, leading to increased stress and dissatisfaction. In addition to these, HMOs generally lack the ability to provide for physician continuity, in that these..."
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Rural Health Care, 1992.
Examines programs for reimbursement of providers, compared to urban care, problems, health maintenance organizations and proposed federal plans.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 116.95
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From the Paper
"Rural Health
Sources of Reimbursement
There are several sources of reimbursement for health-care service delivery in rural areas, which are primarily divided into public and private. For 1975-1976, general taxation accounted for $44,310 million for the United States; while public insurance accounted for $17,232 million; private insurance was responsible for $33,618 million; direct payment was responsible for $39,425; and, "Other" accounted for $4,427 million (Maxwell, 1981, p. 163). For the 1975-1976 period, the United States reimbursed health-care delivery at a rate of 42.7% public funds, with the remainder being private (p. 60). Finkel (1985, p. 4) reports ..."
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