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Health Care Budgeting, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of government laws and regulations on budgeting by health care facilities.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that health care budgeting is one of the most difficult tasks that companies face because it must be modified regularly to reflect frequent and complex changes in government policies and Medicare and Medicaid rate changes. The author points out that the most dramatic affect that Medicare and Medicaid has on health care facilities is the ever changing reimbursement rates, which fluctuate every quarter and are not known to the company in advance so trying to budget for an intangible balance can be an uphill battle. The paper concludes that, until the federal and state governments are able to properly and effectively balance their own financial budgets, all health care companies must regularly take steps to be as prepared as possible for the changes that affect their company budgets.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Budgeting Process
Government Laws
Affects On Budgeting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The budget for the health care industry can be greatly affected by government laws that can change frequently. These changes can have a negative as well as a positive affect on health care. The government is focused on balancing the budget, as well as, keeping the social and financial interests of the people in mind. As the Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid programs start to lose money the government must concern itself with how to keep the programs running. Lowering payments for health care is one option the government uses to stop the loss of money to fund the program. This action can affect the health care company's budget by giving the organization less money to work with then they originally budgeted. Another way to increase the programs is to increase taxes the company has to pay in order to raise the needed funds to keep the programs afloat. This can also increase the budget for organization and force companies to use previously allocated funds into the tax budget."
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Health Care Privatization.
This paper argues in favor of health care privatization as opposed to health care nationalization.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike national health care, a government-operated, tax-funded system, the type of system, which is currently operated in Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and other countries,the majority of health care funding in the U.S. comes from the private sector. The author points out that advocates of national health care ague it would reduce costs by eliminating unnecessary, duplicative paperwork, adopting mechanisms to stretch health care dollars, such as bulk purchasing of medications, and implementing measures to control future health care costs, such as negotiating fair fees with doctors and budgets with hospitals. But some economists put the cost of national health care reform at $339 billion per year in additional taxes. The paper concludes that the only people who are really better off are the uninsured, with everyone else footing their bill and sacrificing their own health care, which isn't a good option for most working Americans because national health care expands coverage to all by raising taxes, rationing services, and limiting modern medicine.
From the Paper
"Those in favor of national health care also believe that our health care is inadequate compared to other countries with national health care. The U.S. spends more per person on health care than any other country in the world, but the World Health Organization ranked the U.S. 37th in the overall quality of health care that it provides. We are the only industrialized country that lacks universal health care. More than forty-two million Americans have no health insurance, with access distributed unequally among rich and poor and among the races."
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Alternative Approaches to Health Care: In The Name of Reform, 2001.
A discussion of alternative approaches to health care in light of the growing need for reform of the health care system.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for alternative approaches to health care. While maintaining a commitment to providing quality health care, a limited budget demands that change be made in the way that health care services are provided, and which treatments are made available. Appropriate level of care for patient need is discussed. Alternative approaches not currently in widespread use, such as acupuncture and chiropractic medicine, are proposed. The need for an improved joint effort on the part of community groups and health care providers is raised.
From the Paper
"Realizing that because of the high cost associated with health care and the limited availability of traditional hospitalized treatments an alternative approach is needed in the treatment of less severe health ailments that can be treated by alternative means. This reformed approach conserves hospitalized care for members of society who have a higher demand for these specialized services and equipment, such as organ transplant patients."
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Consumer-Directed Health Care, 2007.
A discussion on public budgeting, with a focus on consumer-directed health care (CDHC).
1,472 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how it has become important to attempt to curb public spending for health care, while maintaining quality of care and service. The writer proposes that providing the consumer with greater control in the field of health care decision making, is one way to control public spending. This manifests itself in consumer-directed health care (CDHC). The paper discusses how one can already see the benefits of CDHC, but these benefits are seen mainly among the wealthy. The paper concludes that extending these benefits to all, wealthy and poor, will reduce health costs and therefore, public spending.
Outline:
(1) Nature of the Issue
(2) Political and Social Impacts/Implications
(3) Policy
(4) Budget
(5) Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lower prices and higher quality are two of the concrete benefits of CDHC. Herrick (2006) for example states that physicians are seeking alternatives to high overhead and low reimbursements. In order to alleviate this problem, associations have been formed to keep the consumer informed of the price differences between services. Other associations, as mentioned above, offer cash options for incidental needs, thus cutting their billing costs, resulting in an ability to offer lower fees to their patients."
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Health Care Cost Containment, 2004.
A look at the rapidly increasing cost of providing health care services, one of the most critical issues facing health care facilities and organizations.
3,242 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the critical problem facing healthcare facilities and organizations of providing quality care and services while at the same time maintaining very limited budgets. The paper points out that cost control and management can only be accomplished through innovative cost containment methods and effective data analysis related to facilities expenditures, operating expenses, and overhead expenses, and then makes recommendations for achieving these ends.
From the Paper
"One challenge that healthcare facilities face is the wide diversity of services provided by various facilities. No two healthcare providers is alike, and expenditures vary greatly from one facility to the next, based on the type of services offered to patients, equipment utilized and cost containment mechanisms in place within a facility. A blanket solution to cost containment is not therefore, possible within the world of healthcare because facilities vary so greatly in the services they provide. Thus each situation must be examined uniquely and separate from other competitors, in order to develop solutions that meet the need of a particular venture."
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Future Aspects of Health Care, 2005.
This paper discusses future aspects of health care from an administrative and management perspective.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This nine page undergraduate paper examines future aspects of health care from the perspective of health care administrators and managers. The writer notes that it is evident that challenges must be overcome, despite the numerous problems presented by historical, social, ethical, technological, and financial factors. The writer points out that at the present time, the health care system in the United States is confronting rising costs and undiminished expectations, and the system is in crisis. Further, the writer discusses that controversial issues of socialized medicine, cost shifting, and budget deficits will have to be addressed if needed reforms of the American health care system are to be implemented.
From the Paper
"In examining future aspects of health care from the perspective of health care administrators and managers, it is evident that they must overcome the numerous challenges presented by historical, social, ethical, technological, and financial factors. At the present time, the health care system in the United States is confronting rising costs and undiminished expectations, and the system is in crisis. Controversial issues of socialized medicine, cost shifting, and budget deficits will have to be addressed if needed reforms of the American health care system are to be implemented. But reforming health care in the United States is contentious because it will affect the level of services and involve tens of millions of beneficiaries and taxpayers."
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Quality, Cost and Access in Health Care, 2002.
This paper discusses three seemingly separate, yet interlocking issues in health care.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the health care issues of quality, cost and access. The writer first introduces statistics that illustrate the difficulties faced by health care organizations when attempting to maintain quality standards with insufficient budgets. The paper finds that the Federal government is becoming more committed to determining methods to make the health care system in America more equitable for all citizens.
From the Paper
"More medical schools are graduating more doctors and more private groups are funding health care research. In addition, many diseases which once decimated society are being brought under control. In many ways, the United States health care system is a victim of its own success. Rapid developments of beneficial medical technology has produced a situation in which funding all interventions that would provide some health benefit to some patients would preclude spending on any other desirable social good."
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Capital Financing in Health Care, 2005.
Examines the importance of capital financing in the health care field.
746 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
As in any business, capital financing in the health care field, is very important. Without proper financial planning, budgeting and working capital, a company is headed for financial ruin. This paper shows that obtaining capital can be done in various ways and should be well planned and executed. If properly planned, a business has a good chance of survival. Without planning, bankruptcy could be the result.
From the Paper
"St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers, a New York healthcare provider, announced that it would file Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after losing its working capital loan. St. Vincent's defaulted on $30 million of its pre-petition loan committed by HFG (Healthcare Finance Group), which had agreed to provide a total of $100 million, in DIP (Debtor-in-Possession) financing. DIP financing is used in bankruptcy so that while the bankruptcy is being processed the business will have working capital for the duration. In many cases, DIP financing is considered attractive because it is done only under order of the Bankruptcy Court and allows the company to execute a Plan of Reorganization (POR)."
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Business and Health Care Providers, 2004.
This paper states that, from a nurse's perspective, common business practices can make health care providers more efficient, while allowing them to still retain their compassion for their patients.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that training and development in customer service techniques and procedures can develop a more professional support staff while creating better doctor/patient relationships; patients are people and would like to be treated as such. The author points out that budgetary concerns are now the entire staff's concern; nurses should be aware of keeping costs down in all areas of the hospital or practice. The paper stresses that a well-managed facility will operate more effectively, with less strife and stress, and this attitude will be apparent to patients and their families.
Table of Contents
Training and Development
Marketing
Budgeting and Financial Concerns
Management
From the Paper
"Training also carries through to the patient sector. Medical facilities who understand the need for preventative medicine have begun training patients in a wide variety of areas, including diet, exercise, and lifestyle to prevent or control a wide variety of diseases, from diabetes to heart disease, children's nutrition to poison control. For example, in one area, "A school nutrition program encouraged local communities to develop materials to provide direct experience with nutritional effects and how they were created in their own community" (Heirich 197). These training sessions rely on medical professionals who can also connect with a broad audience, and so, trainers must teach the medical experts how to react to and connect with a non-medical audience. In large health care organizations, a training and development department is vital in providing the most up-to-date and relevant health care to the community."
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State Budgeting vs. Federal Budgeting, 2002.
This paper details, compares and contrasts the different processes involved in budgeting on the state level and on the federal level.
1,109 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper, using Pennsylvania as a model, demonstrates the differences between state budgeting policies and federal budgeting policies. It shows how the budgeting techniques in the federal government have some major differences, when compared to those in the Pennsylvania State government; these differences include a lack of a separate capital budget, different budget cycles and timelines, and budgetary policy differences.
From the Paper
"The federal government uses only one budget to lay out its financial obligations, whereas Pennsylvania uses two separate budgets. The single operating budget used by the federal government is required to outline federal expenditures from purchases to service contracts. Pennsylvania, however, has one budget that outlines services, entitlements and education expenses, and a different budget to make new purchases on capital improvements. The former is called the General Fund, and the latter is the Capital budget. Pennsylvania uses two budgets because the General Fund is used for purchases and contracts that will take place within that fiscal year, and the Capital budget is used to forecast capital purchases in the next five years. In this manner, Pennsylvania can keep better track of its assets and have a tighter grip on where its money is spent. The biggest advantage to having a separate budget for capital improvements is it allows the possibility of change. When funding is appropriated on the federal level, the department gets its money all at once and builds whatever it needs. For a state, though, a program may be feasible at the time of its announcement, but may have to be restricted due to extenuating circumstances (i.e. September 11th and the economic downfall.) "
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Child Center Care Vs. Care by Family, 2007.
This paper discusses child care options and looks at the development of children who attended child care centers compared with those in family care.
3,054 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question over who should care for children is once again being debated throughout North America, with many advocating that very young children be raised with either their mothers or a close member of the family instead of attending child care centers. The writer discusses research indicating that the poor quality of care given in existing centers throughout the United States is the reason for problems within the classroom, as children who attend these care centers are believed to have both development and social problems. The writer concludes that the important point of the debate over child care should be how to ensure quality care for children whose parents have to work, or have chosen to work, through understanding and enabling effective and positive child development and growth within center-based childcare.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of Child Care in the United States
Contemporary Childcare in the United States
Towards an Effective Child Care System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The changes in society over the past few decades have completely transformed the contemporary world, mainly through the consequences of warfare and the recent advancements in technology, which has also changed the lives of women. Accounting for almost half of the nation's workforce, a vast majority of them either are already mothers or will be, which means that something needs to be done about the childcare situation in America. Although center-based childcare is not, perhaps, the ideal situation for mothers and their children, most parents have little choice."
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Health Care and Managed Care, 2002.
Shortcomings of health care with the implementation of managed care.
4,150 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 17 sources, AU$ 221.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the shortcomings of the American health care system with the implementation of managed care. The risks and future trends in the system are looked at as well as examples of what the system has faced.
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Health Care Managed Care and Fee-For-Service Plans, 2000.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the quality of care delivered by various forms of managed care organizations and fee-for-service organizations as reported by numerous recent studies.
From the Paper
"There is a current climate of distrust and frustration with managed care which has led many people to question whether health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and other forms of managed care really are looking out for the best interests of their patients. Managed care plans have incentives in place which reward physicians and other health service providers for providing fewer services or less costly solutions. With American society?s negative feelings toward managed care medical practices, questions about the quality of care provided by various managed care institutions have been raised. The fact that managed care enrollment has been increasing while at the same time growth in total healthcare expenditures has been declining only serves to increase the frequency of questions about the quality of healthcare provided by managed care organizations. This paper will focus on the quality of care delivered by various forms of managed care organizations and fee-for-service organizations as reported by numerous recent studies."
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Healthcare Budgeting Regulations, 2008.
A review of the article "Health Care Fraud" by A.M. Nann, J.C. Ashe, and K.H. Levy.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of healthcare fraud and its effect on healthcare budgeting with respect to government rules and regulations that directly impact the budgeting process. In the article by Nann, Ashe and Levy entitled 'Health Care Fraud" the paper states that of particular importance are the Medicaid and Medicare programs and how recent changes in policies and the regulatory environment have impacted the healthcare industry from a regulatory perspective.
From the Paper
"The healthcare budgeting process has become so difficult vis-a-vis Medicare and Medicaid because of the increasing legislation, scope, and expansion of these plans accompanied by increased reporting and billing accountability. As recently as the current Presidency Medicare has come under expansive reform that has thrown the typical healthcare budget process into an exercise in futility because reconciling expected payments under a typical fee for service plan is difficult and is susceptible to fraudulent billing practices (Nann, Ashe and Levy, 2005). The current administration implemented the most sweeping reforms of Medicare in many years. One of the biggest impacts made on healthcare budgeting by these new adjustments to Medicare have been on capping expenses which physicians and healthcare institutions can charge for a given service if it is accepted within the Medicare program."
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Flexible Budgeting, 2008.
This paper looks at financial terminology and discusses flexible budgeting within healthcare.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The financial term 'flexible budget' was introduced to the writer during a discussion thread conversation regarding conflict of interest and healthcare financial objectives and goals. The purpose of this paper is to define flexible budgeting, and apply the concepts of flexible budgeting by analyzing various descriptive articles. The writer notes that flexible budgeting can be applied to any industry that provides a service or product. The writer concludes that cost management is becoming a responsibility that is held to an established level of accountability for mid-level managers and a flexible budget tool can be a useful resource in managing the costs associated with providing quality health care.
Outline:
Introduction
Flexible (Variable) Budget
Research Summary
Application of Flexible Budgeting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The articles discussed the concepts and implementation of flexible budgeting in detail. A common concept that appeared in all articles is the departmental education and training and overall acceptance of the budget plan. The planning stages of the transition from a traditional budget to a flexible budget can often take a year or more. A committee is formed of specialized staff from all departments of the medical facility. The committee is developed to form the activity measures and cost variability relationships. Determining activity measures and applying cost variability measures is not a perfect science and may take time to discover actual relationships based on the trends of the medical facility. Departmental managers will play a crucial role in managing department budgets by monitoring trends by comparing actual numbers to historical numbers to establish a trend. A goal of the finance department is to create and practice a culture of open communication and development of the departmental managers In order for a flexible budgeting to succeed is acceptance of the program. The financial department must communicate to the departments that the system is not designed to cut budgets but to enhance the budget in times of resource need. Most hospitals are currently using a mixed budget of traditional budget factors such as fixed costs and a flexible budget when determining costs for staffing."
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Budgeting in England's Roman Catholic Dioceses, 2005.
An exploratory study on budgeting in the Roman Catholic dioceses of England.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 24 sources, MLA, AU$ 171.95
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Abstract
Supporting the activities and operations of churches and religious organizations is a complicated and serious financial challenge. The activities of these organizations, combined with their limited financial resources, result in a need for careful attention to financial management. Further, as a result of occasional media reports of financial irregularities in some religious organizations, there is an increasing call for financial accountability in almost all organizations today. This paper shows that diocese members want to know, and have a right to know, how and where church funds are spent. Beyond accountability and financial reporting, there is a need for assistance in all aspects of financial management. The diocese, therefore, provides a unique environment in which to contextualize the study of accounting and budgeting. The paper shows that many dioceses are supported by professional accountants and bookkeepers, some as paid employees, others as volunteers. Because the number of clergy is decreasing, financial management functions are being spread thin, and there is less control; therefore, there will likely be increasing pressure from parishes for improved budgeting functions. The base of this research project is extended to all Roman Catholic Church dioceses in the United Kingdom, but concentrates on the budgeting process as it exists within a representative sampling of these religious organizations. Finally, this research project identifies who is involved in the budgeting process and whether structures interfere with budgetary process. An examination of how budgeting is done is followed by an assessment of its contribution in terms of population.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Review of the Relevant Literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first major component of internal accounting systems for management's use is the company's system for establishing budgetary plans and setting performance standards. The establishment of these performance standards also requires a company to develop a system for measuring actual results and reporting the differences between actual performance and the established standards. This budgeting process leads to the establishment of specific organizational plans which are then translated into action with varying degrees of efficiency. Statistical analysis, quality controls, and trended data are typically provided to management for assessment and determination of need for corrective action, or by preparing revised plans. While these plans can be either broad, strategic outlines of the company's future or specific and detailed schedules of the inputs and outputs associated with specific independent programs, most business plans are periodic plans; in other words, these plans refer to company operations for a specified period of time. It is these periodic plans which are summarized in a series of projected financial statements, or budgets (Shillinglaw 2004)."
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