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Green Cards, 2006.
This paper examines immigration and the responsibility employers have in correcting or worsening the problem.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses immigration and the application for and issuing of green cards. The paper notes that for those immigrants who do come to the United States to work, each needs a green card in order to have a job, a green card being an identification card that says that the individual has permission to work in the U.S. The paper points out that part of the problem has been that some employers do not pay attention to this requirement.
From the Paper
"The immigration debate has heated up once more, with growing concerns about the number of people entering the country across the border with Mexico, leading to calls for more policing efforts and for the building of a fence to keep illegals out of the country. Studies have shown how the scope of the problem, which has become tied to questions of security, is also often tied to issues of the economy. Some see immigrant workers as a necessary part of the economy, taking jobs that most Americans do not want to take but want done just the same. Others believe that foreign workers only depress wages because they take certain jobs which businesses would have to pay more to get Americans to do. The evidence on this is mixed."
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Green Card Marriages, 2003.
Discusses abuses in the system.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 172.95
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Abstract
Examines fraudulent green card marriages by an alien and a citizen for the sole purpose of a foreigner acquiring citizenship or naturalization. Cites the role of the INS in determining the legitimacy of the marriage, the legal background, and immigration law.
From the Paper
"Every year, over 160,000 citizens of the United States marry foreign-born persons and petition for them to obtain permanent residence in the U.S. Spouses of American ..."
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Green vs. Green, 2004.
Examines the war between environmentalists and corporations in the 1990s.
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
The 1990s, in particular, was a time when environmentalists and nonenvironmentalists came to bitter loggerheads regarding the fate of the earth's natural resources. This paper shows how governments responded to pressure from both sides in a bid to appease the needs of both sides; the Greens demanded the protection of rare species and forests, and the corporations required resources to make a profit and provide employment and food for millions of people.
From the Paper
"Here it is the local Indian traditions of vegetarianism, and non-violence that work toward the tiger?s preservation as a species. The Vice-President of India?s statement underscores the need for local peoples to look toward their own traditions for answers to environmental and other questions. Problems are seen as being imposed from the outside, and thus, to be successful, the solutions must not be viewed in the same way. By appealing to traditional Hindu values, the current Indian government can counter the conflicting claims that some tigers turn man-eater, or that old and weak tigers decimate the small flocks and herds that are among the few possessions of impoverished peasants."
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Smart Cards, 1996.
Presents pros & cons of growing popularity & use of 'smart cards,' point of sale debit/credit cards with microchip technology.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 149.95
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From the Paper
"On the surface, the smart card is a means of gathering up loose change and loose economic threads, and moving toward a cashless society. In the real world, almost everyone carries paper money, coins, credit cards, checks, and the occasional debit card. These are the currently accepted financial instruments used in everyday transactions of money and credit. One or all of these instruments are accepted by whomever we choose to do business with. As the year 2000 draws near, the likelihood exists that stored value cards, often known as smart cards, will all but eclipse the use of small bills and coins (Morrall, 1995)."
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Students and Credit Cards, 2007.
This paper presents a market research survey of students' attitudes towards credit cards.
4,078 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
The paper ascertains the attitudes of students relative to credit cards, examining their attitudes towards their perceived convenience, risk and the extra cost of potential transactions. The analysis includes both the students' and their families' income, the frequency of parents' fights over money and credit cards, specifically, and the number of credit cards carried. The paper discusses the conclusions from this research, that shows the marketing of credit cards for college students, both to their parents and to the students themselves, is extremely effective. The paper explains that credit card companies are successfully imparting the messages of control, ego gratification and the rationalization of emergencies.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Research Issue
Methodology
Analysis of Results
Conclusions/Recommendations
Limitations
Appendices
From the Paper
"Fifty students were given the printed questionnaire and assured complete anonymity and privacy, and also were left alone in classrooms after sessions were over to complete the survey. A $3 Starbucks Card was offered to the first ten students to complete the survey, so that motivation to quickly finish the research instrument would be assured. Graduate-level students were asked to complete the survey during an evening course break. "The sampling focused primarily on business students, with an even mix of women and men in the samples to rule out gender bias in the analysis of the results, a research design advocated by Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1995) in their book."
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Identity Cards, 2004.
A look at the problems associated with issuing identity cards.
1,122 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper points out the numerous opportunities for fraud that would be created if the U.S. government were to mandate the use of identity cards. The paper explains that, while the idea of issuing identity cards came about as a response to the events of 9/11, the ease and ability of creating false identity cards, as evidenced by the number of 9/11 hijackers who held false passports, could actually work against the purpose of identity cards, which is to help keep out potential terrorists.
From the Paper
"Since the attacks by al-Qaeda on the United States on September 11, 2001, both citizens of and officials of our government have considered what we can do to reduce the chance that al-Qaeda could launch another successful attack. We now see long lines at airports as luggage and carry-ons are more thoroughly checked, and travelers are required to show identification multiple times before boarding planes and other public transportation systems (La Londe, 2002). However, because each state sets its own standards for issuance of major methods of identification such as driver?s licenses, some have argued that the United States should issue federally controlled identity cards. In this way we could standardize the documentation required, and have more confidence that they were accurate indications of who the person is."
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Video Cards, 2007.
This paper discusses the evolution and future of computer video cards.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that a video card (also referred to as a graphics card) is an essential part of computer hardware. The paper relates that without these cards, monitors would not display the pixels in a format the human eye could understand. The paper discusses the evolution of the graphics card from simple chips that displayed nothing more than text, to the graphic wonders that can create any detail today. The paper predicts that they will continue to add vivid color, striking details and complex capabilities for computer users far into the future.
Outline:
Abstract
Evolution of the Graphics Card
Future of the Graphics Card
From the Paper
"Graphics cards are essential to the computing we know today. From PDAs to laptops, the graphics card allows the user to play games, create graphics and complex mapping, and even view the world one pixel at a time through programs such as GoogleEarth. Graphics cards have evolved from simple MDAs that only displayed text to complex cards that can render ever more complicated and detailed graphic images. In the future, computer users can expect graphics that are even more detailed, faster memory and interfaces that reduce rendering time, and even better 3D graphics that will allow them to become "part" of the screen."
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Identity Cards, 2004.
Argues that the proposed system of national identity cards in the United States is not infallible.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
Since the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, government officials have considered what can be done to reduce the chance of another successful attack, with some proposing to issue federally controlled identity cards. This paper argues, however, that even our most tightly-controlled document, the passport, isn?t free from use in false identification. While protecting our country from further terrorist attacks is of crucial concern, given our track record, it does not seem likely that our federal government can create an incorruptible system of identification. The paper argues that, for this reason, national identity cards could actually increase our risk of attack, since the terrorists would probably obtain such identity cards as well.
From the Paper
"The argument in favor of national identity cards is of course that we would create systems that circumvent false information being used to obtain them, and that because the need is so great, the necessity is just as great. The critics point to the same evidence, that the hijackers obtained the identification they used to board the planes because of weaknesses in our documentation systems."
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ERG Smart Cards, 2005.
This paper evaluates ERG Smart Cards and describes the technology involved.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a case study of ERG Smart Cards, a company offering the means for widespread use of smart cards. The paper explains that this is a system allowing for monetary value to be loaded onto "smart cards" with embedded microprocessors for recording transactions and calculating changes in value. The paper relates that this sort of technology has been in development for a decade or so and has been pursued by a number of companies, some in association with ERG, some acquired by ERG, and some concentrating on different aspects of the market than ERG.
From the Paper
"ERG Smart Cards is a company offering the means for widespread use of smart cards, a system allowing for monetary value loaded onto "smart cards" with embedded microprocessors for recording transactions and calculating changes in value. This sort of technology has been in development for a decade or so and has been pursued by a number of companies, some in association with ERG, some acquired by ERG and some concentrating on different aspects of the market than ERG. ERG today is in a strong position for the future but is also faced with a reduced stock price because of problems with its association with Motorola, once a linchpin for the company and now a drain on the stock price. CEO Fogarty has to determine whether to continue to pursue the company strategy of concentrating on large-scale projects or chase smaller tenders."
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Credit Cards, 2007.
This paper looks at the lingering effects of the easy availability of credit cards.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
In the first part of this paper, the writer discusses the rise in credit card use and looks at the reasons behind this increase. The writer then examines how the availability of easy credit caused a fundamental shift in American tastes. The writer also evaluates how these trends could affect a consumer's purchasing power, the credit industry, and even the national economy. The writer concludes that a combination of consumerism, economic need and the easy availability of credit have contributed to the revolving debt figures in the US. Further, the writer argues that as more people become knowledgeable about credit and are turning to debit cards and cash, creditors will have to devise new ways to encourage credit spending.
Outline:
Credit History
Credit Aftermath
Economic Effects
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Previous research has suggested that only a small amount of credit-card holding households were responsible for the vast majority of credit card debt. Others have shown that as credit cards became more common forms of payment, average balances increased across the board. The fact that credit cards became more readily available in the early 1990s partly accounts for this phenomenon, and tends to support the latter conclusions. It is far more likely that all people are using credit cards more, rather than merely a fraction of American households."
"Bernthal et al attributes this increase in revolving debt to intense competition among lenders. There was therefore a strong incentive for lenders to extend loans to riskier households. In the 1980s, credit cards were seen as a status symbol, only acquired by those who had disposable income. By 1995, however, the average credit card holder had lower income and was more likely to be single. The average credit card holder was also more likely to rent rather than own their home, worked in a blue collar profession and often carried higher credit card balances."
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"Raftsmen Playing Cards", 2004.
Description and analysis of George Caleb Bingham's painting, "Raftsmen Playing Cards".
1,471 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the artwork, "Raftsmen Playing Cards" by George Caleb Bingham. Specifically, it discusses the historical context and aesthetic effect of the piece and looks at why the work is so appealing.
From the Paper
"This art is clearly American Realism at its best. The minute detail of the figures and the raft, the attention to the riverbank and the misty mountains in the distance, Bingham executes all these details with deftness and a real concern for realism. He has even spent the time to recreate distinct personalities for his river men, which are quite apparent with a close viewing of the painting. There is a dreamlike quality to the surroundings, but the main subjects stand out in stark relief. It is clear they are the main focus of this painting, but they also reveal Bingham's realistic style that followed him throughout his lifetime. At a time when there were no commonly available photographs, Bingham captured scenes as if they were shot with a camera, so that people all over the world could see what life was like on the American frontier. His style is consistent with other realists of the time, who strove to capture scenes as they really were, and depict people as they really looked."
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Credit Cards and the U.S. Middle Class, 2006.
Examines credit card debt in middle-income families in the United States.
4,775 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 26 sources, MLA, AU$ 177.95
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Abstract
Over the past several decades, the American middle class has expanded by hundreds of thousands of households. Record numbers of families, headed by minorities, as well as female-headed households and single individuals have joined the middle class. The paper shows that with this growth and diversity throughout the class, the economy has witnessed record years in spending, especially through the use of credit. This increase in commitments of spending future income has resulted in a class-wide precarious financial position that has heightened their vulnerability to financial ruin. The paper examines the history of credit cards in the United States and shows how this form of payment is affecting the middle class in contemporary American society.
From the Paper
"Now, many credit card companies actually avoid frugal types who use a credit card as a convenience and pay off balances every month. Instead, they statistically look for spenders who have an appetite for debt, are willing to make minimum monthly payments and tolerate high percentage rates and fees. They know that fees for late payments and fees for exceeding a credit limit increase profits. Sometimes an extra like credit protection, coupled with a late charge, is enough to put a customer over his credit limit, thereby giving companies another excuse to levy a charge (Gorham, On-line). The actual sub-prime market, which includes high loan-to-value ratios, includes mortgages, car loans and credit card debt, is "estimated at $200 billion dollars and growing by an estimated 50 percent a year" (Skelly 8)."
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Credit Cards Authorization On the Internet, 1999.
Examines concepts and practices relevant to the feasibility of marketing credit card software to Internet businesses including brand name, loyalty, technology, promotion, attention, price and more.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
Examines concepts and practices relevant to the feasibility of marketing credit card software to Internet businesses.
From the Paper
"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This paper is an analysis of the feasibility of selling a line of credit-card enabling software for companies wishing to do business on the Internet. As a part of this paper, 25 typical marketing definitions are restated to have more power and importance as part of a unified organization.
The concept of unification as opposed to pluralistic is also discussed, along with its benefits of adoption. The paper concludes with an analysis and description of market power and force analysis, using the concept of DADDIE.
The research in this paper reflects the first step of an ADDIE process -- that of analysis. The next step after this analysis would be to design and develop a plan that could be implemented and then evaluated."
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Automatic Fare Cards, 2001.
A paper which studies the difficulties facing the Chicago Transit Authority following the introduction of Automated Payment Systems and a possible solution.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
The Chicago Transit Authority has in the recent past completely abolished all non-electronic forms of payment for travel. This paper analyzes the effects of the introduction of electronic payments and problems that have arisen from their use. These problems include a lawsuit and what is commonly regarded as a poor marketing performance.
From the Paper
"The Chicago Transit Authority oversees public transportation for the city of Chicago. This company manages bus and train lines throughout the city and some nearer suburbs. Any company that deals with the general public must be careful when instituting new policies. Minor changes that, in theory, only affect a minority of customers could turn out to have unwarranted side effects. In many cases putting the right spin on events can make the negative effects much smaller. Proper marketing techniques can be used to fulfill this goal. One of the biggest changes to take place at the CTA was the introduction of electronic fare cards. This system was initiated in the summer of 1996 and has undergone a number of changes from its introduction ."
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The Credit Card Industry, 2005.
This paper is a research project, which studies the credit card industry especial VISA and the effects of the First Data-Concord EFS merger.
12,255 words (approx. 49.0 pages), 36 sources, APA, AU$ 341.95
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Abstract
This paper uses secondary data to analyze the credit card industry along five constructs: (1) Competitive analysis: Porter's Five Forces and PEST analysis, (2) monopoly vs. perfect competition, (3) standardization vs. localization, (4) competition vs. collaboration and (5) revolutionary vs. evolutionary change. The author points out that the existing credit card industry is a mature market, but it still has room to grow as more people become familiar with the allied financial services their credit and debit cards can provide. The paper relates that VISA enjoys the most powerful credit/debit card position in consumer cards especially in business credit cards, with it has extensive and integrated work in payments processing; however, the founders of First Data/Concord EFS were particularly aggressive business people. Many tables and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
In Brief
Background
Flies in the First Data Ointment
Objective
Methodology
Structure of the Dissertation
Literature Review
Competitive analysis
Porter's Five Forces
Porter's Five Forces Example
PEST Analysis
Economic Factors
Socio-Cultural Factors
Technological Factors
Literature Review
Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition
Standardization vs. Localization
National Initiatives
Competition vs. Collaboration
Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Change
Opportunities
Overview of Credit and Debit Card Industries
Top Ten Card Issuers Compared
Bank Card Profitability
Differences between Credit and Debit Cards
U.S. Payment Cards-in-Force (in millions)
Off-Line Debit History
Top 10 U.S. Issuers by Card Loans
Developed vs. Less Developed Nations' Credit Card Use
VISA Volume
2003 Top 10 Countries
Global Financial Cards in Circulation - 2003
Corporate /Commercial vs. Consumer Use
Analysis of VISA's Strategy
VISA's Strengths
VISA's Weaknesses
VISA's Opportunities
VISA's Threats
STP Strategy (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning)
Conclusion
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"From the merchant's point of view, the merger was seen as one that would give them an alternative to VISA and MasterCard. Shortly after the merger, major STAR network contracts with high-profile banks such as Wells Fargo, Wachovia and BankOne were set to expire; this opened the field to some turmoil, in all likelihood, because VISA was already making a play to sign the same institutions for its processing and acceptance capabilities. FirstData/Concord was assumed to have the upper hand, however because analysts thought those two institutions, despite their disparate original sizes, understood contracts of that sort and banks themselves better then VISA. As it turns out, STAR did lose some of its bank contracts, reducing the value of the merger somewhat from the First Data standpoint."
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Smart Card Technology, 2002.
Discusses the adoption of smart cards in the United States.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 21 sources, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
Discusses the adoption of smart cards in the United States. Description of the technology of digital money types including icons and special software, computer chips. Applications of electronic banking. Competitive strategies in the marketing of smart cards. Security issues involving their use. History of smart card use in Europe and Asia. Two Figures.
From the Paper
"SMART CARDS: THE TECHNOLOGY, ITS ADOPTION, COMPETITION IN MARKETING SMART CARDS, AND SECURITY
Introduction
This research examines smart card technology, the adoption smart card technology by transaction card issuers in the United States, competitive strategies in the marketing of smart cards, and security issues involving the use of smart cards. One focus of this research is on the adoption of smart card technology in the United States, as opposed to the introduction of the technology, because the introduction of smart card technology in the United States occurred several years ago. The acceptance of smart cards by consumers and businesses in the United States, however, has been a slow process. The widespread use and general acceptance of smart cards in Europe contrast sharply ..."
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