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Government Failures, 2004.
An overview of government failures in the area of economic development.
876 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses government failures in the area of economic development and considers whether political regimes sometimes put the overall welfare of the nation on the back burner in the face of pressure from interest groups. It looks at how there has been a spate of publications in recent years, which consider whether smaller countries are faced with peculiar disadvantages, making it more difficult for them to reach a level of affluence that is comparable with the largest economies of the world. It also discusses how the main focus of such literature is that, since smaller countries have restricted access to resources, both human and natural, they face an uphill battle to reach the levels of prosperity of nations with large labor forces, or vast stores of natural resources.
From the Paper
"Another recently well-publicized situation, which may be termed ?government failure?, is in the realm of the environment. With much of the world?s air pollution arising in the more affluent developed countries, there has been increasing pressure on the governments of these nations to take concrete steps to either reduce the emissions from their vehicles and factories, or to make the polluters pay for the emissions in the form of increased taxes. Such proposals are generally supported by the citizens of the developed nations, but are unwelcome for the owners of large industrial concerns as well as car makers, as they would seriously increase their costs and hence reduce their profits."
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Government Funding For Public Schools, 2006.
An essay of the myriad of problems in public schools in America and the failure of the U.S. government to adequately address those problems.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the U.S. government has been woefully remiss in addressing the deepening crisis in the public schools. The paper argues that the government's answer is always to throw more money at the educational system in a manner that only tends to deepen the crisis. The paper maintains that the problems with the public school system lay not in the lack of money being provided by the government, but in how the funds are allotted toward public education and the criteria for eligibility of those funds.
From the Paper
"There is a lot of talk today about education, specifically the problems with our Public schools. It seems no matter what the problem, the solution is always to tax the people. The message from Congress to this regard is loud and clear: We like the public school system so much that we'll tax you billions of dollars to pay for it; we'll pass laws to mandate standardized national testing and curriculums; and we'll increase the Department of Education's budget every year. However, they don't like public schools enough to send their children there. Congress thinks Public schools are a great idea for our kids, but not for theirs. The three R's of education are not reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic -- they're retreating, requiring, and rejecting. If Congresspersons aren't willing to risk their own children's futures on a failing public education system why are we?"
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American Government, 2002.
A review of Steven Kelman's book "Making Public Policy".
1,706 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Steven Kelman takes, as he says in the subtitle of his book "Making Public Policy", "A Hopeful View of American Government." It discusses how he notes how Americans have long been torn by conflicting attitudes toward their government, with pride on the one hand and cynicism because of government failures on the other. It analyzes how Kelman's belief is that the pride is the most justified and how he believes that the American government will generally do the right thing and even over time so problem areas do not remain. It looks at how he analyzes his ideas in terms of policy making as a political process, focusing on the federal government but including the state and local manifestations of the same processes.
From the Paper
"Kelman calls politics a framework for analysis, and any given policy can be analyzed in terms of the politics of the formation and implementation of that policy, just as politics serves as the framework against which all policy is formulated. Politics takes place in terms of and through institutions, but its is the participants who actually decide what policy to support, exercise power in the process, develop strategies to make their intentions come to pass, and in the end, combine the different pieces into political choice. While Kelman comes to certain broad conclusions, he also rightly notes, every political encounter is different."
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Project Failures, 2007.
An analysis of possible causes and solutions for information technology project failures.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses major project failures in information technology. It describes possible reasons for project failures and types of project failures that can occur. The paper then discusses how some of these project failures can be avoided and it concludes with the lessons that analysts should be able to learn from past failures, in order to avoid them in the future.
Table of Contents:
Types Information Technology Project Failures
Costs Of Project Failures
Common Causes for Failures
Could Project Failures Have Been Avoided
Important Lessons for Analysts on Project Failures
From the Paper
"Workstar (2003) suggests project managers can help avoid problems by planning better for projects and considering their current systems compared with the functionality new systems may provide. Among the key methods managers and technologists can adopt to prevent problems include: (1) taking time to assess what the goals, aims and objectives of a project are (2) giving responsibility to project managers but also ensuring there is someone to check everything at every step of the project implementation process (3) continuing to modify a plan as the plan is being implemented to account for unexpected realities and (4) focusing on the people that will be using the technology to ensure the technology meets their skills, needs and expectations (Workstar, 2003). Specificity is also vital to a project's success as is adaptability and flexibility from all members of the project team."
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Foreign Direct Investment and Government Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the nature of the control that the Chinese government has over its economy, specifically, over foreign direct investments.
3,104 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly considers the "strong" versus the "weak" state-centered approaches and describes the various institutional arrangements which China instituted for allocating foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at the evolution of China's regional development policy between the late 1970s and the present time. The paper then attempts to correlate the Chinese government's regional policy preferences to the allocation of FDI among the provinces. The paper concludes that the central government has only a limited capacity to compel private groups and local governments to adhere to policies it believes are in the national interest.
Outline:
The State Centered Approaches
Strong and Weak Versions
China: A Weak State-Centered Economy
China and FDI: The Initial Success
The Inability to Control Special Interests
The Lack of Social Embeddedness
The Failure of Redirection of FDI in China
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Does a modern government have the power to direct foreign capital investments, such as foreign direct investment (FDI), to particular regions which the government wishes to see developed? To ask this question is to ask if the politics of economic development in a given country is or is not "state-centered." To say that a nation can impose a state-centered approach to issues of economic development is to say that the government can assert authority over both the population it governs and also over actions that take place within its territory. In the modern world, foreign capital investment in developing countries has raised a serious challenge to the assumption that states do control what goes on within their territory."
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The Prohibition: Morality in the Hands of the Government, 2001.
A look at the history of the government and the prohibitions introduced.
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper provides the history of the Prohibition and examines the reasons for its failure. Includes descriptions of both the ?wets? and the ?drys?, and also looks into various ways in which people cheated the government during this period in history.
From the Paper
"Throughout American history, alcohol has been associated with corruption, immorality, and disrespect for God. People have preached about the evils of drink since Puritan times, eventually igniting the Temperance Movement of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (McWilliams 1). Temperance did not become a political movement, however, until after the Civil War, with the establishment of the ?Women?s War,? a group of middle-class wives and mothers who marched around churches and saloons demanding that alcohol be made illegal, and the Anti-Saloon League, or the ASL (Kleist 3). Formed in 1893, the Anti-Saloon League was the first politically focused temperance movement (Harris 73). With an ultimate goal of national prohibition, the ASL supported candidates who encouraged prohibition and moved for states and individual cities to vote themselves dry before the entire country did (73)."
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Social Economics Application and Policy, 2002.
Market failure and government failure in countries such as Australia.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
A discussion of how the economic questions of social issues are answered. Economic principles and application are also being reinforced through the issues examined. This paper explains the few ways in which these questions are answered. It discusses three distinct types of economies: a market economy, a command economy and a mixed economy. It also identifies the failure of market mechanisms and government failure. This study of different economic systems is relevant in understanding the social issues and related policies. Whether or not government should provide assistance to market where market failure exists. It also discusses the mixture of market mechanism and government intervention in most of the countries today such as Australia.
From the Paper
"Any economy is faced with three basic problems: what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. Moreover, contemporary social issues are imperative and economics principles provide a basic analytical tool useful in understanding of social issues as well as solutions to solve these issues. Broadly speaking, free market economy and command economy are two alternative approaches to these questions. (Materano& Atkinson, 1996:33) There are large difference between the extreme of a pure market economy and a command economy. These two economy systems do not exist in their pure forms in reality. Market failure does occur in certain situations, which is a situation the market economy does not provide well enough answers to the ?what, how and for whom ? questions and there is a role for government to improve the situation. However, even in the case of market failure, the government may do worse than the market, which is called the government failure."
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U.S. Cold War Foreign Policy Failures, 2002.
This paper discusses that the foreign policy failures of the U.S. in Cuba and Vietnam were the results of a foreign policy based on Cold War ideology.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the American failures in Cuba and Vietnam in the 1960s were due in large part to the fear, arrogance and ignorance of Cold War containment policies that developed in the aftermath of World War II. The author believes that the problem was the assumption that all political and economic reform movements in Third World nations were not indigenous but were inspired instead by the evil Communist leaders of the Soviet Union. The author states that once this Cold War policy was in effect, no leader of the U.S. had the courage, wisdom or political independence to try to alter fully that policy.
From the Paper
"Kennedy certainly entered office under the pall of the same Cold War ideology and its containment policy, as evidenced by his "missile gap" rhetoric, his increase of advisors in Vietnam, and the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. It will never be known whether he would have averted a war in Vietnam, but his test-ban treaty with the Soviets, his denunciation of the CIA after the Bay of Pigs disaster, and his plan to withdraw some troops from Vietnam indicate at least a willingness to consider more flexibility in that policy."
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Successes and Failures of the Ford Motor Company, 2002.
A paper which assesses the reasons for the successes and failures of the Ford Motor Company, according to Collins and Porras? text "12 Myths of Successful Businesses" in their book on the subject.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
According to the book "Built To Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies by James Collins and Jerry Porras", the Ford Motor Company is one of the paradigmatic examples of successful enterprise in the American automobile industry. Like the image it has projected of its automobiles, the firm itself is a model of durability and consistency. This paper examines the reasons for the successes and some of the failures of the company according to the principles outlined in Collins and Porras? text, what they call their "12 Myths of Successful Businesses", that are outlined and exploded over the course of the book?s analysis.
From the Paper
"Ford Motors company has produced products that have changed not only the automobile industry but American corporate and popular culture as a whole, including such models as the Model T of the first half of the 20th century and later the Mustang. (Collins and Porras pp. 2-4) ?Innovate, Motivate, Lead,? proclaims the corporate slogan of Ford upon its 100th anniversary as a company. The company pioneered the ?assembly line? system of automobile manufacturing. In this system, the parts and vehicles themselves moved rather the individuals doing the manufacturing. This system enabled the company to manufacture the first automobile, known as the Model T, which was affordable and accessible on a mass scale to ordinary American families."
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Failures of Reconstruction, 2002.
This paper examines failures of the Union during the Reconstruction era.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
Measures such as Special Field Order #15 from General Sherman, the 10% proposal of 1863, and the Black Codes are discussed, as are issues such as the changed economic reality of agriculture without slave labor, and the failure of the North to change attitudes in the South with regards to Blacks and the Union in general.
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Intelligence Failures, 2008.
A look at events in history that have been influenced by intelligence failures.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how intelligence operations are essential for the conduct of foreign policy as well as the protection of the national territory and the preservation of homeland security. The paper explains that since gathering intelligence involves people and is difficult to control, there is always the possibility of failure, as in the Cuban Missile crisis, World War II events that took place at Pearl Harbor and the 9//11 attacks on the World Trade Center.
From the Paper
"One of the moments in contemporary history which is considered to have been influenced by intelligence failure was the Cuban Missile crisis during the Kennedy Administration. More precisely, reports following the actual crisis underlined the lack of proper interpretation of the information on the deployment of the soviet missiles in Cuba which spurred the crisis.
"I chose this particular example because I consider it to be a milestone in the information gathering process seeing the evolution from the pre World War II era (Rohwer, 1999) and, at the same time, it marked an important event in the Cold War era. Following the World War, policies modernized, due to the influx of technology and the increase in the operability of the staff engaged in secret data gathering."
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Failures of Self and Other Control, 2006.
This paper discusses Travis Hirschi's theory with regard to failures of self and other control.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces Travis Hirschi's leading control theory and shifts from social control in the 1960s through to his emphasis on promoting self-control in children after the 1980s. The writer makes reference to other broad theories of juvenile delinquency and refutations of Hirschi in new knowledge of mental illness and also, youth psychopathy. All the same, the writer shows that the answers pertain to instilling self control by which the person avoids perhaps lifelong criminality.
From the Paper
"The notion of control or lack of control is by no means a complete explanation as to why people break the law and become involved in the criminal justice system. In examining the work of Travis Hirschi, one becomes aware of features that seem not to fit with the North American society that he described. An important dimension involves not just why people ignore or violate the law but which persons are apprehended, tried and convicted of assorted crimes. One is left with matters of persons who are criminal in their orientation who do not interact with the justice system."
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Communications Failures, 1990.
This paper discusses the causes of failures in communications on both the organizational and the personal levels. Noise, feedback and listening problems.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 68.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the causes of failure in communications on both the organizational and the personal levels. Communications represent an extremely important element of organizational efficiency. communications in the business setting may be carried out on either a formal or an informal basis. Formal communications relate to the ways in which "an organization, department or supervisor communicates with employees . . . through goals, policies, procedures, rules, the chain of command, meetings, memos, and bulletin boards" (Warrick and Zawacki 283). Informal communications, on the other hand, refer to the personal interactions which may take place between the various members of the organization. In both of these forms of communication, the most important factor is that of effectively transmitting a message. This message may be related ... "
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Democracy and the U.S. Constitution: A Discussion of the Successes and Failures of the Founding Fathers in making an Obtainable Democracy, 2000.
After discussing the successes and failures of the founding fathers, the author of the paper concludes that they mostly did a good job, but disputes that America now has a pure democracy.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 65.95
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From the Paper
" A perfect democracy would be a democracy where everyone- the poor, the rich, the weak, the strong- get to have a say in what the government does. Wherein the supreme power ultimately rests with the people. However, this is not reality. Instead, representative democracy can be defined in two ways: the responsible model and the popular model. In the popular model, ordinary people have a great deal of freedom and ability to participate actively in government. In this type, elections express the popular will and determine policies. Examples of this model include the House of Representatives, the Virginia Plan, and citizen initiatives. In the responsible model, citizens play a more passive role. Government officials have a great deal of freedom to act on the behalf of the country as a whole. Elections here, grant popular consent and determine leaders. Examples of this model are the Senate, the New Jersey Plan, and the Supreme Court. Although the people of the United States live in a democracy that has both popular and responsible elements, democracy here has always been more denoted by the popular model. "
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Napolean's Successes and Failures, 2002.
An analysis of Napolean's failure in Egypt and success in France.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss why Napolean failed in Egypt, in conjunction with his success at home. The paper will give reasons for his failure in Egypt and the events that occurred that brought about his defeat there. The paper will also tell, why at the same, time he was successful at home.
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Failures of American Society, 2001.
Discussion of failure of U.S. to deliver its promises to citizens as recounted in Ron Kovic's "Born on the 4th of July" and Anne Moody's "Coming of Age in Mississippi."
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 57.95
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From the Paper
"The backgrounds and experiences of Ron Kovic, as recounted in his book Born on the Fourth of July, and Anne Moody, told in her book Coming of Age in Mississippi, are quite different, yet both are radicalized as they find gaps in American society and in the failure of that society to deliver on its promises to its citizens.
"Ron Kovic grew up in Massapequa, New York, a while boy in a white neighborhood in the 1950s, an era looked back on with nostalgia by many, including Kovic himself. His father was a checker in a supermarket. Kovic remembers trips to the city, movies he saw, the thrill of hearing about early space explorations, and other events of the 1950s and early 1960s. Kovic's story divides around his own physical state -- his childhood was a time of athletics, while much later he is bound..."
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