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Global Debt Crises, 2005.
Explains why the political economy approach is the correct one to use when explaining global debt crises.
5,913 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 21 sources, MLA, AU$ 227.95
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Abstract
Three times in the past two decades we have seen an economic crisis hit developing countries. These were the debt crisis in the 1980s, the Tequila Crisis in 1994-1995, and the Asian Crisis that started in 1997. Each of these had impacts that affected other countries as well. This paper looks at the ways in which such crises start and possible means to determine which countries are susceptible to them. The ways in which this type of crisis spreads is also examined, since it appears that the same methods of determining whether a country might be the source of such a problem can also show if a country is open to contagion in the event a crisis does occur in another country. The paper begins by looking at some of the events involved in the three crises discussed. Only the latest crisis-in Asia-is discussed in detail. The two prevailing hypotheses to explain these events are then discussed with their shortcomings. One interpretation is that the governments are to blame. This outlook claims that the latest crisis-in Asia-is the result of weak government regulations and strong government guarantees. This also leads straight into the moral hazard theory. The other side focuses on economics and claims that fragile markets in the region can allow a crisis in one market to trigger a panic and financial collapse in others. In the case of the Asian crisis this is traced back to Thailand. It is shown that by putting these two hypotheses together, rather than trying to keep them mutually exclusive, a more cohesive picture-and hypothesis-can be created. Information concerning the three crises examined is shown to be more readily explained by using the approaches together rather than separately.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
A Brief Look at Three Debt Crises
A Look at Prevailing Theories and Problems with Them
Tying the Two Approaches Together
Contagion
Conclusion and Comments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Financial system reform is another area in which the realms of government and economics are clearly linked. Such reforms are virtually always the result of government action and not due to the efforts of business and industry. In fact, these reforms are often done despite the desires of the various sectors of commerce. The IMF again gives us striking examples of this. The conditions the IMF places on loans frequently require that a government take actions that will affect the economy. That is, in fact, the rationale behind the conditions."
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Interest Rates, Commodity Prices and Debt Crises in Latin America, 2002.
A comparison of the economic performances of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico over the 1990s.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper will explore how Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico have fared in this turbulent environment. Over the 1990s, each of these country's experienced major shifts in their economic structures. All experienced debt crises, high inflation, high interest rates, and high dependence on commodity exports. However, we do see some differences between their economic performance. Through an empirical analysis that looks at the role of interest rates, commodity prices, and each country's real experiences with debt crises, this paper will provide ideas on how these economic phenomenon are linked in Latin America. An appendix of raw data is included.
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Public Debt vs. Federal Debt, 2002.
A comparison of what public debt is vs. what federal debt is, and how it affects the economy.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the government is just as effected at the economic crisis at the public and how both sections of the economy have been thrown into debt. The paper examines the differences between these two types of debts and discusses ways that the government can change policies and introduce reforms in order to end this cycle.
From the Paper
"The gross Federal debt is divided into two categories: debt held by the public, and debt the government owes itself. The first category, public debt, is the total of all federal deficits, minus surpluses, over the years. This is the money that the Federal Government has borrowed from the public, such as notes and bonds of varying sizes and time periods. This debt is held by individuals, corporations, state or local governments, foreign governments, and other entities outside of the US government. This does not include Federal Financing Bank securities. (A side note here: the Federal Financing Bank was established to ?consolidate and reduce the governments cost of financing a variety of federal agencies and other borrowers whose obligations are guaranteed by the Federal Government?.) (Public Debt Online) "
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Housing Crises - Problems and Prospects, 2005.
Reflections on the global housing crises and the measures taken to alleviate the problem.
2,314 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
A good home is clearly a basic human need. This fact is clearly stated in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human rights adopted by the United Nations Organization (UNO) in 1948. This paper examines both the causes of the global hosing crises and its impact on the environment as well as on the health of the people. Also examined in this paper are the steps taken to address this global problem in various countries. Outline Introduction Causes of the Global Housing Crises Population Growth Urbanization Natural and Political Disasters Poverty and Economic Stagnation The Impact of the Global Housing Crises Poor Housing and Health Poor Housing and Environmental Pollution
From the Paper
"The economic situation in a country could also affect the state of housing in that country. In some countries, a lot of people are so poor that they could barely afford the basic necessities of life such as food and clothing. It is thus an uphill task for people under this category to afford descent living places. High interest rates and inflation push bank loan payments far out of reach of many families, and soaring utility costs make it difficult for people to get ahead. Unemployment rates as high as 20 per cent in some lands make it almost impossible to make ends meet. These and other factors has forced hundreds of millions in every corner of the earth to settle for substandard housing. People live in old buses, shipping containers, and cardboard boxes. "
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The Currency Crises, 2005.
A review of several articles about the currency crises.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews ten articles on the currency crises of the past 20 years. The paper examines the global impact a crisis in one country or area has on the world, such as the Asian currency crisis of the 1990s, and discusses the notion that currency crises are self-fulfilling. The paper also looks at whether currency crises are predictable.
From the Paper
"Currency crises have gained much attention in the past years because they have apparently occurred with greater frequency than in the past or perhaps because the global nature of today's financial markets make a currency crisis in one nation a concern around the world. Increasingly, currency stability is of interest to more than just economists and policy makers, with companies and individual investors noting the movement or stability of various currencies with interest .These are not necessarily new stakeholders with regard to..."
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Low-Intensity Crises, 2008.
This paper investigates two low-intensity crises; the London smog of 1952 and the Swiss Sandoz Ltd fire of 1986.
3,072 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the London smog of 5-8 December, 1952 and the fire at Sandoz Ltd, Switzerland, during November, 1986 and the identification and management of these disasters. The paper reveals the consequences and lessons learned from these crises and shows how events like these often result in large-scale losses of either human life, assets or ecological harmony. The paper emphasizes that in terms of future crisis management, it is crucial to investigate such crises of the past and learn from our past mistakes.
Outline:
London Smog
The Fire at Sandoz Ltd.
From the Paper
"The world in which we live has become increasingly industrial, technological, and digital. As such, many hazards present themselves in terms of phenomena such as pollution and its effects. As a result, unforeseen events might occur that result in low-intensity crises. The way in which these are identified, monitored and managed can mean the difference between life and death, and also the difference between tens or thousands of injured persons. In terms of future crisis management, it is also crucial to investigate crises of the past. This will ensure that past mistakes will not be repeated, and that lessons will be implemented for future improvement of crisis management systems."
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Toronto?s Tourism Industry: Recovery from Crises, 2004.
An analysis of Toronto's 2003 crises and methods of recovery to reaffirm the city as a top tourism destination.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how during 2003, Toronto?s tourism and hospitality industry was significantly hampered by four major crises: An outbreak of SARS, West Nile Virus, Mad Cow disease and an electrical blackout. It discusses how although every individual within the Greater Toronto area (GTA) was affected in some manner, the tourism industry was the most radically influenced and how the cumulative onslaught of the aforementioned events drastically reduced the number of visitors to the once thriving metropolis and threatened the livelihood of the city. It details the issues encountered by Toronto?s tourism industry during 2003 and the recovery methods that were instituted in order to endorse the city as an attractive tourism destination.
From the Paper
"In order to regain the trust of travellers, positive advertising campaigns were initiated through mass mediums to the general public to highlight the positive elements that Toronto had to offer. The majority of the campaigns launched throughout the city were aimed at promoting Toronto through two key marketing concepts. These included (1) product bundling - offering a complete package to consumers at a reduced rate, and (2) reduced pricing - discounts placed upon specific offerings of the tourism sector. These concepts were based upon a loss-leader marketing strategy, whereby a very low price is charged for a product or service to entice customers into subsequently purchasing higher cost items. Mirvish Productions initiated one of the first examples of product bundling."
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Walt Whitman: Crises Resolution through Verse, 2004.
This paper looks at three of Whitman?s poems as being reflective of crises in his life.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes three of Walt Whitman's poems and parallels them to various crises he experienced in his personal life. The poems analyzed are "When Lilacs Last in Dooryard Bloom'd"; ?O Living Always, Always Dying"and "Calamus-Leaves".
From the Paper
"Walt Whitman was a revolutionary poet of his time in terms of the free-verse style of his poetry and the fundamental yet sensitive issues he chose to elaborate. Like all poets his works can be seen to evolve and mirror various facets of his character and experiences in life. Whitman?s life was a rich mixture of traditional values and free-spirited ideas. His impassioned belief in democracy and nationalistic feeling were driving forces in his life. His love of nature and both the human body and spirit are depicted in his verse. (Kaplan 1980)"
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North Korea Crises, 2004.
A discussion of the political crises facing the regions of North and South Korea.
1,756 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the crises on the Korean Peninsula, focusing on the tension caused by North Korea as a result of its conducting a nuclear weapons program. The paper also illustrates the conditions that led to the critical condition on the Korean peninsula. This paper also highlights the reaction of countries, such as the United States, China, Japan, and South Korea towards North Korea?s nuclear weapons development.
From the Paper
"While the United States worries about the deadly nuclear weapons created by North Korea, South Korea on the other hand is perturbed about North Korea?s economic conditions and the possibility of troop demobilization on both sides of the Demilitarized Zone. North Korea posses the following problems to the international communities, namely its determination to follow its own path to development renders the society nearly impervious to foreign advice and assistance. The array of institutions and processes which have been available to most other developing countries has been largely rejected by Pyongyang."
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Urban Crises in American in the Sixties, 2002.
Critical review of "City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States" by Ira Katznelson.
1,202 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical review of Ira Katznelson's definition of urban crises, his account of the class order and group relations in America and the solutions he offers for the urban crises in America.
From the Paper
"Katznelson doesn?t start by examining the heterogenous, working-class Washington Heights-Inwood community which he studies in the rest of the book. Rather he discusses the development of the working class in the period after rapid industrialization in eighteenth century London. He says that one of the main aspects of the new industrialized order was ?a new kind of social crisis that was associated with the emergence of a cycle of boom and bust? (43). Work and community began to separate, greatly altering economic and social experience. At work, people saw themselves primarily as laborers whereas at home they saw themselves primarily through ethnic and territorial lenses."
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Saddam Hussein, Kuwait, and the Gulf Crises, 2008.
A look at some of the issues leading up to Desert Storm.
4,686 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 194.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses some of the issues that led up to Desert Storm, and delves into the Gulf crisis from an historical and political point of view - and from the perspective of the United States (including those of George Herbert Walker Bush and George W. Bush).
Outline:
A Brief Look at the Late Dictator
Why Hussein went into Kuwait
Powell Assertion Number One
Powell Assertion Number Two
Powell Assertion Number Three
Powell Assertion Number Four
Powell Assertion Number Five
From the Paper
"During the last two decades or so of Saddam's life, he was known as "the madman of the Middle East" in some Western circles, but journalist Jerrold M. Post, writing in the journal Political Psychology, asserts that there is "no evidence that he [was] suffering from a psychotic disorder." That having been said, Post added that while Hussein was "psychologically in touch with reality," he was frequently politically "out of touch with reality" (Post 284) and had a worldview that was "narrow and distorted." Moreover, he was a "ruthless political calculator" who went to "whatever lengths are necessary to achieve his goals.
"Post explains that the crisis created when Saddam's armies invaded Kuwait provided him with "the opportunity to defy the hated outsiders, a strong value in his Ba'th ideology" (Post 286). Saddam enjoyed casting the conflict as a "struggle between two gladiators," Post wrote; those two were "Saddam Hussein vs. George Bush."
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The Stock Market and Crises, 2004.
An examination of the effects caused to the stock market following 9/11 and the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the difference between the economic after-effects of the September 11th attacks and the effects of another crucial historical event of the last century, the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The paper focuses specifically on the changes in the stock market following these events. The paper contends that the economic aftermath of 9/11 was worse than that after the Kennedy assassination.
From the Paper
"Comparatively the results on the stock market, after nine-eleven and the Kennedy Assassination were similar in many ways namely, both event aftermaths include stock decline in many areas, and are preceded by economic recession. Yet, in additional to the similarities of the two the main and most substantial difference, with regard to exchange effects are the relative location of events in the nine-eleven events causing the temporary though significant close of the New York Stock Exchange for a history making period of time, the stocks faltering in very specific and important industries in addition to overall and the international and national outcry for the importance of a quick recovery to avoid an all out crash, something not expected in the aftermath of the assassination event."
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Crises In Russia In 1998, 1999.
Examines the major political shake-ups, Yeltsin's appointments and struggle with State Duma, the economic crisis and the U.S. policy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
"Critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods.
From the Paper
"Critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods. Many of these problems might have developed in any case. At the same time, in spite of these problems, it would seem that the move to a capitalist economy is not likely to change unless the masses become even more disenchanted with the system than they are now. The communists tried to appeal to voter discontent in the recent election and failed. The people may decry aspects of the new market economy, but they are still dedicated both to reform and to stability. Continuing down the road to reform is seen as a way of maintaining stability, and any change in direction is seen as dangerous. Capitalism in some form ..."
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Economic Crises Of 1980s, 1999.
Examines causes and effects of the bank crashes, deregulation, oil prices and OPEC, the rise of Japan as a global economic power and the auto industry (focusing on Ford).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, the popular myth held that America would lead the world into the "postindustrial age" and that in the future American competitive strength would be based on service industries. During the 1980s, the American business community began to see itself as failing to keep pace with developments elsewhere, notably in Japan.
From the Paper
"In the early 1980s, the popular myth held that America would lead the world into the "postindustrial age" and that in the future American competitive strength would be based on service industries. During the 1980s, the American business community began to see itself as failing to keep pace with developments elsewhere, notably in Japan, allowing the Japanese economy to move ahead of the American economy in some ways. Another issue raised in the 1980s was the inflated situation of the savings and loan industry, leading to the failures of many savings and loan institutions and even banks. This was also an era in which corporate raiders developed new ways of taking over companies, issued inflated stocks and developed other schemes that would lead to a crackdown, and challenged the viability of the U.S. economy in other ways as well."
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Crises In The Navy, 1996.
Examines problems of sexism, Tailhook scandal, minority issues, poor leadership, disaster relief, environmental damage.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 102.95
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From the Paper
"The scandal of sexual assault and harassment at the 1991 Las Vegas Tailhook convention brought the United States Navy's problems to public attention. But rampant sexism and other abuses had gone on for some time and the Navy's response to the incidents was even more informative than the incident itself. Dismissing charges offhandedly, lying, failure to investigate, and cover-ups constituted the basis of the response. Overall the Navy's problems have clearly resolved themselves into a picture of failure of leadership. The ethical question of the greatest importance is not the responsibility of every individual member of the service who commits illegal acts, though they are serious in themselves. Instead the problem is that those who are mandated to lead are abusing their positions in acts that signal a desire for self-preservation but are, in the longer run..."
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French Historical Crises, 1996.
Examines threats to French Republic's stability posed by Dreyfuss Affair (1890s), Cartel des Gauches (1920s) & Popular Front (1934).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
The French Republic has been threatened most directly in this century by domestic conservative forces. Three major confrontations demonstrating this fact can be identified as the Dreyfus Affair, the Cartel des Gauches in the early 1920s, and the Popular Front in 1934. These three incidents can be seen as evidence that the Republic at the time was radical and was courting a radical political agenda.
The Dreyfus affair involved the false accusation, trial, and imprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus for having supposedly revealed certain military secrets to Germany. One of the most troubling aspects of the Dreyfus affair was the possibility that it involved anti-Semitism, for Dreyfus was Jewish. The degree of anti-Semitism involved has been argued for some time. The affair began with an error on the part of a military court when it
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