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Global Competition in the Paper Industry, 2002.
The paper explores the concept of "global" industry and why the paper industry has failed to globalize.
3,713 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
The writer gives a history of the struggles of the paper industry in the 1990s in America. The paper attempts to explain why this slowdown has contributed to the difficulty faced by the paper industry in attempting to work on a global scale.
From the Paper
"The 1990?s were difficult overall for the pulp and paper industry; beginning with a four year recession, climbing again by 1995 when high production resulted in high world-wide inventories leading to a drop in paper prices. Currently the industry is battle-scarred and cautious, at the whim of cyclic forces, major capital costs and secular market changes. Pulp and paper mills, like all manufacturing plants, are special use properties, whose value can be deeply impacted by business cycles and other factors. (Pulp & Paper, January 1999.)"
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Global Competition, 2006.
Discusses the threats to U.S. economic supremacy in the global economy.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the threats to U.S. economic supremacy in the global economy and the issues that the U.S. needs to deal with in order to remain supreme. It looks at the challenge to American economic supremacy by Asian economies.
From the Paper
"The United States has been economically and technologically throughout the world for over years maintaining its economic edge by inventing and exploiting new technologies better and faster than any other country..."
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Globalization and Economic Development, 2002.
This paper discussed the effect of globalization on business competition by changing the requirements and increasing the degree of competition.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that if a country has the human capital and technology, it will have a competitive advantage and will be able successfully to expand globally. The paper points out that business success is no longer based on manufacturing but rather on human capital, determined by the training and education people. The author analyzes the effect of globalization on the economic situation of four countries: Japan and Germany were both impacted in a positive way but Saudi Arabia and Indonesia were both impacted in a negative way.
From the Paper
"The first country that will be considered is Japan. Japan is a country whose situation has improved because of globalization. Japan has successfully marketed their products to the world, and are considered the global leader in the automobile market. Once source notes that Japanese vehicles have been so successful in Europe and America that they have almost eliminated the motorcycle industry. Other Japanese products that have achieved widespread international success include cameras, watches, televisions and other entertainment products. It is important to note that while many of these products are manufactured in Japan, it is not the manufacturing itself that adds value. Instead, Japan has been successful in developing systems and technology to manufacture efficiently and cost-effectively. As one source notes, "Japan's industrial production almost tripled between 1965 and 1985, while consumption of energy and raw materials hardly increased." In short, Japan's success is based on technology and human skill, not on the labor process itself. This gives Japan a significant competitive advantage and has allowed them to operate effectively in the global market."
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International Competition Policy, 2004.
Analysis of global competition issues and government responses and the impact it all has on businesses and consumers worldwide.
12,039 words (approx. 48.2 pages), 41 sources, APA, AU$ 375.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a look at the evolution of international competition policy, then focuses on the promotion of competition in worldwide markets and the role of inter-government cooperation in setting the policy environment for better and more productive, as well as fair, competition. It examines efforts being made to address the perceived risk that the conduct of some private businesses may reduce competition and potentially undermine government actions to promote competition (e.g., trade liberalization and deregulation). It includes a look at the adoption of both EU-level and national-level competition laws, which target anti-competitive business conduct resulting largely from US advocacy, and the importance attached to competition law in the context of EU membership. Finally, the potential role of the WTO is discussed.
Evolution of International Competition Policy
Promotion of Competition in World Markets
Role of Inter-Governmental Cooperation in Setting Policy
Private Business Practices That Reduce Competition
National vs. EU-Level Competition Laws
Role of the WTO
From the Paper
"Economic interdependence among countries across the globe has increased sharply in the past fifty years. This international economic interdependence has made vast contributions to greatly improved standards of living for most countries. Ongoing international economic integration bears the promise of further and larger benefits. However, the increasing sensitivity of national economies to events and policies that originate beyond their borders creates dilemmas and pitfalls that may prove to be disastrous if national policies and international cooperation are less than well managed."
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"On Competition", 2001.
This paper analyzes Michael E. Porter?s view of the business world as outlined in "On Competition", a collection of his works that examines the Hobbesian nature of the international economy.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Michael E. Porter?s book "On Competition", a collection of his works that details the international economy. Porter's work has defined our fundamental understanding of competition and competitive strategy. His book is organized around three primary categories: Competition and Strategy: Core Concepts, The Competitiveness of Location, and Competitive Solutions to Societal Problems.The first section of the essay collection takes on competitive strategy, evaluating strategies and weaknesses for business, while the second addresses the role of location in competition experienced by government entities. Porter also analyses a number of sectors of the economy using his criterion of competition from what makes some global companies work to the relationship between business success and environmental regulation.
From the Paper
"It isn?t only that there isn?t any free lunch. But while you?re shelling out hard-earned bucks for your repast someone else is pushing their way ahead of you, probably egged on by people you thought were your friends. At least that?s Michael E. Porter?s view of the business world as outlined in On Competition, a collection of his works that examines the Hobbesian nature of the international economy. The credentials that Porter brings to this project are impressive: a Harvard Business School professor, Porter is one of the most respected and innovative economists of his time. The author of 15 books, he advises both elected officials and business leaders in all parts of the world."
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Society and Competition in Sports, 2002.
A report examining the link with a focus on competition in sport and what effect overemphasizing competition in sport can have on society.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
The following paper begins by describing the link between sport and society. It then moves on to discuss competition as essential to sport. This is followed by a discussion of the link between society and competition. Perspectives on overemphasizing sport will then be given as well as a discussion on the value of sport to society. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the problems that result when competition in sport is overemphasized.
From the Paper
?Sport can be identified as an important part of society, often reflecting the values of society. Christopher Bates Doob in Sociology: An Introduction notes how sports stars are idolized, being seen as the ultimate models of success, with Michael Jordan, Shaquille O?Neal and Charles Barkley being given as examples, with it being noted that these sports stars are famous, wealthy and widely marketed. The impact of sports on people is largely related to identity and to the process of people identifying with sports people. In the Olympics, country competes against country, with spectators of a country cheering for their own and reacting as if they have won when the athlete wins. The reality is that the spectator has no relationship with the athlete except that they share a common culture. Logically, this seems absurd that the spectator would register a win because the athlete wins. This shows the way that people associate with the sports person and the way their actions impact directly on the spectator. It also shows just how much sport means to an individual. The same can be applied to town against town sports, or university against university sports. In all cases, the spectator identifies with a certain side and this gives the sport meaning to them.?
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Competition, 2002.
An overview of several important concepts of microeconomics relating to competition.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the two types of competition, perfect and imperfect competition, as well as the various concepts regarded as subdivisions of these concepts. The paper also examines Michael Porter?s five forces model, which is based on these economic concepts of competition. It shows how Porter offers an insight into the intensity of competition and focuses on the factors that affect rivalry between firms in any industry.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Perfect Competition
Oligopoly
Monopolistic Competition
Porter's Five Forces Model
Barriers to Entry
Rivalry
Consumer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Advantage
References
From the Paper
"Porter explains that barriers to entry play an important role in determining the intensity of competition within an industry. When few players exist and there are high restrictions placed on the entry of the new firm, the existing companies might become less competitive as they are certain of their market share and feel that no new entrant can threaten their position. On the other hand, if there are no barriers, competition can be absolutely intense, giving rise to extreme rivalry and constant change in prices or marketing strategies. Barriers can range from government restrictions to inherent limitations such as high cost of machinery or equipment needed for that business etc."
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Monopolistic Competition and the Oligopoly, 2008.
This paper discusses the competitive free market, monopolistic competition and the oligopoly.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the pure competitive market, which does not exist in practice and the near monopoly market, which is the rule rather than the exception. The paper explains that most free markets today function within the extremes of pure monopolies and the oligopoly that are both harmful to the consumer and the free market.
Outline:
Overview
The Competitive Environment
Pure Competition
Monopolistic Competition
The Oligopoly
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Early economic theory was based on an antiquated understanding of how economics functions with respect to the consumer. Early theorists believed that the free market competition would be based on numerous competitors that sold the same types of items and competed solely on the basis of price (Sweezy, 2004). In fact, this model was overly simplistic and did not account for consumer behavior much less the ability of businesses of all sizes to innovate, differentiate, and artificially stimulate demand in the consumer market. Businesses have developed very refined abilities to sell and market their products and products and services have become highly individualized in order to capture market share. Competition in the contemporary free market has evolved into a much more complex entity than these early theorists such as Adam Smith conceived of."
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Competition, 2002.
An overview of the concept of competition in the business world.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
To the person on the street, the concept of competition is easy to understand. It is basically two businesses battling it out in the marketplace for the customer. However, behind the scenes, things are more complex, with organizations trying to achieve competitive advantages and multiple forces pulling organizations in different competitive directions. The invisible hand of economics continues to work hard to make market places achieve equilibrium, however dynamic.
This paper discusses some of these factors, using three popular concepts of competition: forms of competition, three types of competitive advantage and Porters five forces model of competitive advantage.
From the Paper
"Every corporation would like to have competitive advantage. History has shown that different organizations have tried to achieve competitive advantage in different ways. We live in a culture of ?quarterly financial statement targets?. Hence it is easy to forget that a corporation needs to have not just a competitive advantage but a sustainable competitive advantage. Note that for short periods of time, there can be an innumerable source of competitive advantages, but many of them might be difficult to sustain. Because of this reason, scholars have identified the following three as major types of competitive advantages."
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Microsoft and Competition, 2002.
Discusses how Microsoft keeps ahead of its competition, using Adrian J. Slywotsky's book "Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition" as a reference.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper shall examine the book, "Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition" by Adrian J. Slywotsky in respect to the business Microsoft. The strategies describes by Slywotsky in his book are demonstrated by Microsoft in 1996, which can be considered the beginning of true corporate power for Microsoft.
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Competition in the Banking Industry, 2008.
A discussion on whether competition in banking can be considered good or bad and to what extent should it be limited and controlled.
1,959 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to show the objectives and positive impacts of competition in banking and tries to analyze the negative impacts by explaining the reasons why competition can have bad repercussions on the banking system. The paper also discusses to what extent competition should be limited and controlled.
Outline:
Introduction
Positive Effects of Competition in the Banking Industry
Negative Effects of Competition in the Banking Industry
Control and Limits to Impose To Competition in Banking
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Competition in banking can be beneficial for the clients. Indeed, the bank industry must be considered by the same way we consider any other industries. Every client is specific because he has his own needs in terms of banking demand, which are different from another one's. In this case, competition is a good means to diversify the supply among banks. A banking product does not exist, it is a group of characteristics such as a remunerated account or not, with banking charges or not, other banking services or not, ... etc. Competition in banking consists in providing the clients with the most customised service in order to better meet their needs. In this case, if the service provided by a bank does not suit the client's needs, nothing can prevent him from changing his bank to find the most adapted characteristics he is looking for. This is quite an important goal of the banking competition."
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Competition in the Workplace, 2006.
An examination of the benefits and disadvantages of the existence of competition in the workplace.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
The definition of competition is, in its simplest form, rivalry. We often hear the word used in sports, among siblings, and in business. One retail store may see another one as its competition for new or existing customers. Competition also occurs in an office setting among workers. This paper examines how rivalry amongst workers can have its benefits although it can also create a negative environment in the workplace. Outline Introduction Top Quality Management Skills Shortage Work and Personal Styles Competition for Company Benefits Downsizing Full time vs Temporary Staff Conclusion Bibliography
From the Paper
"Competition can occur under normal, every day circumstances in the work place. The reason for this competition is the variety of personalities and work styles that exist in a group of people. Some people are detail oriented, highly organized and have introverted personalities. Others are the planners and people with vision with extroverted personalities. There will always be a form of competition between the two groups simply because one work style is different from the other. The visionary is always going to compete with the detail person, trying to keep up with his/her abilities to see every little item. "
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Monopolies, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopolies, 2001.
This paper answers five questions on monopolies, monopolistic competition, and oligopolies in terms of the Microsoft case based on the text by Schiller "The Macro Economy Today".
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper is structured as five questions about monopolies, monopolistic competition, and oligopolies, based on the Microsoft situation, and whether or not it is a monopoly. The required text is "The Macro Economy Today", by Bradley R. Schiller. The first question covers the Microsoft current situation and its history. The second question defines a monopoly, the third question covers the situation of oligopoly as applied to the Microsoft situation, and the fourth question pertains to the condition of monopolistic competition as relevant to the Microsoft case. Finally, the fifth question looks at deregulation of the Microsoft. This paper is a useful resource material on the subject of Microsoft and monopolies.
Table of contents
I. Introduction
II. Answer 1: Microsoft?s history and current situation regarding the monopoly issue.
III. Answer 3: A concept from the chapter Oligopoly? to the Microsoft situation:
IV. Answer 4: Monopolistic competition in Microsoft?s situation
V. Answer 5: Deregulation of businesses in Microsoft?s situation:
From the Paper
"Answer 1: Microsoft?s history and current situation regarding the monopoly issue.
The case against Microsoft started back in the early 1990. The first major issue, which started it all, was the fact that Microsoft was that Microsoft had been using its powers in the operating system market to force computer manufacturers to put its Internet Explorer on all personal computers on which they installed the windows operating system. This was making it very hard for other smaller players, such as Netscape, who also had an Internet browser to compete. This was just one of the many things that Microsoft was said to be doing wrong. The antitrust case by the US Department of Justice against Microsoft was accusing Microsoft of firstly, thwarting competitors in the operating system market, by making banners of entry in the market. These include exclusive bargain purchase agreements with all, or most major computer manufacturers. It also accused Microsoft of using its monopoly position in the marketplace to gain unfair advantages in the marketplace. Also, a trend was that Microsoft was also accused in this case of buying out competitors. "
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Competition Policies of APEC Member Countries, 2007.
An analysis of competition laws in the United States, Japan, Singapore, the Philippines and Australia.
3,283 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the competition policies of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member countries. The paper defines the competition policies and discusses their intentions and then looks at the specific US laws, which include both general competition laws and sector-specific laws and regulations. The paper then goes on to discuss the laws in Japan, Singapore, the Philippines and Australia.
Table of Contents:
United States
Japan
Singapore
Philippines
Australia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In general, competitive markets provide strong incentives for achieving economic efficiency. Market forces ensure that goods consumers want are produced in the quantities they want, using the most efficient production methods and are marketed and distributed to consumers who wish to purchase them in the most efficient means possible. In addition, competitive market forces provide incentives for efficient levels of investment in discovering new production technologies, new production processes and new products. Also, competition law/policy would ensure that consumers will enjoy greater benefits in terms of wider choices and better quality goods and services at competitive prices. In creating these competition policies, some format or elements are present in these. These act as the policies blue print which allows for more uniform policies among countries. Also, these elements are considered to be the main formula for making an effective list of policies of a country. An effective competition policy must have the following elements: policy towards monopoly; policy towards mergers; policy towards restrictive and anti-competitive practices; policy towards state entry barriers; and policy towards consumer protection."
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European Commission Competition Law, 2005.
This paper provides a critical assessment of the development of the essential facilities doctrine in European Commission (EC) competition law.
2,581 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by establishing the context and framework within which the doctrine of "essential facilities" operates, as part of the general principles of 'refusal to supply' market abuse by dominant undertakings under Article 82 of the competition law. The writer then analyses the precise nature of the relationship between the two through discussion of relevant case-law. The writer then considers the origins of the doctrine in EC competition law, which has been closely linked with the liberalisation of the transport and utilities sectors. Key criticisms of the doctrine are then considered, and finally relevant conclusions regarding its development are made.
From the Paper
"Following this, it may be seen that the general application of the refusal to supply principle is sufficient by itself to deal with this particular form of Article 82 abuse, and as such there is no need for a doctrine of essential facilities. It is clear that some commentators subscribe to this idea, whilst others disagree; Temple Lang for one considered that the notion of an essential facilities doctrine was of absolute necessity in facilitating competition in the telecommunications sector by providing access to the publicly owned infrastructure, where there existed no actual trade or access negotiation as a result of conferred monopoly rights. Additionally, the fact that the refusal to supply doctrine can be used in situations where the supply is not actually 'essential' because of the existence of alternate sources (but necessary to maintain effective competition) makes it appear sensible to have a somewhat separate principle that can be applied in those circumstances where access to a facility is fundamentally essential to an undertaking."
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Competition in the Movie Theater Industry, 2001.
This paper examines John Keynes? theory of the nature of competition through the movie theater industry.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper observes the movie theaters marketplace for facts in the nature of competition and the idea of ?perfect competition?, a concept rooted in the work of John Maynard Keynes. It examines the concept of equilibrium in the marketplace and traditional economic theory.
From the Paper
"When we decide to go see our third viewing of ?The Mummy Returns? we?re usually more concerned with what time the next show is than with what movie theaters ? with their 6-dollar tubs of popcorn ? can tell us about the nature of economic competition. However, the movie theater business is ? like all arenas of economic activity ? capable of telling us something about the structure of a particular market place, the history of that commodity or service and the nature of competition in that particular market place. Movie theaters can tell us something the nature of competition and indeed about the nature of the idea of ?perfect competition?, a concept with roots in the work of John Maynard Keynes and his questions about the concept of equilibrium in the marketplace. Traditional economic theory assumed that a group of producers operated in a perfect market for any given commodity with each producing only a small part of the whole supply. Thus, for each producer (and for each commodity) the price was determined by the market. Each producer maximized its profits by selling only as much as would make marginal cost equal to price, in other words, each producer would produce exactly the amount that, if any more were to be produced that the additional product would add more to costs than it would to profits (MacHovec, 1995, p. 38). Each producer of any commodity (whether widgets or blockbusters) thus worked to capacity, to the point where profitability was limited by rising costs (MacHover, 1995, p. 42)."
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