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Global Child Labor Practices, 1999.
Examines labor abuses of children, provisions and effectiveness of laws, protective organizations, treaties, rationale for, examples, economics and public scrutiny.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
Introduction
When people think of problems with child labor, they do not think of the United States anymore. The United States has laws that establish how children must be to perform certain kinds of work, and those laws are strictly enforced. The new face of child labor involves children from developing countries, often children who are working in factories to create goods that are then sold to consumers in the United States. Rugs, soccer balls, clothing all of these have been in the news because of the exploitative child labor practices of the suppliers and producers of these products.
From the Paper
"Global Child Labor Practices
Introduction
When people think of problems with child labor, they do not think of the United States anymore. The United States has laws that establish how children must be to perform certain kinds of work, and those laws are strictly enforced. The new face of child labor involves children from developing countries, often children who are working in factories to create goods that are then sold to consumers in the United States. Rugs, soccer balls, clothing all of these have been in the news because of the exploitative child labor practices of the suppliers and producers of these products.
The International Labor Organization estimated that approximately 250 million children in developing countries are ..."
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Child Labor in a Global World Market, 2008.
An analysis of the exploitation of child labor in the global world market.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the issues and age limits for employing child labor and highlights the situation in many third world countries. The paper also notes that American manufacturers have not advocated on behalf of the children being exploited, to help bring about changes that improve the lot of the children in foreign markets. The paper discusses the issues involved and concludes that, while there are no easy solutions to the problem, a world-wide social conscience by which to guide industry and consumers in advocating on behalf of the exploited children, is progress that could be meaningful to the future generations of children in these countries.
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From the Paper
"There is a gap that must be closed between the reality of child labor and the laws that govern the exploitation of children for purposes of labor in underdeveloped nations, and between the western perception of child labor and exploitation. The existing gap is one that has to be closed by acknowledging that it would not be a good idea to attempt to initiate a radical change in the child labor practices in third world countries. It must be acknowledge that child labor, at this point in the development of third world nations, is essential to the survival of the family unit. Also, that there will in fact be at least the current generation of children and perhaps one or two following generations of children that will not be well educated, or even educated at all, as a result of their exploitation for labor. However, it should be realized, too, that preventing them from working would not necessarily mean that these children would otherwise be educated. That is the first part of the gap that must be closed in the western perception."
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Child Labor, 2002.
An examination of global child labor practices.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how child labor practices of textile industries around the world are an important issue for most people. It looks at how although the United States has seen a change in these practices over the last 200 years, many immigrant children are still employed illegally in textile factories. It shows how worldwide, there have been numerous laws passed on behalf of children?s rights, although many governments are lax in enforcing them. It examines how some governments, are starting to realize the benefits of educating children and have started to implement tougher laws in an effort to end the abuse of their children.
Outline
Introduction
A History of Child Labor in the U.S.
Attempts to Change Child Labor
The Great Depression
Child Labor in the U.S. Today
Liberia and New Child Labor Laws
Child Labor in Indonesia
Pakistan and Bangladesh Child Labor Practices
Russian Child Labor Practices
Startling Statistics and Working Conditions
Examples of Child Labor
Other Countries vs. the U.S.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public finally began to become aware of the horrendous conditions in which the children were forced to work and in 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was formed as a means to regulate or eliminate child labor (unknown, 1991). This committee, combined with state child labor committees, investigated and photographed the children in their poor working conditions, sent pamphlets and leaflets to the public and lobbied the government for stronger child labor laws. From 1902 to 1915 these efforts were responsible for the passage of many state laws which restricted child labor. However, the southern states were reluctant to pass such laws, prompting the passage of federal child labor laws in 1916 and 1918, though these laws were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In 1924, an amendment was purposed, but failed to be ratified by many states."
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Child Labor Laws, 2007.
An analysis of child labor practices and the resulting legislation to protect children.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that as globalization has increased during the past few decades, so have child labor practices. The paper defines the term "child labor" as children under 18 years of age who work in both the formal and informal sectors, in conditions that are potentially harmful and who receive less than the minimum wage. The paper relates that while many developing countries have laws to protect children, enforcement is difficult since child labor is already established as a structural part of the economy. In many poor countries, families depend on a child's income for life's necessities. The paper describes how child labor has become a primary issue in international relations today, but highlights how the issue involves many controversies that are not easily solved.
From the Paper
"Children have always worked along side their families to help out as a means of survival, however defining what is appropriate work for children often involves complex judgements, particularly for firms doing business on a global scale (Bachman). There has been increased pressure on international business from social activists, trade unions, and others to find new solutions that will put an end to exploiting child labor and allow children to receive education and training to ensure they will become productive adults (Bachman)."
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Child Labor, 2004.
An overview of the problem of global child labor and the way different countries view the issue.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
The conditions for children who are made to work do not provide the stimulation for proper physical and mental development. These children are deprived of the simple joys of childhood, relegated instead to a life of manual labor. This paper shows, however, that there are problems with the obvious solution of abolishing child labor. First, there is no international agreement defining child labor. Countries not only have different minimum age work restrictions, but also have varying regulations based on the type of labor. This makes the limits of child labor very unclear. The paper argues that until there is global agreement that can isolate cases of child labor, it will be very hard to abolish. Therefore, the problem is not child labor itself, but the conditions under which it operates. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"In many countries (Costa Rica, Thailand, Sri Lanka), the minimum working age is lower than the required age of compulsory education, giving children access to employment before they have even completed the minimum amount of schooling (Bequele & Boyden, 1995). When indigent children are allowed to work legally, they will often abandon school to better their family's condition. In the reverse situation, if the minimum age requirement for work is greater than the compulsory schooling age, children who have completed the required schooling must stay inactive for a period of time before they can legally work."
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Unfair Labor Practices, 2007.
A review of unfair labor practices and employment law and protection, using a case study of The Panera Bread Company as an example.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses unfair labor practices and strategies to mitigate these practices. It reviews federal and state labor laws and the various categories of laws that they include. The paper also discussed labor unions and their use in combating unfair labor practices. Finally, the paper presents a case study of The Panera Bread Company and shows how it has embraced the active conformance to federal and state regulation regarding employment law and protection.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Labor Laws
Pay and Schedule
Safety and Health
Workers' Compensation Programs
Unions
Unions and Unionization
Unions and Labor Relations
Employee Relations
Unions as Relevant
Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The restaurant industry is composed of two major segments: the full-service segment and the fast food segment. However, over the past decade a novel concept has quickly been developing into a new segment of its own: the quick-casual segment. The quick-casual is essentially a combination of the quick order and fast service of the fast-food segment combined with the quality food products found in the traditional full-service segment and the Panera Bread Company operates in this new segment. The quick-casual segment is a segment that produces over $6b a year in revenue and is growing in double digit percentages year on year ("Panera" Annual). As a new, major entrant in the quick-casual segment, the Panera Bread Company has found a niche market product in its "artisan" bread products and has grown its menu to include, in addition to its fresh bread, such items as: salads, soups, gourmet roast coffees, and other specialty type food and drink items ("Panera" SWOT)."
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Labor Practices Within the Nike Corporation, 2006.
This paper examines the questionable labor practices and sub-standard working conditions in various Asian countries that produce the Nike Corporation's products.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various investigations by different sources into rumored unfair labor practices by sports equipment manufacturer Nike. This paper details the results of the investigations which revealed the same pattern of problems in various Nike production plants in Asia. The writer of this paper compares Nike's labor practices to those of other factories in Asia. This paper also contains strategic solutions to improving the current working conditions of the laborers employed in these same plants.
Outline
Introduction
Working Conditions
Long Working Hours
"Wages May Be Low, But People Want These Jobs"
Evaluation
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is true that workers in shoe factories in Indonesia enjoy conditions which are better than those in many other industries, and for some, better than those at home in the village. And the jobs are sought after. But what this means is that, while things may be bad in these factories, they are even worse elsewhere - especially for the unemployed. For despite the increase in the number of factory jobs in Indonesia, unemployment among 20 to 24 years old is still very high. The people who work in these factories have not, as the quote above implies, been drawn away from subsistence agriculture by better incomes in manufacturing."
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Labor Practices of Dole Bananas, 2001.
A look at the labor practices of a world leading fruit company.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This essay lists the questionable labor practices of a leading fruit company called Dole in the U.S. The author argues for the unfair labor practices of this world-leading fruit company and examines the reasons behind them. Includes suggestions for improvements.
From the Paper
"Dole Food Company, with its headquarters in Westlake Village, California, is one of the few multinational corporations that control the worldwide trade of bananas with 25% of the market. Dole bananas are produced in Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Philippines and the Canary Islands. Bananas grown in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala and Honduras are for markets in North America, Europe, Russia, the Mediterranean and selected Asian markets. Bananas from the Philippines are transported to Asia, Australia and the Middle East. Europe imports bananas from Latin America, Cameroon, the Ivory Coast, Guadalupe, Martinique, Jamaica and the Canary Islands."
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Child Labor, 2008.
This paper discuses issues relating to child labor in the Third World.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child labor is not only a practice that can be exploitative and detrimental to the welfare of the child, but it also negatively characterizes the conditions within the country. The author points out that child labor has long been established within all countries, including developed countries such as Canada, the United States and Western Europe. The paper states that dismissing child labor outright reduces the opportunity to identify the wishes of the children themselves in respect to their ability to support or supplement the earnings of the family as well as reduces the opportunity for developing countries to affect positive change by evaluating their own child labor practices and its impact on their economic position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Basics of Child Labor
Child Labor and International Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Child labor is criticized based upon the conditions of the workplace, the wages child workers receive, and the consequences of working as opposed to receiving an education or participating in other normal childhood activities. Sites where child laborers work are situated in developing countries where there are minimal provisions in place to ensure the safety of workers; this outcome is exacerbated when the children do not have the ability to facilitate change through representation or through equal association with those who hold power within this environment."
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Child Labor, 2008.
An analysis of child labor history and reforms in the United States leading up to the current day.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the practice of child labor, particularly in the United States. It describes how union organization and child labor reform were often intertwined and how the unions changed the accepted practices of child labor. The paper then looks at child labor in the current day in the United States. It discusses examples of child labor and the American government's response.
Table of Contents:
History
Unions
Current Day
From the Paper
"Red Robin International paid $66,150 dollars in fines for letting fourteen and fifteen year olds work later than federal labor laws allowed. The fines were issued after a two-year review by the Sacramento, Calif., office of the Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor. The violations involved 98 minors in 26 of Red Robin's 68 locations across the country (Finding Articles, 2007). These minors allegedly worked past the 7 pm federal limit and past the 9 pm limit that is in place for the Memorial Day to Labor Day period. Red Robin has updated all of its managers on work-time limits and other regulations in place for young workers, said spokesman Neil Culbertson. The company also is verifying the actual ages of employees when hired and is testing new safeguards in computer systems on the West Coast to ensure the younger employees are working the correct amount of hours (Finding Articles, 2007)."
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Child Labor, 2005.
An in-depth examination of the effects of child labor on children's development, focusing on the situation in India.
17,786 words (approx. 71.1 pages), 42 sources, MLA, AU$ 401.95
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Abstract
The research question is whether the abolition of child labor is totally feasible, and if so, how, and if not, why. In answering the research question, the research paper provides a deep, broader study into the research done by several scholars on the issue of child labor. It also offers an analysis of the causes for the prevalence of child labor in the world, with a focus on the situation in India. The study also makes recommendations for solving the issue of child labor in India, having an understanding of why the issue could not be solved over the years. The study argues that child labor cannot be abolished in India, but its magnitude can be reduced.
Outline
Chapter 1
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Question
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
Magnitude of the Problem at International and National Level
National Level Involvement
Chapter 3
Child Labor in India
Chapter 4
Solutions and Recommendations
Chapter 5
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The global attention regarding child labor is presently more unprecedented compared to any other period in the in the initial part of twentieth century. This newfound concern has been supplemented by an association of novel international conferences, novel performers, and novel allocation of funds, novel studies, novel information, novel concepts, and increased performances in a broad diversity of Third World nation specific financial and societal surroundings. An outcome of this current campaign is improved multiplicity of thinking as well and accomplishment. The writings as well as conventions on child labor are presently discernible by strong argument in respect to several vital concerns. Yet among renowned specialists, research professionals and campaigners, an extensive and sometimes fiery incongruity exists on elementary issues like what comprises child labor, the reasons behind its occurrence, and the manner in which it influences children and society, and the optimum method to tackle the predicament."
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Child Labor, 2004.
This paper discusses the problem of child labor, especially in Istanbul, Turkey.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that most of the children engaging in child labor live in underdeveloped countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia, where living conditions for these children are crude and opportunities for education minimal; however, their income is necessary for the survival of their families, providing the basic essentials. The author points out that many small enterprises are completely dependent on child labor, and the bulk of child labor occurs in rural areas and is usually associated with traditional family economic activities, such as farming or animal husbandry. The paper stresses that child prostitution, a worldwide, urban, social phenomenon, is considered one of the worst contemporary forms of slavery and one of the most difficult and dangerous forms of child labor.
From the Paper
"Industrialization in many countries has created working conditions for children that equal the worst features of the nineteenth century factories and mines. Much of the effort to eliminate child-labor abuses throughout the world has come from the International Labor Organization, ILO, which was founded in 1919 and is now a special agency of the United Nations. The ILO has introduced several child-labor conventions, including a minimum age of sixteen years for admission to all work, a higher minimum age for specific types of employment, compulsory medical examinations, and regulation of night work."
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Child Labor Laws, 2006.
A discussion of child labor laws in the US, looking at background information, history, reform measures and current laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses child labor laws in the United States. It starts off by discussing the history of child labor in this country and why there was a great need for reform. It also tells the reader the struggle that reformers went through to get child labor laws on the books. Next, the laws regarding child labor are discussed for today's times. The consequences of violating the laws are also mentioned.
From the Paper
"The United States government has enacted many laws and regulations over the years to protect the rights of workers in this country from unfair labor practices, employment discrimination and abuse. One of the groups of people that the government has enacted this type of legislation to protect is that of children, some of the most vulnerable workers. Throughout this paper I will examine child labor laws in the United States. I will give the background for such laws and the history of child labor in this country, including situations which created the needs for these laws. Furthermore, I will discuss how these laws have evolved over the years and what effect child labor laws have on the workplace today. Although child labor is not a big issue today as far more youth are in school than working during current times, this was not always the case."
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Child Labor, 2002.
Introduces the arguments for and against child labor.
2,578 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
The International Labor Organization estimates that there are at least 250 million working children between the ages of five and fourteen in developing countries. About half of them work full-time. This paper examines the arguments for and against child labor. Those in favor of child labor state that the income that these children bring in, usually save their families from starvation. They also argue that trade restrictions will only harm families these countries by limiting their income and slowing their development. The paper shows that those who argue against child labor state reasons such as the risk to the child's health and well-being, the fact that the child's educational possibilities are stunted and various forms of child abuse.
From the Paper
"Conservative concerns that developing countries are just too poor to do anything about child abuse are inane. Even if their beliefs were true, there?s simply no economic justification for exposing children to life-threatening working conditions, abuse, slavery, and situations that cause irreversible harm to their physical development. Child labor only perpetuates poverty for the child as well as the country. Because developing countries are in a better position than developed countries were in when they began implementing child labor regulations, preventing ?hazardous child labor? is really about a decision and commitment by developed and developing countries to place more value on the child?s life. Government intervention through the creation and enforcement of laws is needed, not waiting for free trade to somehow magically convert unethical business people into humanitarians."
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Child Labor, 2007.
An analysis of the negative implications of child labor for the economic development of a country.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that child labor has a negative impact on a country's economic development. The paper discusses the reasons why child labor is used and how children find themselves in a situation where they can be exploited. It describes the negative impact that child labor has on the child and his family, as well as on society, due to lack of schooling and other problems for these children.
From the Paper
"Whilst children are often forced into work to aid their family financially, the result of child labor can sometimes be the opposite. Though children generally work for poverty reasons, they are not well paid. Children are exploited in that they are forced to work for long hours for low pay. Bonded labor, for instance, occurs when a family takes an advance payment (usually quite low, sometimes as little as U.S. $15) to hand a child over to an employer. Typically in these cases the child cannot "work off" this debt and the family can rarely raise the money to reclaim their child (Human Rights Watch). Workplaces are also typically structured so that workplace "expenses" are deducted from the child's earnings and the family cannot earn a reasonable amount of money. In some cases, contracts exist so that labor is generational, e.g. a child may be sold into labor on the condition that their offspring and their offspring's offspring work for the employer for free (Human Rights Watch). This perpetuates a cycle of negative economic activity to the detriment of the family and the country. Bonded labor has been proven to exist amongst millions of child workers in India alone (in the Human Rights Watch 2003 report)."
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Child Labor in America, 2005.
A look at the history of child labor in America.
2,837 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper documents the history of child labor in America. The tradition of child labor is discussed, the conditions under which children labored is described, and the methods of recruitment is described. The paper also describes the type of labor in which children were employed, how easily they were exploited, and how the problem of child labor was eventually addressed and made illegal. The paper also points out that this problem continues to exist throughout the world.
From the Paper
"Imagine if you can the life this child had. He probably spent his days in the coal breaker ?picking out the refuse, or culm, as the coal flowed down the long iron chutes?. Breaker boys spend their time pulling rocks from coal cars as they rushed by. Children also worked in many other dangerous capacities. Young workers could be found in factories, mines, fields, and in the streets. Children worked to support their family, and
did not question their duty. They had a job, but no childhood, and nowhere to turn. Although many Americans would like to believe cases like this were rare, unfortunately, a well-documented history of child labor in America proves otherwise. Who were these children and what was the reason for their childless lives?"
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