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Genetic Modification of Crops, 2004.
This paper discusses the debate over the global acceptance of genetic modification (GM) of crops.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the American consumer has become comfortable with the debate about the safety of genetically modified seeds, in Europe and Africa, some individuals have labeled imported GM produces as ?eco-terrorist? practices of sabotage by the U.S., preferring to starve rather than to eat this type of food. The author points out that, misguided as it may have been, the African nations' banning of GM seeds was an attempt to set local, national standards for the creation of a form of modern agriculture that was ?right for Africa.? The paper states that one of the problems in much of the world is not a lack of technology, but a lack of government infrastructure.
From the Paper
"Thomas DeGregori sees such hysteria as a form of Luddite technophobia. (DeGregori, 2002, 152). He also sees the African example as a dangerous result of first-world generated fears regarding important new agricultural technology. The capitalism that fueled genetically modified crops that are more resistant to disease and easier to produce in difficult climates, DeGregori suggests, will be the salvation of the world, if only environmentalists will step aside. DeGregori, it must be noted, does not stand alone on the world agricultural state in his fervent belief in the value of capitalism. "
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Genetic Modification of Crops, 2002.
Looks at the many controversial issues surrounding the production and sale of genetically modified crops (GMCs).
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the technology behind genetically modified crops, the potential risks of GMCs, the benefits of GMCs, the criticisms of the arguments used to oppose GMCs, and the general worldwide opinion regarding the use of GMCs.
From the Paper
"But are these crops really so dangerous? The issue of genetic modification of crops is perhaps so vexing and problematic because the United States and the European Community pursue completely different policies regarding the issue. Unlike so many issues of health, both countries have completely different views as to the safety of genetic modification, the US allowing the process, the EU condemning it."
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Genetic Modification and Cloning, 2001.
A discussion on the ethical and social implications of genetic modification and cloning.
2,571 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
Recently human genetic material has been fused with animal cells and cloned. This opens up the possibility of developing organ banks for spare parts and then ultimately genetically modified humans. This paper discusses the social and ethical implications of this technology covering areas such as gene therapy, cloning, mutations and organ banks.
From the Paper
"At our present level of technology a more simple method of preventing genetic diseases or defects being perpetuated would be a "preventative therapy" of pre-implantation diagnosis, giving a couple the opportunity to a discard an embryo with defective genes. This track would not however benefit a couple that both have recessive genes for an illness such as cystic fibrosis. A couple such as this where all embryos would be genetically defective, would be better off using donor sperm or ova backed up by supportive counselling instead of using gene therapy with all its risks. Because such a small minority of couples are in such a position, the medical and scientific community is very hesitant to apply gene therapy at the present time in such situations. (British Medical Association, 1992)."
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Genetic Modification, 2003.
Discusses the method and uses of genetic modification of plants.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the insertion of DNA into the plant chromosome to produce desired traits, such as resistance to insects and herbicides. It examines the reduction of farming costs, improved nutritional value, and longer shelf life.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Genetic modification of plants involves inserting segments of DNA into the chromosome to produce desired traits in the resulting plant. It is commonly used to make plants resistant to insects and to herbicides. This reduces the costs of far..."
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Genetic Modification, 2005.
A look at the advances in creating biodegradable plastics.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increase in biodegradable plastics made from genetic modification of crops like soya and corn.
From the Paper
"The words biodegradable and plastic were viewed as an oxymoron in the past. No longer are these two words incompatible. For scientists working on genetically modified (GM) foods were not daunted by public reluctance to consume (GM) foods and have turned their attention to non-food (GM) products. Biodegradable plastics for containers packaging grocery bags and other products exist from companies like BASF, Metabolix and others. Monsanto and Britain's ICI experimented with biodegradable plastics made from genetically modified materials but dropped their respective projects in the..."
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A Christian View on Genetic Modification (GM), 2004.
Examines GM from a Christian, ethical perspective.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This essay considers some of the main issues related to genetic modification (GM), which has become an issue for the general public in recent years. The paper discusses some of the possible effects of allowing GM crops to be grown by considering the benefits and threats of this new technology from the viewpoint of a Christian ethic.
From the Paper
"As to whether the benefits outweighs the risks, a consequentialist approach through a utilitarian framework makes no judgement as to whether a particular action is good or bad, and its notion of good is pragmatic rather than an absolute. The possible benefits and harms are not comprehensive. It is of course impossible to anticipate all possible future benefits or harms that might result from the development of GE due to the lack of thorough research into the potentially harmful effects on human health and the environment. I urge that GM crops be subject to rigorous and comprehensive risk assessment prior to farm scale trials before plating on commercial basis."
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Schizophrenics & Genetic Modification, 2001.
Discusses symptoms & etiology of the disorder, genetic evidence & potential for modification. Bioethical issues.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 18 sources, AU$ 150.95
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From the Paper
"Should Genetic Modification Be Advocated for Schizophrenia
Introduction
There are two main issues to consider in any discussion of genetic modification in relationship to schizophrenia. The first issue is a scientific issue, related to the etiology of schizophrenia and the available evidence regarding a genetic component. The second issue is a bio-ethical issue regarding the ethics of gene modification in human beings, including the initial experimentation involved.
Schizophrenia
The major symptoms of schizophrenia are described in the DSM-IV as involving several areas of the person's functioning.."
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Genetic Modification (GM), 2005.
A discussion on some basic methods of biotechnology and justification of the benefits of modifying the genes of our food supply.
1,804 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how genetic modification (GM), often known by the less ominous name of biotechnology, is the science of improving the genetic characteristics of plants to produce better, more healthful foods, as well as foods resistant to certain pests and those which will survive under harsh conditions. It looks at how, with the advent of gene technology, biotechnologists are now able to more easily produce abundant, better-quality and more nutritious food supplies to consumers.
From the Paper
"There are many arguable benefits to the modification of our foods, many of which are already in practice. The key difference between conventional breeding and genetic modification is that in the past it has only been possible to transfer traits between plants and animals of the same or very similar species. GM allows splicing between completely different species and even the combination of plant and animal genes. Because of this technology, scientists have now been able to create, for example, a type of maize that produces a protein from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. This protein kills the insect called a corn borer which is known to do considerable damage to maize crops."
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Human Genetic Modification, 2001.
Issues of fears of human cloning incl. engineering children, ethical & cultural aspects. Copies of articles used.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 57.95
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From the Paper
"Human genetic modification has been discussed for decades, but now that it is becoming a process that could be undertaken rather than a mere speculation, a number of fears have emerged, leading to efforts to curtail further research in this area. There are a number of reasons why this fear has developed, and these fears were actually manifested long before genetic engineering was possible. They can be seen in ancient stories about human beings creating life in unnatural ways, from the ancient story of the Golem to the novel Frankenstein by Mary W. Shelley from early in the nineteenth century. The essential fear involved is the fear of anything considered unnatural, as if this were an action taken against the will of God. More recently, these fears have taken the form of ethical concerns about how new technologies might be used to curtail further the..."
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Genetically Modified Crops, 2007.
This paper discusses the risks vs. the benefits of genetically modified foods.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the world-wide debate about genetically modified (GM) crops and explains the advantages and disadvantages of these products. The paper looks at the regulation of genetically modified foods in the United States and Europe and how GM food growth is drawing a political backlash. The paper discusses the powerful opposition of Greenpeace to genetic engineering. The paper concludes that as long as environmental organizations generate fear and doubt among politicians, retailers and the public, it will be almost impossible for the technology to break through, despite its benefits.
Outline:
Introduction
The Science of Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified Foods and Hunger
Genetically Modified Foods and Biodiversity
Research for the Common Good
Growth of Genetic Engineering
Greenpeace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world wide debate about genetically modified crops has been a heated one, pitting biological progress against environmental conservation. The genetically modified foods issue involves complex factors including politics, international trade, and social and cultural norms. Advocates of GM foods say that the increased yields and decreased price of using genetically modified seeds can help to alleviate world hunger. However, progress is being hampered by over cautious environmentalists and consumers, mostly in Europe and Japan. These wealthy areas of the world can afford to take precautions that the starving people of the world cannot, but the preference of consumers in wealthy countries of whole, natural, organic foods is influencing impoverished countries."
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Genetically Engineered Crops, 2001.
Looks at the development & growth of genetically modified food. Examines results and safety standards; proponents & critics.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 104.95
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From the Paper
"For thousands of years, farmers have bred crops and animals to produce better outcomes in terms of crop yields, pest or drought resistance, speed of ripening, or growth rate. Now they are doing it with the aid of biotechnology by using genetically modified organisms to produce their desired results (Maynard, 2000). For instance: a stalk of corn that breeds pest-resistant corn, a potato that becomes resistant to the protein beetle, a strawberry that can withstand frost, and a soybean whose DNA is spliced with that of a petunia to produce a plant engineered to survive otherwise toxic doses of herbicide, are all products of genetically modified plants.
Traditional crossbreeding in plants requires the mixing of thousands of genes in the hopes of developing a plant with the desired trait. With biotechnology, characteristics can be ..."
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Genetically Modified Foods, 2002.
This paper discusses genetic modification of foods, crops plants that are created for human consumption by using modern techniques of molecular biology.
615 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, AU$ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the issue of genetic modification of foods is a hotly debated issue The author believes that the greatest potential disadvantages of genetically modified foods are negative effects on human health and especially on the environment. On the other hand the author feels that genetically modified foods can increase the nutritional content and create disease resistance of specific crops.
From the Paper
"Genetically modified foods have the potential to have great advantages to society. By developing foods that are resistant to drought or pests, scientists may enable these foods to be grown in areas where they are not traditionally cultivated. This may have an especially significant effect on drought-stricken areas in the third world, where cultivation of commercial crops is difficult due to drought and pests."
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Genetically Modified ( GM ) Crops, 2002.
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming. Division among people regarding use of GM plants. Benefits vs. ecological disasters. Safety issue. Review of recent studies on use of GM plants in the farm setting. Goal of GM crops toreduce need for pesticides. Harm to beneficial organisms.
From the Paper
"Introduction:
According to an article in Scientific America, genetically Modified (GM) crops are becoming an important part of worldwide farming with approximately 109 million acres under cultivation (Brown, 2001). However, most of the farmland is in the US (68%) and Argentina (23%), and the most common GM crops are soybean (36%), corn (7%), cotton (16%), and canola (11%). GM varieties are a major proportion of the total production of soybeans (58%) and corn (23%)(James, 2000).
The development and use of GM plants has divided people into 2 groups. One group believes GM plants offer benefits for both increased production of food and fiber, and decreased use of pesticides and herbicides. The opposing group believes GM plants will cause ecological disaster by inadvertently killing ..."
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Genetic Therapy, 2004.
An examination of the ethical and moral considerations related to genetic modification.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
In today?s society, the issue of genetic modification is a topic of interest for scientists, the medical profession, and the general public alike. The differences between germ-line genetic modification and somatic genetic modification are of particular interest to most, and within those differences lies a question which many find difficult to answer, that of the moral and ethical issues involved in each type of modification. This paper analyzes current literature on the topic and attempts to show that, while there are differences in the ethical and moral consideration between the two types of genetic modification, both are equally moral.
From the Paper
"Somatic genetic modification refers to the practice of introducing new genes into humans with the purpose of correcting genetic defects (Elias, Annas, 1992). From a morality standpoint, there are arguments both for and against this practice. First, opponents argue that the use of this form of gene modification may lead to the practice of inserting genes into humans that essentially change the characteristics of the person, reduce humans to technology, or alter the basic idea of being human, as opposed to correcting the defects of that human?s genes (Elias, Annas, 1992). As both the President?s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral research and the European Medical Research Council have determined, however, this argument is a fallible one. These two bodies have determined that the use of somatic genetic modification is, in reality, no different than our current practice of organ transplant or blood transfusions (Elias, Annas, 1992). Both are implemented with the distinct purpose of changing the existing human body to perform better."
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Genetic Testing and the Application of Genetic Information, 2005.
A look at genetic testing in today's modern world and its applications and consequences in the business world, i.e. employment, health care and insurance.
8,130 words (approx. 32.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 254.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the full potential of genetic testing in today's world via its applications to the individual and the possible consequences of releasing genetic testing information to potential employers, health care entities and insurance companies. Outline Introduction The Technical Nature of Genetic Testing The Applications of Genetic Information Eugenics Genetic Determinism Genetic Discrimination Concluding Remarks Bibliography
From the Paper
"The positive and negative aspects of genetic testing/screening are numerous and as pointed out by the Mayo Clinic, one of the most technologically-advanced medical centers in the United States, genetic testing provides the opportunity to take a peek into an individual's potential health risks in the future which is especially important for families with a history of certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other life-threatening disorders. Also, genetic testing can greatly assist these families by allowing them to plan for the future and thus come to understand the overall health risks to themselves and to future generations" ("Genetic Testing: Weighing Its Benefits and Risks," Internet)."
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Bio-Engineered Crops, 2004.
An examination of the developing field of genetically modified crops.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses genetic modification (GM) farming and analyzes the problems associated with the use of genetically modified food crops by a study of some recent scientific articles, which espouse this viewpoint. The paper contends that the rapid advancements in genomic science have created new possibilities in the fields of agriculture and in the treatment and management of diseases. The biotech revolution characterized by genetically engineered food products is regarded as a boon to the human society, a life-saving solution to manage the food crisis of our globe.
From the Paper
"Altering specific sequences of DNA allows plants to develop resistance to pesticides, resulting in increased yield. Using genetic engineering methods such as electroporation, gene gun, gene silencing and vector mediated transfer, scientists are now able to insert a new gene or control the expression of an already present gene in a plant. [UCS] In a special report from the 'New scientist' the author discusses some of the possibilities of applying genomic science into farming practices. Using these biotech processes scientists have created disease and herbicide resistant crops promising huge increase in productivity. The result of this biotech revolution was amazing. Vitamin boosted rice, Onions without tears, potatoes enriched with proteins, Soya built resistant to pesticides, and even caffeine free coffee became a reality and bio-engineered products offered endless possibilities."
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