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Gender and the Media, 2002.
Argues that 'gender stereotyping' in the media actually represents the general view of the population.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
Public media provides a channel for people to communicate among each other. This communication takes on various forms. Advertising is one area where meaning is intentionally created. Newspapers and magazines report both news and opinions. Even music is a means of communicating to a mass audience. All of these forms of communication create meaning and one of the underlying factors present in all is gender. Each of these forms of media create certain ideas about masculinity and femininity. Some authors argue that the end result of this is that men become objectified as masculine and women become objectified as feminine. The emphasis is often especially on the dehumanization and stereotyping of women via their physical body and class status. For example, women are seen as objects of desire, valued for their attractiveness but with little else to offer, while men are seen as superior to women. The paper discusses three authors whos consider these meanings and how they are created - Susan Faludi, Joan Morgan, and Jean Kilbourne. Each of these authors look at how gender is created in a certain form of media and each suggest that the media creates an exaggerated and misconfigured view of the role of gender. The paper shows, however, that what these authors fail to recognize is that the media as a whole is communicating a range of ideas on gender roles and that those ideas generated have their basis in society itself. The paper argues that these authors seem to generalize themselves, suggesting that the media is responsible for exaggerated roles of gender. In contrast, by taking a closer look, this paper illustrates that the media only represents the general views of people and that the media does not really offer only one view of gender.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
1. Media as Communication
2. Argument that Media Creates Ideas on Gender
3. Focus on Gender Ideas about Women
4. Introduce Three Authors with Ideas on Gender Creation in the Media
5. Argument: The Media only Represents the General Views of People and the Media does not really offer only one View of Gender
From the Paper
"Each of these articles expresses the view that the media creates a certain image of women. In each case, it is also expressed that this is an exaggerated view of women. Kilbourne offers advertisements where the sexuality of women is taken to an extreme, such as by including bondage and violent images in addition to sexual ones. Morgan describes hip-hop music where the lyrics represent an exaggerated view of women. Faludi shows how a group of boys with behavior that can be described as extreme in the way they view women, came to represent the general view of the young male's view of women. In each case, the views expressed are exaggerated claims. For example, the young boys in Faludi's articles do not likely represent the views of the average young male. However, their coverage in the media may have created the impression that their views are closer to the norm than they really are. In summary, each of the articles are correct in saying that the examples they represent create exaggerated views."
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Social Class, Gender, Age and the Media, 2005.
This paper studies representations of social class, gender and age in the media.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This six page undergraduate paper examines representations of social class, gender, ethnicity, race, and/or age in the media. It seems evident that the best way to accomplish this is to examine television ads, radio ads, billboard ads, newspaper ads, magazine ads, and Internet ads. The writer points out that since ads are trying to sell a certain product or service, their content represents people who buy their product as extremely attractive, friendly, popular and happy people.
From the Paper
"In conducting a content analysis of representations of social class, gender, ethnicity, race, and/or age in the media, it seemed evident that the best way to accomplish this would be to examine television ads, radio ads, billboard ads, newspaper ads, magazine ads, and Internet ads. Since ads are trying to sell a certain product or service, their content represents people who buy their product as extremely attractive, friendly, popular, and happy people. These representations in media ads may differ in specific content, but they all reach out to their target audience in the same way by appealing to the social instincts and values of people."
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Misrepresentation of Gender and Race in the Media, 2006.
An examination of how the media misrepresents gender and race, and how this leads to a distorted view of reality.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how race and gender are distorted by the media and how this distortion influences reality. The writer discusses how the American public has created a universal understanding of what they believe about Black America through images presented by the media. In addition, the writer believes that the imagery presented in the media of women has gradually slanted towards more straightforward sexist imagery and language. The writer also discusses the power implications resulting from these images. The writer concludes that the media needs to take responsibility for their actions and illustrate women as more than just an outline in front of a black screen - but as individuals who raise children and create change in society.
From the Paper
"A filmmaker's ultimate role is to properly present images in sequence that tell a story and/or conveys a message or several of them. With various imagery tools, movies present a message in a way that makes them seem natural and fitting for the context that it is presented in. Whether it's a horror movie, documentary or educational film, the media gives us ways of imagining particular groups, identities and situations (Bronton & Stafford 141). This is most often defined as a stereotype."
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Gender Roles in the Chinese Media, 2007.
This paper researches globalization and gender differences in images of Chinese women in the Chinese media.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the premise that regardless of the efforts of the Chinese media to exclude Western themes from the media, public demand has allowed some Westernized female images to creep into the media of mainland China. The research explores the presence and prevalence of westernized female images in Chinese advertising media.
The paper offers a background of Chinese cultural ideals and provides a literature review. The paper shows how a new image of Chinese women is emerging in the media that is accepted more readily by the women than the men.
Outline:
Background of the Problem
Literature Review
Methodology
Results and Discussion
From the Paper
"China is a country steeped in tradition. Historically, it has been resistant to change and the introduction of foreign influences. For many years, China had an isolationist policy towards any type of foreign influence. China wanted to prove that they were self-sufficient. This exclusion of foreign influence isolated them culturally as well. Chinese cultural ideals were reinforced. Traditional female and male roles were predetermined before a child's birth, and the child dare not try to break them."
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Women and the Media, 2002.
Examines representations of women in popular media and how the media contributes to the creation of gender identity.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the advertising images of women are evaluated in order to understand how the media portrays women. This essay argues that the gender identity of women is inextricable from the proliferation of multi-media representations of women and that the contradictory messages of advertising produce a conflicted value system for American women.
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Gender and Communication, 2006.
A discussion on gender specific communication.
3,608 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses, through example, the differences between communication in men and women in casual circumstances and within relationships. It highlights eye contact, decision making and emotions. The paper also explores gender specific communication within the media, using "Judging Amy" as its example.
Table of Contents:
Why I Broke Up with Philip (Relational Communication)
Gender and Media Communication
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Amy can be very assertive when it comes to defending children. In one scene I watched she was being interviewed on a television news talk show. She debated a corrupt politician who was running for office on the issue of trying children as adults for their crimes. The male politician was pictured as exploiting the issue in order to make a name for himself and get elected. He didn't care about children at all. Amy talks about her knowledge of children as human beings whom she relates to every day eye-to-eye. She tells off the politician and calls him a "self-seeking demagogue." "
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The Mass-Media Pygmalion, 2006.
This paper studies the complex relationship between consumers and the mass media. Do we create the media, or does the media create us?
1,208 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The author studies the give and take relationship between the media and our society to determine which is the cause and which is the effect. The author continues by showing a connection between the main icons of Western culture and the effects of the media. The fast food industry is highlighted and the author shows the great effects it has had on our trends and ideals, with conformity a notable outcome. After studying the diverse effects of our fast food culture today, the author concludes that only a corrupt society can allow the mass media such power.
From the Paper
"In the Classical Greco-Roman era, it was believed that Pygmalion, a sculptor, brought Galatea to life. However, today it seems to be a more common belief that Galatea creates Pygmalion. The question of whether members of our society create the media, or if the media influences members of the society to such a degree that it essentially creates the society, is a prominent one in the study of modern anthropology. Pop culture artifacts reveal a great deal about the modern society, including social trends, values, ideals, and more. The relationship between consumers and the mass media is a complex one that may not be simple enough to evaluate as a directional give-and-take diagram. There are many issues relating to social responsibility and the often clashing pursuits of individual wealth and greater good that come to play when discussing popular media, culture, and society."
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Chinese Media Industry, 2004.
A comparison of the Western media to the media industry in China.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper documents the shifts and changes that have shaped the media industry as to societal, political, organizational, or national influences in the formation, governance and processes within the media industry in China. Further, the paper focuses on elements, both in the historical sense and that of the present day, and attempts to determine what influences the political economy of the media industry. The paper examines the theories surrounding the political economy of communication and the culture industry in a theoretical framework. The paper explores the theories of political economy in media communications, while contrasting and comparing the Western media industry with that of the media industry in China.
From the Paper
"China entered into the World Trade Organization and gave rise to speculations that the world's largest media market might be much more easily accessible to publishers in the international media industry. The market economy in China is making gains however the media industry including the print remains in the governments hands which results in a product that is "forced-fed to all levels of governments offices, at a cost ultimately assumed by the taxpayers" (China Daily 2003) . In fact estimates for the taxes in China's media market are stated to be "16 to 20 billion a year. " (China Daily, 2003) Government spending pays approximately "6 to 10 billion Yuan" of that amount. (China Daily 2003) The media industry in China is under total government control with a very few foreign investors as well as private investors involved on the retail side of business."
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Astral Media, 2005.
This paper discusses Astral Media, one of the major media companies in Canada.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer analyzes the Canadian media company Astral Media. The writer explains that this company is one of the leading media companies in Canada. The writer examines the Astral Media company that owns, among other media properties, television networks and radio stations.
From the Paper
"Astral Media is one of the leading media companies in Canada, and the company reaches the public by means of a combination of highly targeted media properties in specialty, pay and pay-per-view television, radio, and outdoor advertising. Astral Media is currently the largest operator of English and French-language specialty, pay, and pay-per-view television services. The company owns nineteen network licenses, entirely or in a partnership. The company and its television networks also stand as the largest private sector supporter of Canadian feature films. Astral Media also owns 24 radio stations, including 16 French-language FM stations in Quebec.
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Gender Communication, 2004.
This paper compares the gender stereotypes of male and female by the media.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the way that female and male characters or individuals speak in films or on T.V. The writer uses examples and statistics to support the fact that the difference not only exists but possibly perpetuates gender stereotypes. Examples including male and female voice overs and the choice of language are used in this paper. The writer contends that the media wants to keep women in a powerless role.
From the Paper
"The portrayal of gender in media especially in films and on television has received considerable interest in the past two decades by people from academics to parents, hoping to encourage their sons and daughters to prepare for a more egalitarian world. Although great strides have been made from the stereotypical housewives, Lucy Ethel and Donna it is still clear that traces of sexism in the language provided by scriptwriters in advertising and films remain. The purpose of this paper is to compare the way ... "
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War Coverage, Media Obsession, 2004.
A comparison of traditional media coverage and new media coverage.
1,532 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper compares traditional media to new media in an attempt to determine which one is more influential and how they differ in their stories and presentation methods.
From the Paper
"Media is always biased, less trained, unprepared, and hasty or simply looking for sensationalism and that is the reason why the news that we receive is either insignificant or highly distorted. Apart from the reporting of various events during the recent Iraq War, which I trust were never reported accurately, the media also tried to divert public's attention from pressing issues to those of minor significance by obsessing over trivial events. That media cannot be fully trusted for accurate account of events became a big issue when the story of Private Jessica Lynch came forth. Newspapers, televisions, local channels, radio stations and even the Internet obsessed over Jessica Lynch and her rescue from Iraqi forces. Almost overnight, she became the most important person in the world- an icon that everyone wanted to know more about. Lynch was presented as an epitome of courage and bravery and it appeared as if the only real purpose of having US force in Iraq was to rescue Jessica Lynch. "In the fourteen days after her rescue, Lynch drew 919 references in major papers, according to a Nexis search. In that same period, General Tommy Franks, who ran the war, got 639 references, Vice President Dick Cheney 549, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz 389. She stood with the giants." (Christopher Hanson, 2003)"
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Robert W McChesney's "The Problem of the Media", 2006.
This paper summarizes Robert W McChesney's book "The Problem of the Media" about politics and the media.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Robert W. McChesney's book "The Problem of the Media," deals with inadequate journalism, hyper-commercialism and overwhelming media power in the United States. The author reports that the points out how the various issues in the media problem are inter-connected.
From the Paper
"Robert W McChesney's book "The Problem of the Media" takes an in-depth look at how politics and government policies have shaped the media in the United States and debunks long-standing myths regarding the media. McChesney also addresses ..."
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Media Policy in South Africa, 2007.
An analysis of media policy in South Africa and a comparison of media performance standards in Britain, Italy and Germany.
3,606 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the main roles of the press in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves. The paper focuses on South Africa as a point of reference and refers to the history of South African policy as well as certain European media policy counterparts, in order to gauge standards of media performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Media and Democracy
Media Policy in South Africa
External Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
Internal Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
The Gate keeping Function
European Media Policy
United Kingdom Media Policy
Italian Media Policy
German Media Policy
South African Media Policy History
Apartheid Era
After Apartheid
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main roles that the press plays in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves (Krimsky, 2000). The media is a fundamental tool in the decision-making of the democratic government in any country. A democracy requires the people of the state to make choices and decisions on a daily basis. This therefore needs to be aided by a media and media environment that allows for objectivity through its content and the journalists and staff of the forms of media themselves. The media needs to inform, without judging (Krimsky, 2000)."
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The Representation of Women in the Media, 2001.
This paper discusses the way women are viewed in the media and the effect the media has on women's mentality both in current and past periods.
3,791 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper is about representations of women and celebrities in the media and their effects on average American women. Some of the topics discussed in this paper are the media's portrayal of actresses and celebrities and their affects on teenagers and women, the differences and changes in images of celebrities through the past few decades, the "Culture of slimming" , the objectification and subjectification of women, the psychological, social, physical, and mental effects on the average women, and the power of the entertainment industry.
From the Paper
"Over the past few decades, the so-called "norm" for a female figure has drastically changed from voluptuous and curvy to waif-like thin. Many female celebrities have been known for their figures. Historically, Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield were two women who each wore a size 12 and were glorified by men all around the world. Today, celebrities from the likes of Jennifer Aniston and Calista Flockhart are admired for their abilities to become and stay so thin, almost appearing sick. As celebrities come and go, women compare themselves to whoever is "popular" at the time."
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Gender Identity and Linguistics, 2002.
Examines language and gender usage in the print media.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper will delve into how gender identity and socio-cultural politics of contemporary society are shaped by and reflected in linguistics practices. Using the parameters of language, an attempt will be made to demonstrate how gendered language interacts with the varied dimension of social identity and how it reflects on the relationships between the sexes.
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Media Bias, 2004.
This paper states that, since nearly every sector of our lives is affected by modern media, the media has a profound and ubiquitous influence on public opinion.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that bias is an endemic and unavoidable part of the newsgathering and reportage process, especially in the area of racial bias. The author points out that advertising, another area in which the media can have a profound influence on public opinion, has achieved the status of a carefully crafted art form whose message can have a negative effect on individuals and society because of selected bias. The paper relates that some of the ways in which bias is influencing public opinion are (1) disguising opinions as news by using loaded language and well-portioned adverbs or adjectives and (2) providing selective content by failing to give proper context and full background information, which distorts the true picture.
From the Paper
"While the most extreme form of media bias in shaping public opinion is propaganda, the most infamous use of the media influencing public opinion was no doubt the way in which the Nazis influenced the German public. However, there are many instances in the contemporary world where media bias, which tends towards propaganda, is prevalent. The political manipulation of pubic onion is known as propaganda. An example of the way in which the media can influence public perception through suggesting a sense of legitimacy is through polling and a constant stream of subjective media reports. The method of influencing the public is termed self-fulfilling polling."
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