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French Defeat in Indochina, 1997.
A discussion of French occupation and eventual defeat in Indochina.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses and discusses why the French were defeated by the Vietnamese in Indochina. The paper explains that there were three stages to the defeat: Firstly the conduct of many nations and movements during and after the Second World War placed France at a great disadvantage when they attempted to reclaim their colonial possessions in the region, contrasting the relative ease with which Britain reasserted itself in Malaya and the U.S.A. in the Philippines immediately after the war. Secondly the French administration did itself a great disservice when the opportunity for negotiation with nationalist forces arose. Finally the French were defeated militarily due to a wide range of factors including the popularity and numerical superiority of their enemy, international support for the Vietminh, discrepancy between the quality of French leadership and that of the communists, and the superiority of Vietminh tactics given the conditions under which the war was fought.
From the Paper
"After over one hundred years of colonial rule in Indochina, France withdrew from Southeast Asia, defeated by the communist-nationalist Vietminh. There were many reasons for this loss. French defeat came in three stages. Firstly the conduct of many nations and movements during and after the Second World War placed France at a great disadvantage when they attempted to reclaim their colonial possessions in the region, contrasting the relative ease with which Britain reasserted itself in Malaya and the USA in the Philippines immediately after the war. Secondly the French administration did itself a great disservice when the opportunity for negotiation with nationalist forces arose. Finally the French were defeated militarily due to a wide range of factors including the popularity and numerical superiority of their enemy, international support for the Vietminh, discrepancy between the quality of French leadership and that of the communists, and the superiority of Vietminh tactics given the conditions under which the war was fought."
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The French Film Industry as a Reflection of French Society, 2002.
This essay analyzes two French films, and discusses how they mirror the social rifts in modern France.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of fracture sociale in France. The author examines this problem as seen in ?Le D?ner du Cons? and ?La Haine? and compares the two with particular attention to class and social barriers in modern France.
From the Paper:
"?Le D?ner de Cons? is a farcical comedy about a club of bored, successful and obnoxious Parisians whose lives revolve around a male adolescent game of one-upmanship. Pierre Brochant is an arrogant publishing executive who livens up his upper class existence by attending idiot dinners. The concept is discomforting, rooted as it is in an attitude of arrogant superiority."
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The Peasants and the French Revolution, 2001.
Examines the role of the large population of French peasants in the French Revolution of 1789.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the role of the farming peasantry of France in pushing forward the French Revolution. What grievances and suffering had the peasants endured that led to open revolt in 1789, and what revolutionary responses did they take? While not representative of the political or intellectual strength that provoked the French Revolution, the peasant?s role in toppling the old regime cannot be ignored. This essay describes and evaluates that role.
From the Paper
"It should be said before beginning that during the initial struggle between the status quo and the other classes (aristocracy, bourgeoisie, workers), the peasants had played little or no role. In fact, they had literally no part in ?provoking? the first responses and revolts, and before July, 14, 1789 there was scarcely any question of the peasants. Their grievances and complaints were of little interest to the National Assembly, in which they had no members (Lefebvre 131). Yet, if one examines the story of the French peasantry and evidence provided by Georges Lefebvre, it can be argued that they had had been suffering longer and had more to complain about than any of the other classes of French society and that their actions in July and August, 1789 were utterly crucial ones. In the end, it was the mass peasant uprising of 1789 that pushed forward the revolution, destroying the remnants of the manorial and feudal system, and finally bringing all the non-aristocratic social classes in France fully together in their efforts to topple the status quo."
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French Colonialism and the Wars of Liberation, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes France's colonization of Indochina, Tunisia, Madagascar and Morocco as well and the wars of liberation fought by its inhabitants.
3,377 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 22 sources, APA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how both the first and second world wars changed the stature of France in Europe and in the rest of the world. This paper supplies a comprehensive overview of the French colonization and the wars of liberation that were fought by its inhabitants. This paper focuses on the four French colonies of Indochina, Tunisia, Madagascar and Morocco. The writer of this paper also details the methods and strategies France utilized in pursuing its objective of colonization which included using the military to occupy various territories. This in-depth paper contains facts, dates and relevant information regarding the events that led to the various wars of liberation and France's colonization achievements.
Table of Contents:
Background
France as Colonial Power
Indochina as French Colony, 1858-1955
The French Reactions Towards the Resistance
The Viet Minh Resistance
Tunisia Under French Colonialism
Madagascar Under French Colonial Rule, 1895-1960
Morocco as Colonial Territory of France
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"France had nothing new to offer to the people of Indochina and had no intention to give independence to this colony. From 1945 until 1948 there was a power struggle of who is in control of Indochina between Boa Dai and Ho. Boa Dai had the support of the French and Ho the support of the Communist in China. Although Leclerc had good intentions of how to strengthen the French control in Indochina and to empower the people, he did not have enough support and was replaced by General Valluy. Valluy did not have the same vision of empowement as Leclerc. The French not only lacked the forces and equipment but also the support of most of the people of Indochina. The military leaders likewise did not know what their mission was, to defend those areas that are free of the Viet Minh or if they must start with offensive operations in the other areas. This uncertainty, as well as no proper guidance from the politicians in France, and because the people of Indochina were not empowered, ensured that the French would never be able to have full control over the whole of Indochina while there are active resistance against their occupation."
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Nobility and the French Revolution, 2002.
Examines the role of the French nobility in the causes of the French Revolution of 1789.
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
It is impossible to assign to any group--nobility, monarchy, bourgeoisie, peasantry, urban commoners, clergy, or philosophers--sole responsibility for creating the conditions that ended in the French Revolution of 1789. The paper shows, however, that in any of the dominant historical explanations, the role of the nobility remains the strongest element in setting the scene for the Revolution. This is true whether one considers the passive or active nature of its influence. A review of some common theories of the origins of the Revolution in this paper demonstrate that the nobility always bore major, and often primary, responsibility for setting the scene of Revolution.
From the Paper
"The popular image of the French Revolution is that of the haughty, remote, untalented Louis XVI and the spendthrift, irresponsible Marie Antoinette driving the country to near-bankruptcy and causing a general reaction against the selfishness and autocratic ways of the absolute monarchy. There is, of course, some truth in the claim that the royal couple's ineptitude was the major cause of the Revolution. Bernier holds, for instance, that when, on the day Louis XV died, the new king dismissed the old ministers, because "Marie Antoinette insisted," the "seeds of the Revolution were sown" (52). Louis XV had started to change the tax system so that the rich would assume a more proportionate share of the burden. The nobility objected strongly and Louis XVI, to gain popularity with them, rejected the ministers and the reforms that might have saved his throne."
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Bonaparte and The French Revolution, 2002.
Examines Napoleon Bonaparte's role in the French Revolution and other French military campaigns.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper will consider the impact that Napoleon Bonaparte had in his involvement with the Revolution in France, and the effect of his military campaigns in Europe.
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Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Revolution, 2002.
This paper discusses that the Age of Napoleon Bonaparte has its roots in the French Revolution and that it was Napoleon Bonaparte who spread the teachings of the French Revolution throughout Europe.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the French Revolution ignited new ideas regarding equality, justice, freedom and the very nature of social interaction; but, ironically, it was a dictator, Napoleon, who perpetuated and spread many of these ideas. The paper points out that the Napoleonic Code, the introduction of liberal ideas to Egypt, and the beginning of the drive for the unification of Italy were all things that resulted from ideas derived from the French Revolution that spread because of Napoleon and his rule. The author believes that the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon?s dissemination of its ideas can be demonstrated by the fact that even after the defeat of Napoleon, none of the old European monarchies or regimes ever enjoyed the absolute power that they once held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The French Revolution
Napoleon Early in the Revolution
Quest for Power
Napoleon as a Ruler and Conqueror
The Tragedy of Napoleon?s Life
The Legacy of Napoleon and the French Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon is a tragic figure in that few have had so much and lost it all. From being the world?s most powerful man to becoming a lonely exile must have been a bitter pill to swallow. Napoleon?s life is also tragic in that so many people were fanatically loyal to him, yet his first love Josephine, was unfaithful to him and never provided the male heir that he so desperately wanted. But, the greater tragedy is the waste of Napoleon?s talents. True, he achieved monumental military accomplishments, but his conquests were ephemeral; they did not last. Universally recognized as one of the great military minds, Napoleon was equally talented as an administrator. If he had turned his attention to these pursuits, he could have done so much lasting good. He was also a man of contradictions. Vain, arrogant, and ambitious, he loved himself, but he was not afraid to recognize and praise ability in others. He was ruthless when necessary, but he does not seem to have been driven by hate as some later dictators were. All in all, he still fascinates us today."
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French Art Auctions, 2007.
A look at the impact of the French auction market legislation reform on the French art market and international art auction business.
8,770 words (approx. 35.1 pages), 30 sources, APA, AU$ 293.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the effects of the opening of the French auction market to foreign auction houses on local French auction houses, the international auction market and the French art market in general. Specific problems that are investigated in include the impact of the French auction market reform on local French auction houses and whether they have thrived in competition with their larger international counterparts.It also looks into related issues, such as whether the change in French legislation has led to the export or import of more works of art into France for sale and whether the high taxes and stringent regulation regarding the sale and exportation of works of art from France offset any increase in the market share that would have come from the liberalization of their auction market.
Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
A Brief History of the Auction Market in France
Changes Brought By the Reform
Impact of the Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ever since the profession of auctioneer was invented in France, some five hundred years ago, they have been government officials, a kind of civil servants appointed by the Ministry of Justice because the art auctioning business was viewed as a public service just like justice and internal affaires. This monopoly was established by a royal edict of Henri II in 1556. All the profits from the activity went to the French state. All these authorized auctioneers were holding a monopoly over the art sales that were conducted on the French market. They were not only controlled and appointed by the government, they are actually considered to be government officials. "
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Battle of Quebec, 2003.
Examines causes of the French defeat in the 1759 battle.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
Discusses the mistakes made by French military commander-in-chief, the Marquis de Montcalm. Describes his initial blunder in attacking the British forces, his error in judgment, and the background to the battle.
From the Paper
"This essay discusses whether and to what extent the military defeat of French forces during the Battle of Quebec was attributable to mistakes made by its Commander-in-Chief, General Louis-Joseph, the Marquis de Montcalm (1712-1759)."
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French Influence in India, 2002.
Looks at the French influence in India during the 18th and 19th centuries.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
Historians have paid relatively little attention to the influence of the French in India. The history that has been written by the British proves to minimize the role of the French; and not surprisingly, French accounts of affairs tend to embellish the details. This paper will attempt to find this middle ground in efforts to provide an objective account of French influence in India during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the final analysis, it will be made clear that after their defeat by the British in 1783, the French played a valuable role in helping India thwart complete British domination of their country.
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French Revolution, 2006.
A look at the underlying causes of the French Revolution.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The time before the French Revolution was called the Old Regime. Under the Old Regime France was a nation with a large population, a powerful army and a glamorous court system. Paris, the capital, was the center of culture. Educated people in all of Europe spoke French, read French literature and copied French customs. France seemed to be the leading nation in a glorious age. Nevertheless, according to this paper, the French Revolution actually had roots deep in 18th century French society. More specifically, the paper explains that, in spite of the political, economic, and military power France held under the Old Regime, the stability of the Old Regime was already at risk because of serious troubles brewing beneath the surface that had been ignored for too long.
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French-Iraqi Economic Relations, 2002.
An examination of French-Iraqi economic relations and the reasons for French opposition to the war against Saddam Hussein.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the French attitude towards the war effort to disarm Iraq and how France remains opposed to the use of force to achieve such goals. It looks at how the French position is influenced by its economic ties with Iraq, which is its largest trading partner in the Middle East region. It evaluates how the reasons for the French position range from political considerations to economic interest and analyzes some of these interests and the future consequences of war on them.
From the Paper
"Preventing war against Iraq would help France maintain its economic interest in Iraq. As its former colony, France does not want the United States to replace it; such condition would lead to a loss of the French influence in the region. There are charges that the US is also interested in the Iraqi oil, and if Iraq were defeated, the United States would become the temporary ruler in Iraq, and would gain from such effort, by winning oil concessions. Clearly, it is not in France?s interest to be pushed aside in Iraq, it is also a blow not only to its prestige, but also to its economic interests."
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The French Revolution, 2005.
This paper analyzes whether the French Revolution was a class war
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the classes represented in the French Revolution are (1) "The First Estate", which was the clergy, (2) "The Second Estate", which represented the nobility and (3) "The Third Estate" which was at the bottom of the hierarchical ladder, representing the poorer and lower classes of people in France. The author points out that no philosophies, either in whole or in part, actually caused the French Revolution; but, because the philosophers of the Enlightenment attacked the established order and authority of any kind, their ideas helped to produce what can only be called a "revolutionary mentality". The paper concludes that the French Revolution was a war of the classes: However, the lines are not clearly drawn dividing the classes; therefore, it is clear that the French Revolution was a war of and a war within the social classes in the society of France.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Beginning of the Revolution
Classes Represented in the French Revolution
First, Second and Third Estates Grow Dissatisfied with Their Lot
Americas' Influence on the Revolt of the French
Effects of the Enlightenment in Relation to the French Revolution
Beliefs of the Revolutionaries
From the Paper
"At the time of the French Revolution France was under the rule of an absolute monarchy and was a monarchy that was under the rule or reign of King Louis XIV (1643 - 1715). Louis XIV encouraged both trade and manufacture and centralized the country during this time period. The individuals represented by all three estates, The First, Second and Third Estate has grown dissatisfied with their lot in life for one reason or another. The main reason for the Nobility's dissatisfaction was the longing to regain the power that the monarchy had stripped from them. The peasant class as well as the bourgeoisie class was extremely unhappy over the system of taxation that operated in France and the Bourgeoisie resented deeply the privileges enjoyed by the Nobility class in France during that time period."
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French Animosity, 2001.
This paper examines why Americans have such animosity to the French.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper tries to understand the phenomena why so many Americans have such animosity to the French. It looks at the common history that the two nations share, the similarities and also their differences and asks where the root of this animosity started.
From the paper:
"France is a member of the European community and French is spoken all over the world, from Europe to North America to Africa. Yet why are there so many jokes about, and so much animosity towards the French? Some of the problems Americans have with the French perhaps stem from the fact that the French seem fairly similar to us on the surface in appearance and prosperity, yet act so differently. For instance, many English words have French roots due to the Norman invasion of our parent country of England in 1066. (Let?s Go 59) Yet the French, even in contrast to other European countries, have always gone ?their own way,? perhaps most famously Charles DeGaulle?s bowing out of NATO during the formation of that organization after World War II."
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Edward Erickson's "Defeat in Detail", 2004.
An analysis of Edward Erickson's book about the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, "Defeat in Detail".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Edward Erickson's 2003 book, "Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans". The paper discusses specific reasons for the defeat of the Ottoman Empire. It also discusses Erickson's credentials and the methodology used in the book.
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The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 2003.
This paper analyzes the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, written in 1791, following the French Revolution.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike the United States' Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of Rights was written first, as a statement to the French people of the supreme guarantee of rights and as a symbol of liberty and egalitarianism, which was modeled after the beliefs of the American Constitution. The author points out that the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ensured freedom to a society under absolute rule and outlined the basic fundamental principles enjoyed by a free society: No longer is the power invested in the king but in the people. The paper stresses that the National Assembly disjoined politics and religion because they considered the Catholic Church to be an enemy of liberty, a power that would try to revoke what the Declaration had just guaranteed.
From the Paper
"In declaring sovereignty for the French, the declaration was a loose interpretation of what America had scripted fifteen years earlier. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, to break colonial allegiance with Great Britain. The document asserts the right to be free and independent states, where under a fair government there is a promise for man's entitlement to independence. Such beliefs have a direct correlation with what the French conveyed in their declaration. Jefferson wrote, "...all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Brophy 190). This line is almost identical to the one found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen."
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