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Fight against AIDS, 1991.
This paper discusses the controversy over legal moralism vs. education approach to fighting AIDS.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 102.95
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From the Paper
"... deals with the issue of fighting the spread of AIDS. Different groups have very different ideas on how to fight the deadly disease, and in this article two groups are highlighted. One, the legal moralists, believes in implementing laws which restrict the autonomy of certain individuals in the name of preserving the majority. This group adopts the utilitarian point of view. Its opposition believes in education as the answer: "Education is our only hope for prevention, and here we confront the barrier of societal practices regarding homosexuality.". These group members adhere to the political perspective and have a problem with the legal moralist's motives for wanting AIDS legislation. While a legal moralist "sees laws ... "
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The Fight Against AIDS, 2004.
An analysis of the programs and actions taken by various health agencies to combat the spread of AIDS and the HIV virus.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the health programs available and community actions taken to support cities and communities in their fight against the spread of AIDS and the HIV virus. The paper discusses the demographic information of cities with a high rate of HIV/AIDS, as well as other statistics referring to HIV/AIDS. This paper focuses on Miami, one of the major HIV/AIDS areas. The paper presents an overview of the benefits that the health programs provide in different states. The paper also explores the success of such programs in terms of combating the disease.
From the Paper
"Title I is a grant that supports financially incapable HIV/AIDS patients. Included in this grant are different healthcare support services such as medical and dental care. There are 50 cities that are in critical needs and are supported by this grant. One program in this type of grant is the Public Laws 101-381. This was passed by the Congress in 1990 and was extended until 2001 by former President Bill Clinton. Another program is the Ryan White Care that supports the needs of HIV/AIDS patients through a less-costly consultations and effective community-based prevention programs."
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AIDS in Africa, 2001.
This paper discusses the policy problems of fighting AIDS in Africa, highlighting the countries of Uganda and Senegal.
5,565 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 217.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that efforts to roll back the AIDS epidemic in Africa simply have not kept pace with the epidemic itself; therefore, the "International Partnership against AIDS in Africa," made up of African governments, the United Nations, donors, and the private and community sectors, was organized to establish and maintain processes by which governments, civil society, and national and international organizations working against AIDS in Africa can work together more effectively to curtail the spread of HIV. The author details the successful Brazilian policy program, which manufactures generic AIDS medicines and distributes them for free to HIV infected patients, and reviews the possibility of adapting this program in Africa. The paper concludes that, to be successful in preventing HIV transmission, countries need to work simultaneously on many fronts, such as schools, health facilities, and the workplace, through media campaigns, and through outreach to sex workers.
Table of Contents
The Problem
The Structure of the UN's Present AIDS Program
The UN's Present AIDS Strategy in Africa
The Cure
Policy Background
Path Dependency (What Is Being Done Now)
Possible Problems for Implementation
Lesson Drawing
Lesson Variables
Uganda and AIDS
The Problem
Government Response
Implementation
Monitoring
Senegal
Government Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The policy of drug manufacture and distribution is actually a quick fix in the Brazilian community. For two decades, NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) in Brazil have lobbied the government to take part in reforming the healthcare system in Brazil. NGO's are activist groups, which are largely community based and receive funding and organization from a wide variety of sources. Some NGO's are formed from international sources and many remain autonomous and independent. According to a survey done by Nelson Solano in Sao Paulo conducted of some 87 of these NGO's, about 51 were held to be autonomous, 19 to be religious based and 11 linked to sexual emancipation groups. Information about funding in the survey was lacking, however, due to the NGO's lack of eagerness to revealing their sources. NGO's have led the social movement against AIDS in Brazil and are mainly responsible for much of the progress toward treatment and a cure for AIDS in Brazil."
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Brazilian Approach to AIDS, 2001.
This paper discusses the Brazilian approach to fighting AIDS and evaluates the possibility of applying this model to the United States and other countries.
2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the political process that led the Brazilian government to provide persons infected with HIV with the drugs needed to stave off the virus, giving the individual's body time to rebuild its immune system, thus stabilizing the growth of the disease within the population. The author points out that, in Brazil, any patient can walk into a government clinic, certify, and get the drugs made by the government, free of charge; whereas, in the United States, AIDS drugs are provided through the complexity of the health care infrastructure and funded by a variety of methods such as private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and private organizations. The paper relates that the global, commercial drug companies are fighting the Brazilian program because the price of their drugs is 72% higher than the price of the Brazilian drugs produced under the government program. Graphs.
From the Paper
"The search across space and time for a solution to this problem may not have been a conscious thing. The simple glance at a newspaper article can spark the imagination and thus inspire a lesson to be drawn. Certainly, in America, we like to think of ourselves as leaders. When the title of an article proclaims a foreign nation to be a world leader, some attention is owed the topic. The question of whether the program would work in the U.S. or not must be answered second to the question of whether we should even look to Brazil in the first place. Using a matrix used by Richard Rose to test the initial question the answer may be yes."
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The Politics of AIDS, 2006.
A look at the effects of the division in the political conscience of the 1980s during the AIDS epidemic and the implications of this on the effects the disease would have on the American population.
1,286 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the most hindering part of the opposition between conservatives and liberals in the fight against AIDS was a psychological one. It looks at how the conservative mindset was one of idealistic concern for the moral crisis brought out by AIDS and how the liberal mindset was more of a concern for the environmental crisis that also played a part in it. It also discusses how fighting each other over issues of morality and social problems should have been replaced by the fight for the preservation of human life.
From the Paper
"The first cases of AIDS were identified in San Francisco and New York city. It seemed initially only to affect the gay community and not much else was known about it. Though it revealed itself in the form of infections such as Pneumonia, no one agreed yet upon where it came from, how it was transmitted, and what should be done to contain it. By 1982, however, it was taking lives of gays and heterosexuals alike. From the political right, there was pressure to categorize AIDS as an epidemic caused by what people perceived to be a decay of morality in America. From the political left, people were attributing it to the increasing damage to the environment due to mass consumerism and bomb warfare. Because of these opposing views, the process of containing the disease was stunted, as it continued to kill what would become millions of people."
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AIDS Project Los Angeles (APLA), 2002.
Examines the good this AIDS service organization does for the HIV positive population of LA.
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the different functions of APLA provides and the charitable services it offers. These functions include-- a call center for questions about AIDS, education services to encourage safe sex, fights for HIV/AIDS related legislation, residential services, a woman's program, food distribution center, adult-child buddy program and legal aid in HIV-AIDS related cases.
From the Paper
"The Necessities of Life Food Bank distributes approximately $2 million worth of groceries to over 1,300 poor clients every year. Professional dentists and hygienists offer various dental services at the Greene/LeBaron Dental Clinic. The Public Benefits and Insurance Counseling helps people apply for government assistance such as Medi-Cal and other forms of health insurance. Clients also have access to the HIV/AIDS Legal Services Alliance (HALSA). This organization offers free services to clients dealing with financial, economic and legal matters. Licensed professionals at APLA?s Pacific Center offers mental health services to the clients (M. G. Muchler, telephone communication, May 22, 2000)."
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Combatting the AIDS Epidemic, 2005.
A look at the AIDS epidemic in the U.S. and around the world and a discussion about whether enough is being done to fight the disease.
1,291 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the health problem the AIDS epidemic poses to the U.S. and to the world and provides statistics regarding the number of deaths caused by AIDS, the number of people infected by AIDS or HIV and the segment of the population that is most affected. The paper further describes measures that must be taken in order to combat the AIDS epidemic and explains that not enough is being done to stop the virus.
From the Paper
"Two hundred and twelve new cases of AIDS are diagnosed every day in the USA, where someone dies from AIDS every ten minutes. By the end of 1990 more than 100,000 people had already died from AIDS in the US alone. In 1991 more young Americans will die from AIDS than perished in the entire Vietnam War. Indeed, AIDS is now the leading cause of death for all American men aged between 25 and 44, and all American women aged between 15 and 33. In February 1990 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported a cumulative total of 11,189 women with AIDS in the United States, 52 per cent of whom were originally infected through needle-sharing, and a further 19 per cent through unprotected sex with male injecting drug users. "Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control believe that every U.S. company will have at least one employee with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) at some point" (Fontenot, 1992). Indeed, 28 per cent of all people with AIDS in America have been infected through needle-sharing, and it is currently estimated that 70 per cent of injecting drug users in some areas are already infected. Women with AIDS now make up 9 per cent of the national US total, and heterosexual transmission which accounted for only 1.2 per cent of cases in 1982, is now responsible for 4.9 per cent of the total case-load."
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AIDS in Ghana, 2004.
Looks at the impact the AIDS virus is having on Ghana and the steps being taken to combat the disease.
906 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of AIDS in the sub-Saharan country, Ghana. It talks of when AIDS was first reported in Ghana, the implications of the disease for the future of the country, how its development in Ghana is different than that of other African nations, and what measures organizations within Ghana are taking in order to fight the spread of AIDS.
From the Paper
"AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, has devastated much of Africa, hitting this continent worse than any other in the world. In fact, in the year 2000, 80% of the world?s total AIDS-related deaths were within Africa. (BBC 2000) One of the areas hit the hardest by this virus has been the Sub Saharan region. Ghana, within that region, has also been ravaged by AIDS, but it has a significantly lower percentage of AIDS cases than much of the rest of Africa. While the AIDS within Ghana has many of the same causes and effects on the people who are infected with the disease, it is a unique situation within Africa because of its particular effects on the women of the country, and the fact that there are comparatively fewer AIDS cases within this country."
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The Impacts of HIV/AIDS, 2002.
This paper looks at specific groups within gay communities and how they have been affected by HIV/AIDS.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the way in which the AIDS crisis has brought forth the underlying tension between the gay community and the general public. The writer argues that the fight against AIDS has brought the whole society together in recognizing not only the vulnerability of each individual, but also the fundamental unity of humanity.
From the Paper
"The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has brought to the forefront the gay community?s redefinition of the concept of family. Contrary to the common perception of family as "the family of procreation," the family of gay individuals includes lovers and friends. During the AIDS crisis, many gay individuals have relied upon the support of their gay family. Therefore, difficulties over the rights of each "family" emerge when the gay individual dies. Thus, this definition that was once simply enforced within the gay communities became a political, social and economic issue that had to be determined in court cases (Nardi, 1997, pp. 59-61). With increasing recognition in court battles and public forums, the perception of gay individuals as having domestic relationships has replaced the sexual image of gay individuals. The AIDS crisis has highlighted the fact that gay families did not have many advantages of typical families, such as spousal benefits (Nardi, 1997, p. 78)."
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AIDS Among African-Americans, 2002.
A look at the high statistics of AIDS and HIV infection among African-Americans and what can be done to fight this phenomenon.
1,148 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the factors underlying the distressing statistics and looks at what can be done to alleviate the widespread occurrence of AIDS among African-Americans. Several elements are examined including social, economical and health influences in order to understand the causes of this pervasive epidemic. The paper suggests that misconceptions about AIDS and lack of prevention knowledge are factors putting African-Americans most at risk and these factors may stem from inequality.
From the Paper
"Certain factors have been found that contribute to a higher risk of HIV among African Americans. Two of the most common behavioural risks for women are intravenous drug use and prostitution related to drug use (Sanders-Phillips, 2002). Among African American college students, where the heterosexual transmission of HIV is significantly higher, certain barriers were identified that prevented this population from practicing safer sex. These issues, in order of importance, were negative views of condoms, trust issues, living for the moment, and feelings of invincibility (Duncan et. al., 2002). Another suggested factor contributing to the AIDS epidemic among African Americans is the social stigma attached to homosexuality, and furthermore HIV, in this population. In a study by Kennamer et al. (2000), African American men were found to be less likely to disclose their sexuality and associate with homosexual groups. This apparent stigma would furthermore result in African American gay men being less likely to seek information or attention regarding HIV and AIDS."
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AIDS and Southern Asia, 2006.
A discussion regarding what the governments of southern Asian countries are doing about the growing AIDS crisis.
1,958 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, with the HIV/AIDS crisis in southern Asia reaching the breaking point, governments in this region need to do more to fight against this deadly disease which is spreading rapidly. According to the paper, more action especially needs to be taken to protect vulnerable women and children in the form of providing more access to education and treatment for HIV/AIDS.
From the Paper
"Women comprise a very substantial percentage of those infected with HIV/AIDS in India. "Currently 39% of HIV-positive Indians are women" (Morris, p. 1). One reasons for the escalating risk to women and children of contracting the AIDS virus in countries such as India, where it is overpopulated, there is limited access to good jobs, and a large number of people are in poverty, is that a substantial number of women are employed as sex workers. Fighting India's AIDS Apathy discusses the fact that thousands of women working in the sex industry in India have lost their lives to AIDS and the message is just now starting to get out that these women need to protect themselves. Because these women are at high risk of AIDS, they often pass it along to their male clients who in turn pass it to their wives and families."
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Aids, 2007.
This paper examines the fatal disease of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that although the AIDS disease is still not completely understood, what is known is that HIV infects the T-cells of the immune system, and as the body fights back, it is eventually overwhelmed. The writer notes that this leaves the body vulnerable to infections and cancers. The writer looks at symptoms and diagnosis of the disease. The writer concludes that in the 1980s AIDS was seen mainly in homosexual and bisexual men, however now the majority of new HIV infections are seen in drug users who share needles, and among women sexual partners of drug users.
From the Paper
"It is theorized that the virus passed from the blood of the chimps into humans through superficial wounds, since chimpanzees are hunted for food in this region, and that it may have begun as early as the 1930s."
"Although the disease is still not completely understood, what is known is that HIV infects the T-cells of the immune system, and as the body fights back, it is eventually overwhelmed, thus leaving the body vulnerable to infections and cancers. While some people develop flu-like symptoms shortly after infection, others have not symptoms, and it may be months or years before serious symptoms develop in adults, however infants who are infected in the womb or at birth will generally develop symptoms with the first two years of life."
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AIDS: Africa's National Disaster, 1998.
A look at the causes of AIDS and the difficulties of the African population in coping with the epidemic.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 22 sources, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the causes of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and the difficulties faced by the population fighting the disease.
From the Paper
?Only 10 percent of the world's population lives south of the Sahara, but the region is home to two-thirds of the world's HIV-positive people, and it has suffered more than 80 percent of all AIDS deaths."
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Preventing the Spread of AIDS, 2002.
The paper discusses actions that can be taken to help prevent the spread of AIDS.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper states that education is the most valid and effective means to fight the spread of the disease. The paper outlines programs to protect against contaminated hypodermic needles. The author believes that sexual abstinence is the first and best defense against sexual transmission of the disease, but often this is simply not a realistic approach.
From the Paper
"One way to address the problem is by instituting a needle exchange program. The suggestion has been made that one way to control the spread of AIDS through at least the intravenous (IV) drug using population is to create a program for the exchange of needles, a program that would not be a law enforcement tool but a public health program. IV drug abusers would be given new needles for their muse rather than having to use old needles because of the danger posed by the sharing of needles as far as passing the HIV infection from one person to another. Programs like this have been instituted in several cities with varying results. ... suggest, along with many other researchers, that prevention efforts to reduce the risk of AIDS among IV drug users should be a priority considering the high levels of AIDS risk behavior within this population and the fact that the sexual partners of IV drug users are also at risk. The sharing of needles is the primary risk factor for IV drug users."
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Bull Fighting in Spain, 2008.
Presents arguments in favor of Spanish bull fighting and opposed to bull fighting with type of argument and fallacy indicated in the opposition argument.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper first supports the decision of the state-run Spanish television network in ending the tradition of broadcasting bull fighting and presents reason for this position. The paper then takes the opposite position in favor of bull fighting. In opposition argument, the paper identifies the type of fallacy and argument mistakes.
Table of Contents:
Against Bull Fighting
Response Paper Indicating Type of Fallacy and Argument: For Bull Fighting
From the Paper
"People who criticize bullfighting disrespect tradition and by discrediting customs, they hope to achieve globalization and the deletion of what is specific to each nation. (guilt by association) Perhaps my arguments are in vain since most protesters are American, and Americans do not know much about traditions. (hasty generalization) Also, I find it a bit ironic that a nation that was born only a few centuries ago can criticize Spain who was an immensely wealthy and advanced state at the time when America was being discovered. Moreover, the fact that America has virtually no authentic universal customs or traditions does not give it the right to criticize others for having a cultural background which they want to preserve. (personal attack)."
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Fighting Corruption and Global Management, 2005.
This paper unravels and examines the mechanics of corruption and the ways to fight it. It then offers solutions to the growing body of government and corporate organizations trying to fight it.
9,687 words (approx. 38.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 317.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how corporations must create a corporate culture that refuses bribe requests and establish clear corporate codes that employees unwaveringly adhere to. They must also assure managers that the company will back them when they refuse to pay. The paper explains that the potential, in terms of criminal liability, skewed relationships, lost contracts, disqualification from government contracts, loss of reputation is simply too great to ignore. Because bribery is illegal, it is conducted behind closed doors, with those involved expending time and resources to keep their secret. It discusses how companies also face the very real possibility of being pushed to pay more and more bribes as their reputation as a bribe-payer spreads. The writer argues that there are international trade implications surrounding corruption - corruption degrades markets, and increases transaction costs. Corruption also drastically affects economic development by causing a mis-allocation of resources. But more damaging is the fact that in endemically corrupt systems, regular people are not getting served by the government; they don't trust the government so they don't interact with the government. The paper concludes that third world countries suffer the most at the hand of corrupt business managers and politicians - as companies strive to eliminate corruption, economic globalization for all countries will no doubt improve.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Background of the Importance of Business Management
Direct Effect of Global Corruption on Business Management
The Emerging Global Anti-corruption of Management
Global Business Management Leadership Practices & Studies
Motorola
General Electric (GE)
Corruption in Third World Countries
Globalization in Third World Countries
Corruption and Business Management
Future Measures
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Increasing, in many parts of the world, companies and governments alike have recognized that corruption raises the costs and risks for doing business. Corruption has a corrosive impact on both market opportunities overseas and the broader business climate. During the last 10 years, dramatic new imperatives have emerged for companies to take action against corruption and bribery. Once viewed by many firms as an awkward but necessary requirement of doing business, corruption and bribery are emerging instead as a form of business malpractice. Corruption also deters foreign investment, stifles economic growth, and undermines legal and judicial systems. The risks of exposure have become greater, the costs of exposure more substantial, and a compelling body of evidence demonstrates that engaging in corruption and bribery damages company integrity, degrades the business environment, and fails to create enduring competitive advantage.
As a result of this problem, and to obtain a competitive advantage in the global markets of the twenty-first century, a growing number of businesses are taking proactive steps to detect and prevent corruption. With respect to the emerging international anti-corruption environment, the unifying concept in all of the global and regional processes is that effective action to prevent, detect, and punish corruption must be taken by each individual government and company. Leadership companies have responded to these imperatives by establishing comprehensive anti-corruption and bribery programs that include strong written policies, extensive training, and rigorous auditing and internal controls. In the later 1990's, a consensus emerged among businesses, governments, academics, and ordinary citizens that bribery and corruption are not defensible in either economic or cultural terms. Recent times have shed light on a number of companies that have experienced serious corruption and bribery incidents and have suffered reputation damage and enforcement actions as a result."
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