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Federal deficit, 2005.
A brief look at the federal deficit from various economic perspectives.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the federal deficit from five economic perspectives: opportunity costs, the production possibilities curve, the invisible hand principle, the Laffer curve and good economics vs good politics. The paper then looks at different methods for controlling the deficit.
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Federal Deficit and National Debt, 1992.
An examination of the various aspects of the causes of, possible solutions for and potential impacts of the national debt and federal budget deficit.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 115.95
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From the Paper
"Budget Deficits and the National Debt: Consequences for the Economy
Introduction
The candidacy of H. Ross Perot succeeded in placing the issues of budget deficits and the accumulating national debt on the political agenda. The debate over the nature of the deficit, its magnitude, and its consequences for the national economy have been raging in the economic community for quite some time but the issue now appears to have entered the more general public dialogue. The analysis which follows attempts to define the different economic perspectives on the national debt and deficits. It evaluates the differing perceptions of the consequences of the debt and deficits for the U.S. economy and concludes with a..."
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Taxes and the Federal Debt, 2002.
A paper which explores how cutting taxes might ultimately help the growing federal debt.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how cutting taxes may ultimately be an important strategy in reducing the federal debt of the United States. The federal debt has been a long standing concern of American citizens, politicians and economists. Today, the federal government faces a projected gross federal debt of $6,118,364 million in 2005. The paper shows how governments have traditionally taken the stance of increasing taxes or cutting spending in order to reduce the deficit. These attempts have largely failed due to unanticipated budget concerns. It explores how, in traditional attempts to reduce the debt, cutting taxes was thought to be a way to decrease national revenues, thus potentially increasing the debt. However, many economists are now considering that cutting taxes may help to stimulate the economy, paradoxically resulting in increased taxation revenue through higher employment and better wages. The paper examines how tax cuts may prove to be a way to increase revenues, thus potentially providing a means to reduce the federal debt. It also examines President Bush's Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA, designed to cut taxes, reduce the debt, and stimulate the national economy.
From the Paper
"Critics however, argue that EGTRRA will ultimately fail. They note that misrepresentations in federal budgeting overestimate budget surpluses, including mistakes in long term costs of retirement programs from a budgeted $5.6 trillion to a mere 1.6 trillion. Further, they note that EGTRRA will reduce revenues through tax cuts. Ultimately, the critics argue that the combination of a decreased budget surplus and tax cuts will sink the EGTRRA (Gale and Potter).
If the critics are correct, and the EGTRRA fails, the government will be forced to increase taxes, reduce spending, or increase the public debt. As such, plans to reduce taxes may once again result in increased federal debt."
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The American Budget Deficit., 2001.
An in-depth examination of the American budget deficit and how it has been affected by different administrations and varying social conditions.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the US Federal Budget during the Clinton administration and how he reduced the deficit to a surplus amount in 1998. He moves on to discuss the changing American economy and provides examples of why he considers that there are times in a nation?s life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial. The author suggests that use of debt spending during wars and times of recession help to boost the economy but can be detrimental to the Stock Market. He further examines levels of taxation and compares the effect that different administrations have had on the federal deficit.
From the paper:
?Determining the correct, or economically benign, level of deficit and debt is a subject for endless debate. Economies do not operate by a simple law of cause and effect, of plus and minus, of deficit and surplus. They are complex interweaving of many economic and psychological factors, both domestic and international. Although a huge deficit is never to be praised, there are times in a nation?s life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial.?
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The Budget Deficit, 2006.
This paper argues that the budget deficit does not actually have a significant economic meaning, at least when taken by itself.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the budget deficit, defined as the amount the government borrows in order to fulfill the budgetary allocations in the federal budget, is at an all-time high, which is not that concerning because most often expenditures exceed revenues and the bridging of the gap between the two requires government borrowing from foreign or private entities. The author points out that, if the deficit increases 2.5% in one year, but GDP also increases by this same amount, the deficit as a portion of the federal budget has remained the same. The paper concludes that the examples show that the vast majority of current federal budget programs demonstrates that increased operating deficits do not necessarily mean poorer performance; in fact, the percentage of debt as a portion of GDP is a much better predictor of effectiveness in the federal budget mechanism.
From the Paper
"With these criteria in mind, we will turn attention to the current federal budget, which has been in deficit status since 2002, and seems destined to remain so for the next several years. The FY2006 proposed budget includes a $390 billion deficit, not including potential expenditures in Iraq and Afghanistan or any social security reform measures undertaken-a seemingly huge discrepancy between government revenue and spending. President Bush has vowed to reduce deficit spending by half in the next five years-and appears to be holding true to that promise, as the 2006 deficit is smaller than the $427 billion deficit in the FY2005 budget."
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The U.S. Current Accounts Deficit, 2007.
A review of the causes of the U.S. current accounts deficit and a possible solution to the deficit.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the problem and causes of the U.S. current accounts deficit. According to the paper, the U.S. current account tracks the trade balance, income payments and unilateral transfers. The paper reports that the current account deficit now accounts for about seven percent of the GDP. The paper concludes with possible solutions to the problem.
Outline:
Background
The Causes of the U.S. Current Account Deficit
Risks of the U.S. Current Account Deficit
Possible Solutions for the U.S. Current Account Deficit
From the Paper
"Since 2000, however, the increase in the current account deficit has reflected mostly a decline in public sector saving because of the growing fiscal deficit and even more decline in an already low household savings rate (Rajan, 2005). Beginning in 2001, there has been larger public dis-savings in the U.S. with growing fiscal deficits caused by a weak economy, lower taxes and increased government spending, especially on the Iraq war (The United States current account deficit and world markets). And, personal savings rates in the U.S. have trended down strongly since 1991 and reached an average of only one percent in 2000 (The United States current account deficit and world markets). Personal saving rate in the U.S. are now substantially lower than the rest of the world. For example, they are 13 percent in Japan, 12 percent in Germany, and 15 percent in France. "
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Budget Deficits, 2006.
An introduction to budget deficits, what they are and their pervasive nature.
2,857 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that even since biblical times budget deficits have been a part of government financial policy and that once begun,they become a pervasive and destructive force on society. The paper also looks at how the current U.S. budget deficit began, explains just why budget deficits are problematic, examines the consequences of budget deficits and discusses what can be done to help address the problem. The paper also asserts that budget deficits can be controlled, if not eliminated, if society learns to live within the government's means.
Outline
Introduction to Budget Deficits
The Beginnings of Our Current Crisis
The Problems of Budget Deficits
Consequence of Budget Deficits
Distorting the Budget Decision-Making Process
Statutory Measures Just Won't Suffice
Social Security and Budget Deficits
Medicare and Other Entitlement Programs
Conclusions about Budget Deficits
From the Paper
"The idea of government deficit spending has been with humankind since the earlier times of the history of civilizations as recorded in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. The first recorded political leader to generate budget deficits, although they weren't so labeled, was King Solomon. As recorded in the books of the Chronicles and Kings, Solomon issued promissory commitments of various kinds to the King of Tyre, the Queen of Egypt, and the King of Lebanon to assemble the materials necessary to build the Temple."
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The United States Trade Deficit, 2003.
This paper explains what the trade deficit is, what causes it and how and why it is growing at the rate that it is. It discusses whether or not the trade deficit presents any kind of problem or risk to our economy as well as some possible solutions.
2,488 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 36 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
Hearing media reports of America's trade deficit most people are led to believe that it represents a drain on our economy and is caused by unfair trade practices of other nations. This paper explains why these notions are not entirely true. Both the upside and the downside of the trade deficit are discussed. It explains why foreign investments are the driving force behind the trade deficit, why protectionist policies are not effective in reducing it, and why it is part of a growing economy. It examines the potential risk inherent in an ongoing trade deficit and discusses what our government could do to bring it under control.
From the Paper
"The United States' trade deficit, also known as the current account deficit, is a measure of the balance of the flow of goods, services, and investments between the United States and the rest of the world. In other words it is the difference between how much we are selling to the rest of the world and how much we are buying from the rest of the world. A country that is selling more than it is buying is said to have a trade surplus. A country that is buying more than it is selling is said to have a trade deficit. The United States has been running a trade deficit for many years and in recent years it has been rising rapidly."
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Federal Budget Deficits, 2003.
An analysis of what caused the record budget deficit in 2003 and the potential effects of government deficits on the economy.
1,441 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the current budget deficit and its causes--a slow economy, tremendous spending on the Iraq war and tax cuts. The paper also addresses the economic effect of a deficit on the economy and the desirable and adverse effects caused by a deficit. This essay concludes that spending would be more productive if directed to structural elements of the economy.
From the Paper
"Budget deficits occur when government expenditure is greater than revenue, forcing the government to borrow to meet its requirements. There are many potential economic effects of a deficit; the most apparent is an expansionary effect on the economy caused by injections of money being greater than withdrawals. Fiscal policy, among many other mechanisms is used to manipulate the economy. However, budget deficits should be used as to not adversely affect the economy. The federal budget deficit set the new record of $374 billion in 2003, doubling last year?s efforts (Fram). The record deficit has been caused by the slow economy, tremendous spending on the Iraq war and tax cuts for the rich. This indicates that the great America does not know how to balance the checkbook, and certainly does not know how to spend wisely."
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Retirement Trust Funds and the Federal Budget Deficit, 1990.
This paper discusses the relationship between the Retirement Trust Funds and the federal budget deficit: Actuarial status of funds, income change for retirees, deficit and Social Security.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 153.95
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From the Paper
"In the summer of 1990, the federal government's budget deficit once again appears to be an uncontrollable beast, and, as usual, (1) the two major political parties attempt to blame one another for the problem, and (2) the Bush Administration and the Congress each attempts to cast the other in the role of villain. In the midst of the fight over the budget, a controversy has arisen over the retirement trust funds administered by the Social Security Administration. Somewhat inexplicably, the federal budget deficit and the retirement trust funds are, unfortunately, interrelated. It is this interrelationship which is examined in this research."
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder & Ritalin, 1996.
Discussion of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) & Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Further discussion of the drug Ritalin with an analysis of its frequency of prescription.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Why do doctors over prescribe Ritalin and why do they prescribe Ritalin more than any other medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? This paper will discuss ADHD and the possible reasons Ritalin is so popularly used in this disorder.
Attention deficit disorder (ADD), or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), can be debilitating and is widespread. For the most part, this condition is considered a childhood disorder. Most of the research involves children but more attention is now being given to older adolescents and adults. It is thought that ADHD lessens as children grow into..."
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Australia's Current Account Deficit, 2006.
An analysis of the reasons for and impact of the current account deficit in Australia.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Australia's persistent current account deficit that it has had since the 1950s. It questions why this deficit persists and how the current account deficit impacts on Australian foreign debt. The paper then discusses what measures have been undertaken by Australian governments in the past to reduce the current account deficit.
From the Paper
"As Australia embraces a globalised world, funds flow across our border, often as payment for goods and services traded. Other movements of capital occur when Australia lends money abroad, or is forced to service its debts. These transactions, from the public and private sectors, are collected and recorded in a register known as the current account. For the past 50 years Australia has experienced a persistent current account deficit, resulting from Australia being a net importer, and because of interest payments on foreign loans/ investment. Therefore, the current account has been of major concern for successive Australian Governments, who have attempted to adjust the balance, with little success in the long run. However, while burdened by large foreign debt, the Australian economy has proved resilient, recording some of the strongest growth for OECD nations in the past 30 years, and has avoided the woes of its major trading partners, such as the Asian financial crisis, Japanese stagnation and the technology share crash in the USA. This has led to the significance of the current account deficit being questioned, because it is apparent that an economy, such as Australia, can perform so well, while experiencing the third highest deficit in the world."
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Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, 2002.
An examination of self-care deficit nursing theory and how it contributes to nursing knowledge and practice.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This essay provides a critique of self-care deficit nursing theory. It reveals how the theory directly contributes to nursing knowledge and practice. By focusing in on a specific concept, the theory allows an immediate application of ideas to practice. Specifically, the paper illustrates how self-care deficit theory proposes that individuals have a set of tasks that are crucial to the maintenance of their health. A self-care deficit exists when the relationship between a person's ability to perform required actions is not adequate to meet all of the therapeutic self-care demand. This is where the function of nurses becomes instrumental.
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Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, 2008.
This paper provides an overview and application of Orem's self-care deficit theory.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a brief overview of the self-care deficit theory based on Dorothea Orem's use of the four meta-paradigmatic concepts. The paper demonstrates how a client, Mrs. S., has specific health-care deficits along with strengths and also looks at any areas in which the theory is not effective. The paper explains Orem's theory that a client's health is affected by a number of contributing personal factors and various factors that are found in the environment and maintaining and restoring health depends on whether the client can effectively cope with these factors and self-care requisites.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Self-care Deficit Theory
Self-care Theory Applied to Mrs. S
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Orem's theory of self-care is based in her concept of the human being. The person is a biopsychosocial self-care being who is capable of self-care. This is a holistic view involving multiple domains of the person. The goal of nursing is to assist and support the client with the need for self-care and to promote health. This goal is achieved by nurses who use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for the client. The environment contains internal and external stimuli with which the client interacts, and such interaction is crucial because the environment contains resources which contribute to self-care (Sousa & Zauszniewski, 2006)."
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Trade Deficit, 2003.
A discussion on trade deficit and its causes.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the links between the trade deficit, monetary policy, fiscal policy and foreign policy. It expands on the causes of trade deficit and offers solutions to this problem. The author discusses problems created by the approach of treating issues and problems in isolation.
From the Paper
"There is a strong tendency among American politicians and economists to attempt to deal with issues and problems in isolation. Politicians take this approach because they apparently have difficulty dealing with complexity ..."
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Federal Budget Deficit and Georgia, 2006.
This paper examines theories behind the Federal Deficit and attempts to apply them to state budgets, in particular, that of Georgia.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the federal budget deficit and various strategies that can be formulated to address it. Particularly important are several budgetary techniques employed at the state level, specifically Georgia, that are effective at controlling spending without increasing taxation. Private research institutes, such as the Cato Institute, often propose more radical solutions but these are indicative of the importance of controlling the deficit.
From the Paper
"Most analysts readily admit that the federal budget deficit is bordering on the unmanageable. Between geopolitical events such as the Iraq War, numerous petrochemical industry developments, and natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, increasing deficits at the federal level have been the modus operandi of the current administration: "The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) announced on August 26th that the fiscal year 2004 federal budget deficit will be an estimated $480 billion, and that deficits could total $5 trillion over the next 10 years" (Budget par.1). While certainly state budgets are not of the same magnitude as the federal government's budget, they are similarly devised and the federal government would be well-advised to appropriate some of the fiscal controls that many states have adopted. Georgia, for example, utilizes a revenue shortfall reserve program that is mandated by law (Georgia). Essentially, this fund is created..."
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