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Familiar Actions Breed More Business, 2002.
This paper presents an explanation as to why corporate-owned restaurants are more frequently visited and do better overall than individually owned restaurants.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses how the world prefers the comfort of familiarity when it comes to choosing a restaurant. The writer contends that it is the familiar decor, menu and food presentation that gives them a feeling of security that cannot be matched by the thrill of a newly discovered individually owned restaurant. This paper asserts that as long as the world thrives on familiar surroundings the chain restaurants will always do better and be more successful than privately owned shops.
From the Paper
?People often like to say they are adventure seekers. They claim that the same old same old drives them batty and they are always up for something new. This may be the case in many areas of life however in the area of eating in a restaurant people prove again and again that they prefer the tried and true to the unknown element of surprise. Restaurants that are corporate owned are more likely to be frequented than one that is individually owned and operated. Marketing executives have known this for a long time and often times target the advertisements to remind the viewer that the consistency of a corporate organization is preferable over the ?mom and pop? shop of yesteryear.?
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The Popularity of Negotiation Classes in Business Courses, 2006.
A discussion regarding ratio of negotiation classes to any other subject, in business schools.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theory according to Thompson and Leonardelli as to why there are more courses on negotiation being offered at business schools than courses on any other subject, with the exemption of core requirement classes, but also including non-degree and executive courses. According to this paper, Thompson and Leonardelli theorize that the combination of academia and business application has created the perfect breeding ground for negotiation theory and practice. Add to this the fact that negotiation is one of the more elusive skills for business people who often have the mindset that they need to look after their best interests, and one can begin to understand the need for training, in this area.
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The Simple View and Grudging Actions, 2002.
A defense of the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentions and intentional actions.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper serves as a defense for the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentions and intentional action. In this view, an agent does action X intentionally only if she intended to do X. This view is subject to criticism through examples of actions that were completed intentionally but were not intended by the agent. Such examples are forwarded by Gilbert Harman and Michael Bratman and are used to refute the Simple View. The goal of this paper is to defend the Simple View against the examples presented by Harman and Bratman by showing how Bratman's own definition of "intention" allows for the actions in his examples to be qualified as both intentional and intended. This paper serves as a follow-up to Hugh McCann's ""Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," which serves to counter some of Bratman and Harman's examples. It continues McCann's effort to defend the Simple View on a wider range of examples.
From the Paper
"There are two types of examples that seem to cause all kinds of problems for what Michael Bratman terms the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentional actions and intentions. The Simple View maintains that if an agent does an action A intentionally, then she intended to do A. The two groups of examples of intentional actions that seem to present challenges to the Simple View can be categorized by the nature of the beliefs and desires surrounding them. In the first group are intentional actions that the agent desires to achieve but is fairly or completely certain that she will not be able to do. This includes examples like Alfred Mele's golfer Lydia who is trying to hit a hole in one to win a million dollars. In the second group of examples are intentional actions that the agent believes she will carry out - either as a direct action or as a side effect of some other action - but that she really does not want to do. Let us call this group of actions grudging actions . This group includes examples like Gilbert Harman's sniper who knows he is going to alert the enemy to his presence by trying to shoot his target. In "Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," Hugh McCann offers a defense for the Simple View against examples from the first group, but he conspicuously does not address examples from the second set, leaving the Simple View vulnerable on this important front. In this paper I will attempt to follow up McCann by offering a reasonable defense for the Simple View for examples of grudging actions under Bratman's definition of intention. First, I will draw a distinction between two types of intentional actions that can fall into this group: direct actions and what I will call side-effect actions. This distinction will allow us to focus on the side-effect examples - which are really the only problematic ones for the Simple View - but it will also reveal an important point about how intentions to do something can hold up in the face of strong or even prevailing negative desires (i.e., desires not to do something). Building from there, I will then attempt to reconcile the Simple View with the side-effect examples and in doing so will consider a strong objection of Bratman's to the labeling of agents in these types of actions as intending these actions. "
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Freud's Bungled Actions Theory, 2007.
A detailed look at Freud's bungled actions theory.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines Sigmund Freud's bungled actions theory. The writer explores the basis for the theory and uses several examples to illustrate how Freud believed it worked. According to the theory, there is no such thing as an accident, but rather an unconscious desire. The author concludes that Freud believed it was necessary to explore these bungled actions by understanding their foundational roots. Only then could the person let go of the problem and have a healthier mental attitude.
Outline
Introduction
What It Is
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to understand the many underlying and sublime underpinnings of bungled actions as Freud understood them it is important that one first have a basic grasp and understanding of the theory itself. Freud developed the theory of Bungled Actions as a method to explain when things happen that seem to be accidental but play right into what that person desires at the time. The desire may not even be a conscious or purposeful event, but can be something that is desired in the subconscious and the accident or bungled action provides a means to get that desire accomplished."
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Community Actions Programs, 2006.
A review of community actions programs (CAP) and HIV/AIDS.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines community action programs (CAP's) and how they relate to substance abuse or dependence and HIV/AIDS prevention. The paper highlights which community programs promote initiatives to combat substance use and how it affects HIV/AIDS.
Outline:
Introduction
Community Actions Programs
From the Paper
"With this being understood Community Action Programs that address both issues are needed and necessary. The article explains that one such program called the Circle of Care which operates in Detroit, Michigan. This program offers ongoing assistance to those suffering form HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. The program uses assessment planning, intervention and evaluation to assist those with these problems. The program provides accompaniment to healthcare appointments, has an integrative treatment program, and the program also makes sure that participants are adhering to the plan (Anderson et al). According to the author the treatments from this program resulted in improved health and functioning and decreased drug use. "
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Civil Actions, 2003.
This paper reviews what are civil actions.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal recognition of grounds for a civil lawsuit including acts of negligence, intentional torts and strict liability as forms of tortious conduct. The author points out damages in civil actions and their purpose.
From the Paper
"Negligence, intentional torts and strict liability are all forms of tortious conduct for which the law recognizes grounds for a civil lawsuit The word tort comes from the Latin word tortus which means twisted or wrong. Tort has come to mean a ..."
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Civil RICO Actions, 2004.
This paper contends that civil RICO actions have gone beyond reasonable bounds and constitute an unreasonable burden on the American civil justice system.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper offers the argument that civil RICO actions have gone beyond reasonable bounds and constitute an unreasonable burden on the American civil justice system.
From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the state of the law concerning civil causes of actions brought under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations, RICO, part of the Organized Crime Control Act and then examines some of their broad ramifications for American society."
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The Rightness or Wrongness of Actions, 2005.
A discussion on whether an action must be morally judged with a consideration of the motive or with intention of the agent.
2,127 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a question raised in Mill's utilitarianism with reference to the works of that thinker and also Kant. After defining what is meant by the "rightness" or "wrongness" of an action, the paper discusses the phenomenon of assigning motives to agents in making a moral judgement. The difference between expected and actual consequences and its importance to the debate is emphasised. The paper ends with a discussion of the philosophy of Kant, which is found to be inadequate, as is the "motive-utilitarianism" of Singer.
From the Paper
"The question of whether an agent's motive in performing an action affect any possible moral judgement of it is a deceptively complex one. At first glance it seems quite straightforward, mainly because people in general spend much time debating, and generally concentrating on, others' motives. A good example is the multitude of detective stories over the years which reveal as a shocking climax the motive for the murder: a bogus insurance claim or a crime of furtive passion. These things have conditioned people to keep in mind the motives of others as they go about their lives, although many philosophers have argued that the motives and actions should be considered independently, as part of different categories. There is a much more complex relationship between the two than may be expected. The question also links quite closely with some others, extremely important to moral philosophy, and utilitarianism in particular."
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Lincoln?s Wartime Actions: An Example of the Tyranny of the Executive, 2005.
Argues that Abraham Lincoln's Civil War suspension of the writ of habeas corpus represents a quintessential example of the breakdown of separation of powers and checks and balances.
3,137 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that the danger of tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists was realized by Abraham Lincoln's abuses of his executive power that took place during the American Civil War. The paper argues that the most important of these was his suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. Other actions that may have exceeded the limits of presidential authority included the closing of mail services to publications considered to be treasonous, the imprisonment of individuals who had merely exercised their First Amendment rights to free speech by publicly opposing the war and Lincoln's actions, and several financial arrangements in support of the war, such as paying civilians a total of $2 million to assist in military recruiting. The paper explains that under the Constitution, Congress rather than the president has the authority to declare war and to control the mails, the military and the purse.
From the Paper
"During the critical formation stages of our government, several issues on which many of the Founding Fathers disagreed still demanded to be resolved. One of the major problems that bothered the Anti-Federalists was the amount of power provided to the executive, which they believed was too extensive and far-reaching. They feared that this excessive authority might eventually allow the executive to become tyrannical, and a tyrannical executive power was exactly what these men had managed to escape from in England through the Revolutionary War. Less than a century after the Founders had abandoned the Articles of Confederation and the states had ratified our Constitution, the executive did in fact demonstrate this dangerous foray into tyrannical abuses of power that had once so deeply concerned the Anti-Federalists."
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Is It Possible to Judge the Beliefs and Actions of Others?, 2002.
A discussion of the debate between cultural relativism and ethical objectivism.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the argument whether ethical objectivism or ethical relativism is the better view in relation to judging human beliefs and behavior. It puts forward the views of the eminent anthropologist Ruth Benedict who believes that human beliefs and actions vary because different cultures are exposed to numerous environments and have various histories and how a type of ethical relativism known as conventionalism, asserts moral decisions dependent upon the society one lives in. It also presents the argument for ethical objectivism as proclaimed by the philosopher Louis Pojman. In conclusion, the writer chooses which side of the debate he agrees with and describes why.
From the Paper
"The eminent anthropologist Ruth Benedict believes human beliefs and actions vary because different cultures are exposed to numerous environments and have various histories. She endorses a type of ethical relativism known as conventionalism, which asserts moral decisions are dependent upon the society one lives in. In other words most people living in society are like plastic in that they can be shaped according to the fashion of a particular culture. In short, normality is culturally defined. The best examples to illustrate how normality is social constructed are cultures where an abnormality of our culture is the cornerstone of another society's culture."
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WWI: European Actions, 2002.
Examines the causes of World War I and questions the justification of going to war, considering the terrible consequences.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the actions of the European powers were justified in beginning the Great War, considering the war's historical impact and huge loss of life.
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Synergistic Actions of IGF-I and Estrogen, 2004.
An examination of the relationship between IGF-I, estrogen, and breast cancer.
3,665 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 61 sources, APA, AU$ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) are mitogens whose functions are important in regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and how estrogen is another hormone that is involved in regulating a large array of cell processes. It looks at how both of these hormones are mitogens that act through receptor-mediated pathways. The MCF-7 cell line is a commonly used, breast cancer-derived cell line because it is easily replicable, and it differs from many others in that estradiol does not induce cell cycle progression. It looks at how recent research has found that synergistic action of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, its receptor, and estrogen induce cell cycle progression, promote signal transduction of IGF, and, thereby, increase proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells.
Outline
Introduction
MCF-7 Cell Stimulation
Estrogen
IGF-I and Estrogen Cross Talk
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the incidence of breast cancer as well as the recovery rate continues to rise, breast cancer is hardly a new problem. Breast cancer has been around for centuries however some researchers believe we are closer to a cure than ever before. Incidents of breast cancer have been documented back to the early Egyptians when the only treatment was surgical removal of the diseased tissue. Surgery was practiced but it was an extremely radical treatment considering there was no anesthesia available. During the mid 1800?s, surgeons first began to keep detailed records of breast cancer. Those statistics indicate that even those treated by mastectomy had a high rate of recurrence within eight years?especially when the glands or lymph nodes were affected."
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U.S. Policy Actions for Iraq, 2008.
A look at the different foreign policy options the US has to achieve its objective of maintaining political and military stability in Iraq.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different foreign policy options available to the US that will help it bring political and military stability in Iraq. The paper relates that the US options at this time fall under two main categories, but each with numerous ramifications and implications of their own. The US can either leave the country or remain, at the same time maintaining or increasing the number of troops present in Iraq. The paper then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both options as well as why they are so complicated. The paper concludes that all of the options discussed have significant disadvantages, notably more disadvantages than advantages, and that, at this time, there is no clear optimal solution that can be implemented in Iraq.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, leaving Iraq would send a dangerous message for future pacifying interventions like the one in Iraq was initially thought out to be: battle the invading forces, as hard as you can, and they will eventually accept defeat and leave. It would give out a message to the world, including to the US partners, that the Iraqi invasion was wrong in the first place and that the last four years have virtually meant nothing and have brought nothing along except a long list of casualties. Leaving Iraq poses a significant question of creditability on the part of the US in front of the entire world. "
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Heraclitus on Human Knowledge and Actions, 2004.
Discussion of Heraclitus's belief that people gain knowledge about the world that can be beneficial, but typically do not apply that knowledge to their everyday lives.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines and discusses the statement made by Heraclitus about the tendency for humans to gain knowledge about the world for their own good, and for the purpose of putting themselves in harmony with what the universal laws expect of them, and then not practice what they have learned. References to Plato's dialogues and Seneca's letters are used to support Heraclitus's statement.
From the Paper
"These words strongly relate to the fact that people often gain knowledge about the world for their own good and for the purpose of putting themselves in harmony with what the universal laws expect of them, but also do not manage to adhere to what they learn. Often individuals find themselves in situations where they cannot really overcome the universal desires of human beings. This refers to certain animal instincts that emerge from within even though man may attempt to appear totally civilized. The very act of war is a typical example that has been exemplified throughout history."
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Acts and Omissions in Moral Actions, 2005.
A discussion of the acts/omissions doctrine and its relation to morality.
2,028 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with the question of whether omitting to do something can be the same as actually performing an act. Is failing to give pensioners extra money for winter heating the same as shooting them dead personally, just because in both cases they die? The relation of motives to acts and omissions is discussed, as is the idea of an act being so inconvenient and difficult as to allow an omission. "Negative relevance" and the idea of "playing God" is also discussed.
From the Paper
"In moral philosophy, there is a significant debate raging about the relationship between acts and omissions of an agent. Logic dictates that the action of an agent leads to a consequence, which in most cases can be held up to moral judgement. When omissions are considered, however, it is more appropriate to say that the behaviour of the agent is what results in the consequences. For omitting to perform an action can be just as morally right or wrong as performing an action. This has led to some interesting and disturbing questions; in fact, it is testament to the power of reason that some cases in which anybody could be expected to have an instinctive moral judgement reaction in a certain direction actually turn out to be much less straightforward than they at first seem. Although the distinction between acts and omissions is by no means the only criterion for judging the morality of acts by, the discussion helps to further identify how moral judgements can be made. For example, the doctrine of double effect is connected to it, which also sheds some light on how motives and intentions work in influencing moral decisions."
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Representative Action, 2003.
A law paper providing a definition and discussion of the term "representative action", also known as class action.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining the concept of representative proceedings or actions. It then discusses the procedural aspects of commencing a procedural action. This is followed by a discussion of the benefits to both the applicant and respondent regarding representative actions and what the limitations of such proceedings are. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the future of representative actions.
From the Paper
"The popular term, Class Action, is better defined in the Australian Jurisdictions as a Representative proceeding, a proceeding in which a defined party (or parties), will bring an action as plaintiff on behalf of a group, of seven or more members , where the group has an issue arising out of common circumstances , giving rise to a common question of law or fact. The legislative provisions Part IVA are mirrored by the Judgement of Mchugh J in Carnie , where his honour held;
?In my opinion, a plaintiff and the represented persons have "the same interest" in legal proceedings when they have a community of interest in the determination of any substantial question of law or fact? "
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