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"Faith, Reason and the Plague in Seventeenth-Century Tuscany", 2006.
An overview of this book by Carlo M. Cipolla.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
In "Faith, Reason and the Plague in Seventeenth-Century Tuscany", Carlo M. Cipolla traces the relentless progress of the plague in Tuscany, then a highly developed region of Western Europe. As fear eventually lapsed into hysteria when confronted with death and widespread illness, the plague no doubt brought abrupt changes to religion and one's faith in the Almighty. The paper shows that, consequently, the idealized selfless image of the faithful and religious suffered during and after the plague. With economic and social tensions collapsing before one's very eyes with the advent of the disease, it was not uncommon for one to ponder how could God allow such an affliction to persist. Was the plague an evil made necessary by inescapable evolution, or perhaps a tragic accident at variance with the normal advance of events? The paper explores answers to this question, and others.
From the Paper
"Like the "Black Death" plague of the 14th century, the plague in the 17th century invoked a number of people to question their own faith and trust in a higher being. It must be stressed, however, that while confidence in the institutional churches may have waned due to the a self-centered, greedy image painted of the clergy, faith in Christ/God did not evaporate as one might expect. Rather, the imminence of death, brought closer than every by plague, made the need for salvation more pressing. One consequence was the spread of mysticism and lay piety. Mystics believed that God lived in every individual and that His presence was felt in proportion to one's ability to suppress intrinsic material and sensual inclinations and subject one's will to that of God."
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Seventeenth Century Education in America, 2002.
Compares and contrasts education in the Northern and Southern colonies of America during the seventeenth century. Also includes a review of the effects religion has had on the American educational system.
3,193 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
After providing a brief introduction on the educational scenario in America during the seventeenth century, the paper provides an overview of the two main schools of thought that were responsible for spreading education in the Northern and Southern colonies of America. Following the overview, educational developments in the Northern colonies are compared with those of the Southern colonies, the events detailed in order of their historical occasion. A analysis of traditional and modern education in context of religion and the American society follows, contrasting educational achievements and shortcomings of the Northern and Southern colonies of America during the seventeenth century.
Education in Northern Colonies
Education in Southern Colonies
Seventeenth Century Education in relation to Religion (North & South
Colonies)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The seventeenth century has been known as an age of faith that brought literacy and reason to the New World. For the colonists who came to settle their families, it was a new era of education for the grooming of their generations. The educational revolution, coupled with religious rebel of the sixteenth century was severe and shaking as its impact was felt both on the continent as well as in America. It were the educated Americans of the seventeenth century that thought and realized to use education and religion in coordination for widespread awareness among the people and quick acceptance of the reformation. Though most Americans substituted religion with humanitarianism, education was acknowledged unanimously for being indispensable to the newly emerging dominion (1)."
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Elizabethan and Early Seventeenth Century Love Poems, 2008.
Compares the Elizabethan-era Christopher Marlowe's poem "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" and early seventeenth century John Donne's poem "The Flea".
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Elizabethan-era Christopher Marlowe's poem "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" and early seventeenth century John Donne's "The Flea" share the same theme of romantic love; however, these poems are intrinsically and distinctly different as were the periods in which they were written. The author points out that, though both poem's speakers seek to win over the object of their desire, the ways they go about convincing their love are strikingly different, their images of love are juxtaposed and their definitions and depictions of love completely contrary. The paper concludes that Marlowe's poem describes a romantic love affair, while the speaker in Donne's poem goes in a different direction: sexual gratification.
From the Paper
'The role assigned to the man and woman of these two poems are quite different. In "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love", the speaker (the man) clearly adores his love, while the speaker of "The Flea" is, essentially, a flea himself. The role of the man in Marlowe's poem is to give gifts and praise and care for his love. The role of the man in Donne's poem is to attempt to persuade his love into having sex with him. The women are treated differently and have different roles as well. In Marlowe's poem, the woman is someone to be put on a pedestal that should be given the finest things nature can provide.'
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Faith and Reason: Conflicts of Authority in History and Fiction, 2002.
Explores the relationship between faith and reason in the history of the European inquisitions and in the representations of faith and reason in Eco's "Name of the Rose".
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
Both the perspectives of the European inquisitions and Eco's "Name of the Rose" offer important understandings of medieval history. Eco's novel exemplifies how singular perspectives are often ineffective in determining what is true, or what is truth. In this paper, the role of "truth" is explored as an important process of the inquisitions and an important question for the characters in Eco's novel. The novel, as fiction, plus historical understandings from non-fiction sources, help build an understanding of the role of the Inquisition in establishing bureaucratic processes and legal institutions.
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Seventeenth Century Fashion, 1997.
Argues that fashion styles reflect the spirit of an era. Examines the fashion of the 17th century to reveal the attitudes & prevailing social concepts held by the people of the time.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 38.95
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From the Paper
"Fashion reflects the spirit of the time, and an examination of the fashion of a given era should reveal certain attitudes and prevailing social concepts held by the people of that time. The fashion of the Seventeenth Century reflects the spirit of the age, a period of change, with political and social shifts that are reflected as well in the way fashion developed for both men and women.
Davenport (1948) notes a number of the major shifts taking place during the Seventeenth Century. She notes that this was a period of alteration and realignment as royal prerogative gained over feudal power so that the lord's responsibility for his people was weakened, shifting responsibility to the people themselves to a much greater degree. This was the era of the rise of new types of guild. The old, vertically-composed craft.."
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Seventeenth Century France, 2004.
An analysis of the stability of France on the death of Henry IV in 1610.
2,084 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the social, political, religious and economic state of France in 1610, on the eve of Henry IV's assassination. Particular emphasis is given to the religious situation in context to the Religious Wars of the previous century. The foundations on which Henry IV rose to power is also assessed. It also looks at the role and nature of Marie de Medici, the strength and influence of the aristocracy and the Charlotte de Montmorency affair and the decline of Spain.
From the Paper
"The first decade of seventeenth century France represents a period of relative tranquillity amidst a country exhausted by prolonged civil war and plagued by the perennial problems of aristocratic disloyalty, monarchical over-expenditure and the ever-present threat of Habsburg imperialism. By 1610 Henri IV?s France had reached a state of comparative stability unseen since the mid-sixteenth century yet his death in the same year and the subsequent re-opening of religious, political and social chasms in French society suggest it was not, even during Henri?s reign, so much a ?stable? country in the sense we have come to recognise, rather one of simmering, still-unsolved intrinsic problems, made temporarily dormant by the ??considerable magnetism and personal charms of the monarch?? ."
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Faith and Reason, 2002.
A discussion on two different ways of looking at the world, from a rational perspective and a religious perspective.
4,455 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 187.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses the distinction between faith and reason and questions whether it is possible to live with both of them at the same time. The writer contends that the path of reason requires that there be a rational explanation to everything, and any lack of human understanding along this path is a sign of ignorance only, an ignorance that can be erased by further knowledge. The paper contends that the path of faith demands that one believe in forces and entities unseen, and that one believes that human understanding is incomplete not only now but for always. This paper examines how these paths are so far distant from each other that there is no possible way for a person to travel both for the course of an entire life. The philosophies of Aristotle, Kant and Plato are used as references in this paper.
From the Paper
"We are not angels domiciled in heaven, and if faith promises us a place after death amongst such exalted creatures, then it does little to explain our experiences in our physical bodies on earth. To understand hunger, pleasure, cold, pain ? all the sensations of our body, we must turn to reason and rational explanations. And having turned to reason to explain the particulars of daily experience, we are necessarily confronted with a contradiction if we then try to rely upon faith in other areas of our lives, for faith ? that belief in things unseen ? asks us to abandon the evidence and witness of our own senses.\"
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Absolutism in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 2002.
An examination of how absolutism came to be after the Renaissance and how it spread quickly to nation states such as Russia and France, but was tossed out in England.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with all aspects of absolutism; the stormy political climate which incubated it after the Renaissance and then its reign as the most effective form of government in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
From the Paper
"Many different kinds of political systems have been used in Europe throughout history. One of the most popular forms during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were absolute monarchies in which monarchs with power and wealth governed nation-states such as Russia and France. The English, however, made attempts to protect individual rights and to limit royal power. There was now friction between the two types of government; with both advantages and disadvantages being found for both."
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Reasoning Faith, 2006.
An analysis of the arguments of Thomas Paine in his work, "In Age of Reason" and how they relate to the writer's own spiritual journey.
1,153 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the writer's own spiritual journey, as well as questions relating to faith, science and reason that the writer faced during his journey. The paper focuses on the arguments of Thomas Paine in his work, "In Age of Reason" and discusses in which ways Paine's arguments relate to the writer and his feelings regarding religion.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, The Bible and religious studies do offer some reasonable conclusions. First, there is strong evidence of the existence of Jesus due to the multiple eye witness accounts of his life. There are multiple matching stories that collaborate the life of Jesus. Thomas Paine also follows this reasonable line of thinking. Again, I agree with Paine's analysis. Secondly, my research for hard evidence of God's existence has included the academic study of comparative religions. At the conclusion of my studies, despite the fact that religious teaching demonstrates a vast degree of differences, I have found there is a shared commonality. Religious teachings share several fundamental core values. For example, the value of the equality of man. Therefore, when Thomas Paine states, "I believe the equality of man, and I believe that religious duties consist of doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy" (13), he is also observing the similarities of philosophies within religions. Therefore, on the basis of duplicated information and similarities of philosophies, it is reasonable to conclude the possible existence of celestial God."
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Dutch 17th Century Painting, 2002.
A look at the domestic heroine and the love-sick maiden in Dutch seventeenth century painting.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 19 sources, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper examines and analyzes images of the domestic heroine and the love-sick maiden in Dutch seventeenth century painting. Domesticity and female complaints are contrasted as they are presented in selected works by seventeenth century Dutch genre painters such as De Hooch, Steen, Maes, and Vermeer.
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17th Century Dutch Art, 2007.
A review of "The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century," written by Svetlana Alpers.
1,061 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes 17th century Dutch art and reviews the book "The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century," written by Svetlana Alpers. The paper discusses Alpers' assertion that Dutch visual culture needs to be examined more closely in order to better understand the Dutch genre in its own terms. It briefly discusses the origins and technique of Dutch art.
From the Paper
"Was it the influence of Baconian philosophy or new excitement over technology and exploration...or simply a grounded earthy pragmatism the Dutch environment encouraged? Alpers exhaustively-researched book invites one to ponder not simply on the art but the people who place such emphasis on individuals and things. A closeness and fondness for the overlooked or underappreciated is in these works, an empathy that suddenly seems badly missing in Italian art. Not every facet of Alpers book succeeds; lengthy translations and unexpected foreign phrases complicate an already excessively complex academic text. Still one finds surprising anecdotal humor and a refreshingly allegory-free people in the Dutch - and a feeling that Alpers may be winning the argument for deeper meaning behind the elegant brushwork!"
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Culture, Society and Gender in 17th Century England, 2008.
An analysis of the letters between Henry More and Anne Conway and what they reveal about the characteristics of seventeenth century English society.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at what the personal correspondence between noblewoman Anne Conway and intellectual Henry More - as well as at least one letter from her brother - reveal about the characteristics of seventeenth century English society. More specifically, the paper looks at the social ramifications of the age, the religious predilections of the period, the preferred consumption patterns of upper-class women, and the proximity of death to those alive during the period as all of these items are touched upon by the private letters exchanged between friends and family. Ultimately, the paper argues that Anne Conway was saddled with a variety of social conventions and burdens that even her social status could not help her evade.
From the Paper
"Moving onward, the correspondence between Henry More and Anne Conway is marked (in many, but not all, instances) by an abiding interest in religion - one very good example of this occurring in one of the early letters sent by More to Conway shortly after she had been married (More, "21: Henry More to Anne Conway," 53-55). In any case, it should be borne in mind that the seventeenth century was an age of high religiosity - not unlike the century before it which produced the Reformation and then Counter-Reformation - and More's religious sentiments are extraordinary manifestations not only of his own interest in, and believe in, the Christian faith, but of the extent to which the thought of the age among even the most lettered persons was informed by Christian sensibilities. "
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17th Century Europe, 2006.
A comparison between England and France in the seventeenth century.
2,543 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an extensive comparison between the constitutional developments in England and France by discussing civil war, territory and reasons for revolt. It also explores the connection between politics and religion and their involvement or hindrance in creating a constitutional government in the fore-mentioned countries.
From the Paper
"In 1683, Louis XIV's most important minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, died. He exercised a tremendous influence on the royal coffers, as they had tripled under his supervision. Unfortunately, the people of France did not always reap the benefits of Colbert's plans and did not bring prosperity to the common people of France. His numerous wars and extravagant palaces effectively bankrupted the nation, forcing him to levy high taxes on the peasants. As the nobility and clergy had been exempted from paying taxes, the peasantry came to resent them, and opposed the royal absolutism established by Louis."
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Absolutism in 17th Century Europe, 2005.
This paper discusses the origins and history absolutism in 17th century Europe.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the growth of the absolute monarchy, referred to as the Age of Absolutism, beginning during the reign of Louis XIV and ending with the French Revolution, was the origin of the modern state. The author points out that absolutism was largely motivated as a solution to the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as the Reformation that led to a series of violent and cruel religious and civil wars, leaving thousands of innocents died. The paper relates that, during the seventeenth century, monarchs attained power and authority that were unprecedented, leading historians to use the term "absolutism" to describe these political systems; however, other historians argue that the term is misleading because neither the ambitions of the monarchs nor the results constituted political absolutism.
From the Paper
"From appearance of nation-states in Europe during the middle of the millennium until the latter half of the twentieth century is, it seemed probably that some form of absolutism would be the dominant pattern for the most powerful and successful of those states. The triumph of societies based upon limited forms of government over their absolutist rivals is one of the most surprising and significant developments of the millennium. By 1715, Paris had become one of the greatest cities in Europe, whereas a century before, it was still very much a medieval town."
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The Plague, 2008.
Examines new types of plagues and the persistent problem of the historical plague in contemporary times.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses primarily on "the" plague, which caused thousands of deaths throughout Europe during the 6th and 14th centuries and which currently remains a public health problem. In addition, the author discusses six modern plagues, such as the west Nile virus and AIDS. The author describes the three types of traditional plague, as well as the treatment, locations, control and preventative medication for plagues. The author also reviews the use of the plague as a biological weapon.
Table of Contents:
From the Past to the Future
A Purported Persistent Problem
"Strange New Disease"
West Nile Virus
Six Modern Plagues
Mad Cow Disease
HIV/AIDS
Hantavirus
Lyme
New Strain of Salmonella
Contributing Causes of "Modern Plagues" Considered
The Plague, per se
Three Forms of Plague
Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
Treatment Regime
Plague around the World
Control Considerations
Preventative Medication
Plague as a Biological Weapon?
From the Paper
"A confirmed plague diagnosis triggers reporting requirements to certain health departments, including the Centers for Disease Control, which in turn, reports plague incidents to the World Health Organization. Diagnostic tests to confirm plague include: a complete blood count, a urinalysis, arterial blood gas, peripheral smear looking for Y pestis coccobaccilus, gram stain, cultures of blood, sputum, and bubo aspirate, chest radiography, specialized diagnostic testing, a F1 antigen rapid diagnostic test, Y pestis fluorescent antibody stain, and a Y pestis fluorescent antibody titer."
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Plague in the Modern Era, 2008.
This paper gives a thorough overview of the plague, including it's history, transmission, forms, symptoms and preventions in the Modern era.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the plague, stating that the "Black Death" that gripped Medieval Europe was not the first reported incident of a plague epidemic, which was actually first recorded in AD 541. The paper also talks about the causes of these mass epidemics, which modern scientists now understand as being the living conditions in Medieval Europe, including overcrowded conditions and a lack of hygiene. However, as the paper analyzes, plagues are still found in modern times because the plague could be transmitted by almost any mammal, since fleas are pests that plague almost every mammal species. Specifically, this paper looks into the different transmission avenues of the plague virus, as well as the three different forms of the plague: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague and the symptoms of each. Furthermore, treatment regimes, geographic areas of infection and prevention techniques are discussed in this paper. All references for this paper are contained in the footnotes provided.
From the Paper
"The treatment regime is the same, regardless of the type of plague involved. When plague is suspected, the patient is to be immediately isolated. A suspected plague diagnosis can be made from a combination of symptoms and risk factors. The risk factors include living in an area of known plague foci, contact with sick animals (including employment as a veterinarian or in a similar position), wilderness activity, fleabite, or recent plague in the community. Furthermore, a plague diagnosis triggers reporting requirements to certain health departments, including the Centers for Disease Control. The Centers for Disease Control reports plague incidents to the World Health Organization. Laboratory tests can confirm a plague diagnosis. Diagnostic tests include: a complete blood count, a urinalysis, arterial blood gas, peripheral smear looking for Y pestis coccobaccilus, gram stain, cultures of blood, sputum, and bubo aspirate, chest radiography, specialized diagnostic testing, a F1 antigen rapid diagnostic test, Y pestis fluorescent antibody stain, and a Y pestis fluorescent antibody titer."
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