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The Failed Iraq War, 2008.
A forceful argument against America's policy in Iraq.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the arguments that the "war on terrorism" has unacceptable costs for the United States and is doomed to failure. The paper points out flaws in American military strategies and claims that they have led to insurgency, violence and an ineffective Iraqi army. The writer even claims that American actions so antagonize Iraqis that they are creating terrorists faster than they are killing them. The paper contends that success could be had only by annihilating Iraq, the nation they are supposedly trying to save. The paper concludes that this war on terror cannot and should not go on.
From the Paper
"Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the world seemed united in condemning as an assault on civilization.1 With frustrating haste, the United States squandered world support by going to war against Iraq on March 20, 2003. Within days, American forces occupied that country, neutralizing all formal opposition. Unfortunately, defeating the Iraqi army was only the beginning of the American role in Iraq, and for its continuation, the United States has proven wholly unprepared. Entering Iraq with unreasonable expectations that we would be welcomed as liberators, America brought a force that, for all its hardware, was less than one-third the number of military and police that Saddam Hussein had used to control his country. Virtually no planning had been done about dealing with post-war Iraq. Critically, the United States had almost no interpreters among its invading troops."
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Comparing the War in Iraq with the Vietnam War, 2006.
This study examines the similarities of United States policy in regards to the war in Iraq and the Vietnam war.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the war in Iraq and the Vietnam war hold very similar foreign policy agendas, which rely on falsified intelligence information to enact pre-emptive war. The writer explains that the lack of presidential action to halt the War in Iraq further reveals the growing problems of war powers that allow nations, such as the United States, to attack smaller countries without reliable proofs of a threat. Further the writer notes that both president Bush and President Johnson invoke similarities in how war is created and enacted through poor intelligence and aggressive policies toward lesser nations.
From the Paper
"In many ways, the instigation of war through fabricated intelligence was seen in the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which can also be seen in the false intelligence the United States used to launch a War in Iraq. In this manner, both of these wars offer examples of similar wars in that they were based on false intelligence and were preemptive in design. The historical background to the Vietnam conflict was brought on by the rise in anti-communist campaigns, such as those made by McCarthyism in the 50s."
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War in Iraq War on Terror, 2007.
A discussion of how the war in Iraq and war on terror became linked as election issues.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author argues that the war in Iraq was utilized as a persuasive tool to win an election, in which the war was linked to the more global and less definable "war on terrorism." The author further contends that in the 2004 presidential elections the voters were seeking security, and therefore they linked the two issues. This paper demonstrates that the war on terror and the war in Iraq are not connected and in fact contraindicated for the long term safety of the US, specifically with regard to future acts of terrorism. Salient quotes from primary and secondary sources are used to support the author's thesis.
From the Paper
"The importance and reality of this link are now being questioned at every level. People, in both high and low places are questioning the validity of the connection and asking if this aggressive move, on the part of the US, even in the face of much international opposition was in fact appropriate to improve security in the US and her interests all over the world. The political positioning that has become increasingly obvious has undermined the faith of individuals in the nature and necessity of the War in Iraq, as people feel they were sold a bill of goods, rather than leveled with in regards to the strategic importance of the Iraq in the global war on terrorism in both the short and log term. In fact this work argues that the only connection between the war on terrorism and the War on Iraq is that the later has and will continue to serve to increase terrorist activities and actions against the US, no matter how the government spins it."
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The Iraq War: A War of Lies, 2006.
This paper presents a strong anti-Iraq war stance.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that the Iraq war was based on lies and discusses how President George W. Bush was able to convince Congress and the American people to go to war only because of concealed intelligence. The paper claims that for Bush, September 11 presented an opportunity not only to boost his dismal approval numbers, but to accomplish his long-standing goal of invading Iraq with the backing of the American people. The writer stresses that the U.S. war in Iraq is based on false pretenses and perpetuated by lies and that alone should be enough to end it. The paper is of the opinion that the war is a drain on U.S. funds domestically, it is to the detriment of the American people, it is creating animosity toward the U.S. abroad and is costing the lives of American soldiers.
From the Paper
"How did George Bush convince the American people to believe his lies regarding Iraq? The concealing of intelligence regarding Iraq was a start. The CIA as well as international operatives had long ago obtained and presented solid evidence that Saddam Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction, nor the capability of making them, and had no connections with Osama bin Laden (and even had contempt for him). President Bush was well aware of this. Yet he concealed this evidence from Congress when he asked them to approve the war in Iraq. Instead, he presented Congress with his own interpretation of events, that Saddam Hussein posed an imminent threat to the United States. Having little to go on but the president's word, and having a desire to trust the president, the majority of Congress voted to approve the war. The American people, having only the information their Congressional representatives had, and also wanting to trust the president, largely consented to the war."
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Iraq War and the U.S. Economy, 2007.
This paper analyzes the cost of the Iraq war on the U.S. economy.
2,635 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that no aspect of the U.S. economy has remained unchanged during any given war. The author points out that the current Iraq war has positioned itself to possibly be the longest in U.S. history and hence the most expensive. The paper relates that, with more than 1 million U.S. troops in Iraq, the cost of long-term medical care and disability benefits will continue for years after the war. The paper underscores that post-war occupation and reconstruction, an inevitable factor in this conflict adds an even higher cost to the war. The author concludes that, in addition to direct costs, the Iraq war is destabilizing the economy by causing increasing oil prices, uncertainty in the credit market, inflation created by a greater demand of economic goods and services, and an increasing need to pay for the war with borrowed dollars.
From the Paper
"With the increased costs of war comes a hefty interest payment on the national deficit. Joint Economic Committee (JEC) Chairman Sen. Charles E. Schumer, JEC Vice-Chair Rep. Carolyn Maloney , released a new report exposing the hidden costs of the war in Iraq. The Joint Economic Committee report entitled, "War at Any Price? The Total Economic Costs of the War" details the high hidden economic costs of the war in Iraq beyond the direct budgetary appropriations, including interest costs of borrowing these funds, lost investment, long term veteran's health care, and oil market disruptions."
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Psychological Disorders and the Iraq War, 2007.
This paper discusses the psychological effects of the Iraq war on front line troops.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the Iraq war has highlighted the negative affects of combat stress and tension in a number of studies of returning and active duty troops. The paper notes the high incidence of post-traumatic stress and explains that this is due to the guerrilla-war nature of the conflict. The paper shows how Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has seriously debilitating and often long-term consequences for the individual sufferer. The paper maintains that PTSD and other related psychological problems as result of the Iraq war can no longer be ignored.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
PTSD and other Psychological Issues
From the Paper
"Research show that, conservatively, about thirty percent of troops returning from Iraq have to deal with PTSD or post traumatic stress disorder, among other psychological disorders. One of the aspects that are mentioned as a contributing factor to the high levels of stress in this war is the particular nature of the conflict. As one commentator notes; "This war has no front line, the enemy is impossible to identify, the dangers are everywhere. There is no safe place." (Hare) The stressful nature of the combat situation where danger and threat are continuous has led clinical psychologists to state that, "Nobody comes back unaffected." (Hare) "
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The Iraq War, 2005.
This paper evaluates the benefits and pitfalls of the Iraq War.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is difficult to determine whether the Iraq War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular and the global economy overall. The author points out that the bias of the periodicals covering this topic tends to reduce the ability to effectively explore these issues, for the debate tends to be charged in favor of the bias held by the periodical. This paper demonstrates this bias in exploring the economic outcome of the Iraq War as presented in conservative and liberal publications.
From the Paper
"The characterization of whether the Iraq War is a moral or an immoral war tends to correspond to whether the publication reporting on it reflects party-line values. The Iraq War has been roundly criticized for its role in the dissolution of security within Iraq, and the increasing lack of security within the Middle East and within countries with corresponding Muslim and Arabic beliefs. In attempting to rebuild Iraq following the official close of the war, and also in attempting to promote security within Iraq and within the surrounding countries, the ability to profit from reconstruction in Iraq has characterized much of the debate over the moral status of the Iraq War. It is difficult to determine whether the War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular, as well as the global economy overall."
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Economic Implications of the Iraq War, 2007.
This paper examines the Iraq war's costs and impact on the United States' economy.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the perception that the economic price of the Iraq war that is being paid is not worthwhile with regard to the expected economic and political outcomes. The paper discusses the growing consensus of opinion, which is strongly supported by leading economists like Joseph Stiglitz, that the economic costs and impact of the war have been grossly underestimated by the present administration. The paper relates the predicted costs for troop withdrawals, military expenditures and weakened economic growth. The paper shows how Stiglitz points out that even the present official estimates of the economic impact of the war do not include less obvious and far-reaching costs that can have a future effect on the economy, such as lifetime disability and health care costs for army veterans.
Outline:
Introduction
Iraq and the economy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The overall effect of the Iraq war on the American economy can be initially estimated by taking the following figures into account. "The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, a nonpartisan Washington think tank, has estimated that the Korean War cost about $430 billion and the Vietnam War cost about $600 billion, in current dollars. According to the latest estimates, the cost of the war in Iraq could exceed $700 billion." (Sterngold, James) These figures for Iraq are however extremely conservative in terms of other more wide-ranging and contemporary assessment of the costs of the war."
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Legal Ramifications of the Iraq War, 2005.
A discussion of the legal arguments surrounding the Iraq war, dismissing legitimacy claims.
3,675 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Iraq war from within the framework of the 'just war' theory and the legal parameters established by the United Nations through the Law of War. Through a critical analysis of the justifications presented for the war versus both the letter and the spirit of international law, the paper argues that this is an illegitimate war. The paper contends that the United States is in violation of international laws.
Outline
Introduction
The Legitimacy Question of the Current War
The Doctrine of Preemption and International Law
United States' Violations of International Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following the destruction nations suffered in the wake of World War Two, the international community realized the necessity of establishing mechanisms for the prevention of war and the control of warfare. One means of preventing war was to establish a set of laws, outlining the precise circumstances under which wars may be conducted. The legal circumstances under which war can be conducted are expressed in the United Nations' Charter and the Law of War, both of which are based on the "just war doctrine" (Falk). The just war doctrine emphasizes the difference between wars that are morally principles and which are, basically, justified and those which are neither justified nor based on accepted principles. According to the United Nations' Charter, wars are just only in two cases. The first case is if it is a war of defence against a real threat, or against an actual attack, carried out by another nation (Falk). The second case is if the United Nations Security Council determines that a particular nation is in violation of international law, persistently rejects the application of international law and denies the validity and legitimacy of its institutions, thereby constituting a real threat to regional/global peace and security (Falk). In this case, the United Nations Security Council passes a resolution that legitimizing and authorizing war (Falk). This is what occurred during the first Gulf war of 1991."
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The 2003 Iraq War, 2008.
This paper discuses the role of liberal internationalism in the development of the 2003 Iraq War.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the fundamental basis for liberal internationalism is the coupling of a commitment to freedom and to a free market economy with the desire to spread the country's sphere of influence. The author points out that aggressive liberal internationalism has been characterized by the willingness of a few powerful nations, such as the United States and Great Britain, to use military and political force to promote these liberal ideals and paradoxically promote peace and security. The paper argues that, although some people argue that not enough time has passed for the roots of liberalism to take hold in Iraq and help stabilize the region, this policy has failed in Iraq. The author concludes that it is impossible to impose liberal policies and institutions on societies and cultures that have no tradition of liberalism.
From the Paper
"Critics have argued that the nearly unilateral invasion of Iraq by the United States represents the nation's departure from the liberal tradition in international relations. But this is not the case. Liberal internationalism is simply a theoretical approach to international relations that works to spread the influence of the liberal tradition, and even, in extreme cases, to punish those nations who do not abide by that tradition. While, in a practical sense, it makes little sense for there to be a liberal international order of only one nation..."
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The Mass Media and the Iraq War, 2003.
Discuses public influence by the mass media on the subject of the Iraq war.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
Early in the war between the United States and Iraq, a poll taken showed that 67% of Americans believed that they decided to support the war in Iraq because of a media campaign against Saddam Hussein. This paper shows that during the Iraqi conflict, mass media played a unique role. For the first time in history, American reporters were "embedded" with U.S. troops and could present the war to the American public from the front lines. But was this merely a ploy by the Bush administration to bring its own version of the war to Americans? This paper discusses the role of mass media in the war in Iraq and shows how public support for the war was influenced by media coverage.
From the Paper
"American television tends to stress the symbols of patriotism, reflecting the pro-war sentiment of the government, and, presumably, of American society. But is the mass media shaping this sentiment by showing such images? The American media rarely showed Iraqi civilian casualties, but highlighted U.S. troops' humanitarian assistance to Iraqis. This should make it obvious to all that the media did not present a fair and balanced picture of the war. Media can influence the public as much with what is left out of its coverage as by what is reported."
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The Iraq War and the U.S. Economy, 2004.
This paper discusses that the Iraq War has created a spiral of bad economic conditions out of which the U.S. will find it very difficult to climb.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the war with Iraq is not doing anything good for the U.S. economy because the economy was already in trouble before the war. The author points out that the same sort of common wisdom, which credits World War II with ending the Depression, held that the war with Iraq would make the U.S. economy ?robustly rebound?. The paper explains that it is hard to see how unemployment or the GDP are likely to improve, considering so much of the treasury has already been siphoned off to support tanks and troops in a Middle Eastern desert.
From the Paper
"Another BBC report, however, said the 2003 deficit would actually end up being more like $455 billion. That report also said that Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan said the Federal Reserve was cuttings its forecast for U.S. economic growth in 2003 by three-quarters of one percent, to between 2.5 and 2.75 percent. If the economy is growing that slowly, the growth in employment must be equally slow or even nonexistent."
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The Iraq War: A Comparative Analysis, 2002.
An analysis of various literature on the Iraq war.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper examines the books, War on Iraq and Behind the Invasion of Iraq, and investigates the debate over whether the war was justified. The author evaluates the objectivity of the American and Arab media, and compares the relative legitimacy of the various governments involved in the Middle East crisis in order to determine the merits of claims that American foreign policy is governed by a ruling elite determined to take control of the Middle East in order to benefit the United States economically.
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Iraq War and Law, 2008.
This paper looks at the current international law system as it relates to the Iraq war.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that following the end of the Second World War there was an acute need to rethink the legal framework in which the atrocities similar to the ones that marked the tragic context of the first and second world conflagrations could be punished more severely. In this sense, there were a series of conventions and legally binding acts which tried to create a bonding obligation for the signing states to refrain from violent acts against civilians and other participants to wars. Nonetheless, the writer points out that taking into account the latest developments in the war in Iraq, there are serious doubts over the degree in which the legal system available to date is able to offer a comprehensive framework of protection.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 represent a legal system consisting of four acts: They are: the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field; the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea; the Convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war; the Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
"Despite the obvious complexity of the system set in place and of the areas under discussion, the historical context showed that the Conventions lacked a comprehensive and efficient approach of the legal matters on which they focused. In this sense, there was no clear distinction between the civil war and the liberation war. Thus, taking into account the fact that most conflicts following the Second World War were intra state wars, it was hard to determine whether the conventions would be applicable in cases such as the Korean War, the Vietnam experience, or even the Arab Israeli conflict."
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'The Secret History of the Iraq War', 2006.
A critical analysis of 'The Secret History of the Iraq War' by Yossef Bodansky.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Bodansky offers a non-fictional account of the validity of attacking Iraq, which is often founded on false intelligence, and other forms of second hand propagandistic information from American news sources. Although his presence on terrorist congressional committees give him a very real presence when presenting his information, it becomes obvious that his link with American government decries his sense of bias.
From the Paper
"This book review will critically analyze 'The Secret History of the Iraq War' by Yossef Bodansky. The highly unbiased nature of this historical study of the War in Iraq is often propagandistic and does not present solid evidence for validating an American attack. Often, he argues that an American invasion was warranted on the basis of WMDs and Saddam Hussein's role in activating terrorist cells for Bin Laden. However, after finding no WMDs or a solid connection to Bin Laden, Bodansky often reiterates a propagandistic diatribe that falls short."
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The Iraq War, 2006.
This paper argues that it is time for the US to withdraw from the war in Iraq.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although there are times when war is necessary, such as the American War of Independence; other wars, such as the Iraq war, create serious economic, social and political problems for the warring countries as well as inevitable human casualties. The author points out that the Americans were lead to believe that the Iraqi people would greet the American soldiers with open arms; instead, the American forces are faced with a struggle to maintain peace in the region. The paper relates that the United States military involvement in Iraq has required the largest commitment of troops since the Vietnam War, which requires the armed forces having to double-up duties, re-deploy troops and call up additional reserves.
From the Paper
"There is a high price to pay in order to keep so many United States troops overseas for more than three years. The projected cost of the Iraq War three years ago was expected to be around $200 billion. Even the White House said that price was too high because of expectations of the Iraqi people funding there own reconstruction. As of January 2006, the estimated cost of the war is likely to be between $1 trillion and $2 trillion. The latest Pentagon figures show that more than 16,000 troops have been wounded, and because of improved body armor, many have survived injuries to the head and spinal injuries"
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