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Equality and Feminism, 2005.
A brief literary review of the concepts of equality and feminism.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a number of articles which discuss the issues of equality and feminism as they apply to American society. These concepts are also discussed in the context of the history of Chinese feminism and they are then compared.
From the Paper
"Women saw change in 1988 when they began to work within the confined area of the home. Ellen Judd labeled this paying work, "courtyard economy"(Chinese Women's Movement Between State and Market., 11). Today women of China are holding down jobs of different integrity. With the explosion of the women in the workforce, women are facing sexual harassment. In 2003, men were banned from having a woman as an assistant in order to drop the rate of 86 percent of sexual harassment reports filed.(Now No Means No in China, 12) In this year of 2005, Chinese lawmakers are seeking to enact a law that prohibits sexual harassment altogether. Not only did women in China seek change, but women of Pakistan did as well."
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Liberal Feminism vs. Lesbian Feminism, 2002.
This essay focuses on two prime theoretical aspects of feminism, namely liberal feminism and lesbian feminism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
Both the theories acknowledge the fact that women have long been oppressed by predominant male attitudes and ideas, as well as an essentially patriarchal societal structure. The former theory is reformist in the sense that it seeks to work within the existing system, and wants to modify it in order to ensure women have equal opportunities as men, be they in education, career, or politics. The latter's focus is on giving women their unique sexual identity by challenging the imposition of heterosexuality and giving lesbianism its due recognition.
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The Feminism Movement, 2005.
This paper discusses that the feminism movement will never reach equality with men.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Feminism, which is based on equal rights for women and men, respect for women as themselves and support for other rights movements, has come along way and in some aspects even achieved equality among men; the fact remains that no matter what women do, they will never achieve 100% equality with men. The author points out that the Equal Pay law was past in 1963 and yet, more than 40 years later, women are still paid less than men, even when women have similar education, skills and experience. The paper concludes that women must be more supportive of each other and vote for more women in leadership, especially as President of the U.S..
From the Paper
"Feminism has failed because the glass ceiling still exists at home. It is useless to continue striving for more when it is clear that women have reached what could potentially be their limit. Even in the 21st century, women are looking for the comfort of men to be able to feel that they can succeed in a world where opportunity has been made. Women are also the leading cause as to why part time jobs have become more of an epidemic. Employers used to be able to find full time employees and run their businesses successfully and now due to the changes, employers tend to discriminate against women if they know they have children or if then know they only want a part time job."
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Feminism in 21st Century Europe, 2008.
This paper discusses the relevance and purpose of feminism in modern Europe .
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that feminism today tends to be focused on intellectualizing the position of women in society. The writer points out that while still working in a concrete fashion in order to secure gender equality, feminism has also penetrated areas of intellectual endeavor such as theory of literature and philosophy. The writer discusses that despite the very prominent position of feminism in a wide variety of intellectual and social areas, some hold that the paradigm is no longer relevant, particularly in advanced locations such as the United States, and particularly in Europe. On the other hand, it is the position of some theorists that feminism today is more relevant than ever, exactly because of appearances to the contrary. The writer maintains that despite the voices of dissent, it is clear that feminism still has a variety of roles to play in the EU today. Feminism is also relevant in terms of the international effort towards equal and human rights for all. As such, the writer notes that EU countries can concentrate their collective efforts towards the developing world in ensuring the empowerment of women. The writer concludes that feminism in any environment, including the EU, will not be obsolete for centuries to come.
From the Paper
"One of the reasons for the apparent irrelevance of feminism in modern Europe is the fact that equal rights have become a reality in almost every area of Western social life. Women are recognized as capable of filling any position they choose, and are provided by law with the right to receive equal pay for such work. In society, the modern Western woman is no longer expected to revolve her purpose in life around marriage, children, and homemaking, while on the other hand nothing prevents her from choosing to do so. Because all these rights have been secured for women, some theorists believe that feminism is no longer necessary, and indeed, no longer has a purpose in modern Europe.
"In Ireland, this nearly halted the feminist movement shortly after its inception, when the right to vote was successfully attained. According to Tomas A. O'Riordan, the right to vote was at the center of first-stage feminism to such an extent that it had become the movement's reason for existence."
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Equality in Canada, 2002.
A look at the concept of gender equality in Canada.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of the concept of equality as opposed to feminism or women's rights. Canada has still much work to do in this field and this paper analysis the different areas which still need work.
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Feminism Defined, 2008.
The paper examines the articles, "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Angela Miles, Goli Rezai-Rashti and Lisa Byrn Rundle and the article "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal" by Ruth Liste
1,397 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at two articles with the goal of finding a workable definition of feminism. The paper examines "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Miles, Rezai-Rashti and Rundle and "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal" by Lister. The writer concludes with a definition of a feminist.
From the Paper
"At first sight, the two articles, "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists, and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Miles, Rezai-Rashti, and Rundle, and Lister's article "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal," seem to be very different. However, I found that in the course of reading the two articles I was able to make considerable progress towards answering a key question that is of acute importance to me, i.e. "What is feminism?" This might seem like a facile question, but in fact it is not. For it goes to the very heart of why one would choose to be a feminist at all. Unless the term "feminist" has some real meaning in today's world, there would be no point in being a feminist. I am frequently confronted with this question, when friends ask me why I am a feminist."
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Transnational Feminism, 2006.
A discussion of transnational feminism - feminism in the era of globalization.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the quote: "Culture...consists in the way analogies are drawn between things, in the way certain thoughts are used to think others" as a focal point to make a connection between Shohat's argument that globalization just be seen as part of the much longer history of colonialism, and the sexualization of female bodies in popular culture. The paper analyzes gendered politics of power that position women differently than men, comparing to narratives of progress, development, the modern, social evolution and their opposing narratives (i.e. primitive, underdeveloped, backward uncivilized, caught in a timeless past). The paper concludes that in order for feminism to become transnational the elite women in the richer countries must be able to consider and conceive the plight of the rural women in a third world country and what their specific needs might be, even though those may be very different from their own.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
The Feminist Agenda: Transnational Feminism
Women's Organizations: Whose Agenda Calls the Tune?
Transnational Feminism: Different Cultures and Different Definitions
Colonialism and Globalization: Same or Different Agenda?
Globalization's Agenda
Women in the New Millennium
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a work in writing that addresses the agenda of the transnational feminist against war the author Bachetta et al (2001) states that the first thing that must be done in reaching the goals set forth that first the thorough analysis of the "gendered and racialized effects of nationalism" must be addressed. Brenner writes that "Capitalist Globalization has had a profound yet contradictory impact on women's lives and on the possibilities for contesting male domination in both the core and periphery of the world capitalist system." And she states that "women's life conditions are in many respects growing worse.""
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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Globalization Impact on Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses the implications of the current paradigm shift that feminism is undergoing in response to the processes of globalization.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of globalization for feminism, including the "paradigm shift" that some scholars perceive feminism is undergoing in response to globalization. It also considers the kinds of issues to which feminist analysis is being challenged to pay attention. The writer notes that globalization has imposed new pressures on feminism, and feminism has responded by generating new types of feminism and new paradigms. The writer concludes with the hope that it is possible to construct a transnational feminism that is at the same time not hegemonic, one that respectfully incorporates and listens to the various discourses, yet somehow manages to build enough common ground to enable global feminists to work cohesively together.
From the Paper
"In like vein, Seyla Benhabib proposes building solidaristic communities in which we can acknowledge each other's diverse and multiple identities, while at the same time we can listen respectfully to each other, acknowledging the many strands that comprise our identities. In this way, there is hope of building up a respectful form of global feminist solidarity that can work to counter the most destructive forces of globalization. For example, there could be a site for a global community of feminists that oppose the depredations of the planet currently being unleashed by transnational corporations.
"Clearly, this new way of looking at feminism may be seen as a substantial paradigm shift."
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Liberalism versus Feminism, 2004.
The paper is a comparative analysis of the various philosophies of liberalism and feminism.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that feminism and liberalism often have been intertwined epistemologically because, in a liberal view, the basic task of government is to protect the equal liberty of citizens and equal rights in the total system of basic liberties. The author points out that feminism, as a liberal philosophy of social rights, really only emerged in the United States in the 1970s, a decade behind the rise of the American women's movement in the 1960s. The paper stresses that, liberal Western philosophy is derived from the experience of predominantly white and heterosexual men; therefore, feminist philosophical forms, unlike past forms of liberalism, first have had to critique established views of the "self," rather than to accept the existence of the "self" as a given, and then define the best ways to protect these rights.
From the Paper
"A politician of a centrist bent may be called a liberal if he or she allows that gays and lesbians should be permitted to legally wed. A woman who runs her own business may be called a feminist. However, these individual's real political convictions may bear little resemblance to such great liberal thinkers as John Rawls and John Stuart Mill and to such self-identified feminists as Naomi Wolf and Luce Irigaray. Rawls and Mill, Wolf and Irigaray themselves span quite different areas of the political spectrum, not in terms of its continuum of liberal versus conservative, but the fact that Irigaray might deny that such a creation of a continuum of liberal v. conservative, feminist v. anti-feminist is itself a male creation, part of the polarizing, dual discourse of patriarchy."
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Comparing Feminism with Other Ideologies, 2009.
A comparison of feminism as a political ideology with liberalism, conservatism and social democracy.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the aspects that feminism has in common with other political ideologies, such as liberalism and social democracy. The author explains that since feminism also disagrees with other aspects of these ideologies, it would not be correct to say that it is derived from them, although it might be termed newer. The author gives examples of points where feminism concurs with liberalism, socialism, social democracy and conservatism, and where it diverges. The author explains why a chronological way of viewing ideologies does not work, since it can be argued, for example, that feminism has existed in some form as long as women have been considered to be inferior to men. The paper concludes that even with their inherent contradictions, feminism, conservatism, and social democracy all have common aspects, though none of them can lay claim to being the precursor of another.
From the Paper
"Feminists view the right to choose as very individualistic, and the philosophy behind it is that they think that women have the right to choose what to do with their bodies. Any government regulation that attempts to regulate what a person does with their body, in the view of feminists, oversteps what governments should be allowed to do. Pro-choice advocates are very similar to liberalists in that they feel as though their own reason and their ability to take rational actions should not be disrespected. This is the ultimate goal and most important aspect of liberalism: "Individuals are assumed to be capable of using reason and taking rational actions in pursuit of their interests" (Mintz et al, 2008)."
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Feminism, 2005.
This paper discusses the political elements of the theory of feminism, which is also viewed as a social theory.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that feminism is a much lesser studied theory than liberalism or realism in the field of international relations; nonetheless, it deserves attention because women have had an impact on the foundation of international relations. The author points out that feminism, along with other gender theories, are based on three assumptions: 1) Women should be fully incorporated into the field of international relations to ensure an equal voice for everyone, 2) there should be a distinct and noticeable re-focusing of international relations and 3) it assumes that post-positivist methodology should be used in order to deconstruct gender issues at the international level. This paper explains that radical feminism is opposed to integrating existing feminism into any frameworks because it is trying to create a distinctly feminine analysis, which isn't subservient to a male agenda the way other theories have been in the past: They criticize both liberal and critical theories of feminism.
From the Paper
"The next category of feminism that we are going to take a look at is Marxist or critical feminist theory. This theory largely suggests that the problem in the world is capitalism, which has resulted in making women work as a labor of love, for no economic reward, in a sense rendering them invisible. This theory searches for the answer to why women and men have appeared in international relations, instead of a focus on how, like so many other subcategories of feminism. To look at it from a different perspective, critical theory asks us questions like: "What ideas about the appropriate relationship between women and men, feminine and masculine, inform the practices of particular actors and institutions? And what material conditions and social forces contribute to the reproduction of those practices? Finally, are attempts to alter those understandings and practices facilitated or hindered by prevailing material conditions?""
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Feminism in Asian Cultures, 2002.
This paper is an examination and discussion of Kumari Jayawardena's "Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World".
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a history of feminism as brought forth by Jayawardena in her book, showing numerous examples of the movement to grant women equal rights throughout Asian cultures, starting in the late nineteenth century. The paper cites the examples Jayawardena gives to prove her claim that Arab and Asian women have been engaged in the struggle for equality for many years.
From the Paper
"In Afghanistan, Islamic, male-dominated forces continue to this day to repress women and keep them virtually without rights. The well-publicized absolute power of the Taliban has recently returned Afghanistan women to an even more invisible role than some were able to achieve, however briefly, during the period Jayawardena covers. She notes, "The failure of the Afghan experiment resulted in some Islamic countries exercising caution on reforms affecting the status of women" (72)."
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Third Wave Feminism, 2005.
This paper describes Third Wave Feminism and the way Europe is meeting the needs of women at home and in the office.
2,095 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Third Wave Feminism, led by the very women who left home for an office in politics seeking the promises of egalitarian family and workplace, has swept the integrated halls of Europe, where "family values" and "workplace equality" are simultaneously projected in government and real life. The author points out that, while the United States sags behind, European leaders proved true to a growing pressure in their workforce, by constructing beneficial social policies that relieve the pressure on working families. The paper relates that the European Union's challenging mandate for members to provide equally for mothers and fathers, men and women. The paper presents the situation in the U.K., France and Sweden, which is the most advanced in this area.
From the Paper
"However, the struggle between family and work remains important for both sexes. France and Britain are at opposite ends of the European sphere, old rivals again facing new arguments as they aim to decipher the call for equality heard internationally. In 2001, the Genisson Law provided for a new equality in the work-place that would insinuate a balance between work and family for the people of the nation. The law introduced an obligation to include occupational equality issues in bargaining at sector and company level, a novel move for the people of France. However, European critiques note the lack of agreements signed making use of the law, indicating the lagging interest in French companies for gender-related work and home-life equality."
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Black Women and Feminism, 2006.
This paper reviews and discusses the historic oppression of black women as well as the existing gap between white and black women as detailed in Bell Hooks' "Ain't I A Woman? Black Women and Feminism."
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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This paper explores author Bell Hooks' theoretical perspective on blacks and feminism. Hooks claims that the major cause of oppression to black women came from many sources including white women interested in their own personal gain at the expense of black women and the black men interested in keeping them as second class citizens. This paper discusses the exploitation of women during the slave trade as one of the pioneering ways in the continuing devaluation of black women. The writer contends that Hooks' novel contains relevant research and subsequent evidence that clearly details why a gap still exists between black and white women. The writer of this paper stresses Hooks' desire for all women to bond together and for the struggle for equality to end.
From the Paper
"In her research of the exploitation of slaves, Hooks' expertly does not focus on the sexual atrocities committed upon black women. She in fact details the effect brutalizing black women has on the black man, white man, and the white woman. Hooks explores the possibilities of the potential personal gain from dehumanizing black women, some of which include stereotypes/jealousy of the sexuality of a black woman, and "demasculating" the black man (psychological removal of his masculinity) in relation to exploiting 'his' woman. Bell Hooks' research into the hypocrisy of the feminist movement as it relates to white woman is the principal reason why many African American women, myself included, do not want any active participation with the women's movement."
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Morality, Justice, Feminism, 2005.
A look at how morality and justice relate to the concept and practice of feminism in the United States in 2005.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an explanation of the difference in the definitions of justice and morality and then explains why the concept of justice and morality both have a bearing on the concept and practice of feminism today. The paper concludes that the idea feminism promotes equality from a scientific perspective, because it seeks to create balance where there was none, as well as from a philosophical perspective, because it is predicated on cooperation, not competition.
Feminism, Morality, Justice
The Second Sex
The Philosophical and Practical Failures of "Third Wave" Feminism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The role of morality in feminism, then, may be more universal than first thought. Morality can be traced to the branching of hominids into people and 'other' and the moral imperative for an animal as smart as a human not to foul its own nest nor do harm to its own kind. An animal that smart can take care to keep his 'nest' clean for altruistic purposes, or, if he is as smart as all that, surely he can see that it is simply impractical in the long run to foul his own nest or harm members of his own species. Among the activities that would certainly foul the smart, strong animal's nest would be cruelty to the other smart animal he needs to give him comfort, and, quite frankly, to ensure generational succession."
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