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The Economic Miracle in Asia Pacific, 2006.
An examination of the historical, political, economic and social context upon which economic development in the Asia Pacific is based.
5,375 words (approx. 21.5 pages), 29 sources, APA, AU$ 192.95
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Abstract
The essay is a systematic synthesis of the literature on economic history and political science that explains the East Asian miracle. It argues that state intervention has been a fundamental tenet of the great transformation of societies and economies in the East and Southeast Asian countries. The paper takes several case studies in East and Southeast Asia in comparative perspective to show the similarities and differences of the development experiences in the region.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context Setting: Asia Pacific in Global and Regional Perspectives
The East Asian Miracle in Theoretical Perspectives: Market-friendly and Developmental State Explanations
Relevant Themes on the East Asian Economic Miracle: Agricultural transformations in East Asia and the role of industrial policy in Asia Pacific
Agricultural Transformation in East Asian Countries
The State and Industrial Policy: Comparing East and Southeast Asia
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"The Asia Pacific has been the most dynamic region in the world with countries sustaining growth rates from 3 - 7% for decades, reducing absolute and relative poverty, and undergoing structural changes in demographic, economic and political terms. While area specialists do not claim a single model to be followed by the developing world, it is worthy to study the common conditions, policy choices, and challenges that these countries have faced. The East Asian Miracle indeed challenges scholars and policy makers to think beyond the standard Western model of development based on blind liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. Bearing in mind the nuances and commonalities across the region, there are lessons to be drawn if only to better understand the trajectory the region is currently taking."
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Conditions of Economic Growth and the Asia-Pacific Region, 2002.
A study of the preconditions and policies required for economic growth and why some Asia-Pacific countries have failed to achieve sustainable long-term growth.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
A study into why certain Asia-Pacific countries such as Cambodia fail to reach long-term economic growth and an explanation of the conditions and policies needed in an economic climate to achieve this growth.
The paper covers the following topics:
Preconditions for faster economic growth
Policies for faster economic growth
Asia Pacific LDCs (Least Developed Countries) & Cambodia
The paper is filled with examples and recent statistics of countries including USA, Australia, Taiwan, Europe, Japan, Cambodia, and Asia-Pacific LDCs in general.
From the Paper
"According to McTaggart et al, there are several pre-conditions for economic growth. One of which is the existence of an institutional framework that is crucial to the creation of incentives. This institutional framework included markets (supply and demand), property rights, facilities for monetary exchange, as well as simple and transparent regulatory systems (1999: 32.7). Market prices send signals to buys and sellers that create incentives to increase or decrease the quantities demanded and supplied. Markets also enable people to specialise and trade and to save and invest. Property rights are the social arrangements that govern the ownership, use and disposal of factors of production and goods and services (McTaggart et al, 1999:32.17). They include the rights to physical property, to financial property and to intellectual property. The existence of property rights and their enforcement by the law provide people with certainty in their business dealings and hence they help provide macroeconomic stability and a pre-condition for growth."
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Human Resource Management in Asia Pacific, 2005.
A examination of human resource management challenges for multi-national companies in the Asia-Pacific.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 171.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Asia-Pacific has become a region of hothouse growth, outpacing for the past decade both North America and the Euro Zone in the production of goods and services. It points out that with the march of some Asia-Pacific countries into the ranks of advanced economies and abundant signs that the others lagging behind are soon expected to follow, consumer spending is on the upswing. This paper further explains that due to multi-national level investments, the human resource departments have great challenges when dealing with cross-continent cultural barriers. This paper uses the case study of an Australian-based multinational corporation to understand these issues further.
From the Paper
"Actually, the vast investment and business opportunities offered by Asia-Pacific to foreign entities have always been there. But many were initially discouraged by the generally enigmatic character of this combined market. MNCs, for example, used to find the Japanese market inhospitable, even impenetrable. As for China, the previous attitude of Saudi Arabia towards that country tells the whole story. Until the 1980s, observed the Brooking Institution in Washington, Saudi Arabia was loathe to sell oil to China because of perceptions that it was a godless, revolutionary threat. Now, foreign investors and MNCs tread into the markets of all the Asia-Pacific countries on a welcome mat, such that the region has outflanked even EU as host to the most number of MNCs . But it would seem that MNCs have to sweat it out first to make their standard management and employment practices work in this region of widely divergent cultures."
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The Japanese Economic Miracle, 2001.
A look at Japan's economic growth following World War II.
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the dynamics and underlying causes of the Japanese economic revival that has occurred since the end of World War II, looking both at its economic components (such as the shift from agricultural to high-tech sectors) as well as the demographic and cultural elements that are just as important for understanding the Japanese economy.
From the Paper
"The Japanese economic miracle is complex and can only be explained by looking to political, cultural, and economic reasons. It rests on the government?s taking responsibility for social welfare, vocational training, and education. It rests on the responsibility taken by both consumers and producers for economic prosperity. It rests on the government?s decision to concentrate on high-quality and high-technology products designed for domestic and foreign consumption and on the government?s building stable, economically advanced trading partners to replace the Asian markets to which inexpensive textiles had been
sent earlier. A number of factors have greatly aided Japan?s economic resurgence that began in the 1950s and has continued since then, among them (ironically) the complete destruction of the nation?s industrial base by the war. This meant that Japan's new factories, using the latest developments in technology, were often more efficient than those of their foreign competitors. With the addition of a youthful and well-educated workforce, a high domestic savings rate that provided ample capital, and an activist government and bureaucracy that provided guidance, support, and subsidies, the ingredients were in place for rapid and sustained economic growth."
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Japan's Economic Miracle, 2002.
An analysis of the causes and effects of Japan's post-WWII economic expansion.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
Following WWII, Japan transformed itself from an island of ruins to one of the most powerful economic powerhouses in the world. This paper attempts to understand how this transition took place and the consequences of the transition on Japanese society.
From the Paper
"By the end of World War II, Japan's economy lay in ruin. By 1973, it was the third largest in the world. This transformation is heralded as arguably the greatest economic achievement of the twentieth century, and with due reason. However, it also carried with it destructive social and moral consequences that deeply affected the fragile post-war Japanese society. Thus, the "economic miracle" of Japan could be aptly termed both a blessing and a curse, a path to redemption, and, at the same time, a decent to a frightening level of greed, corruption, and perceptible moral degeneration."
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Italian Economic Miracle, 2003.
This paper discusses the economic development of post-war Italy in the First Republic period.
2,816 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the inter-relating economical and political factors which led to the tremendous progress in Italy from 1953 to 1963. It discusses how the key factors were a pro-American government ready to enter the Marshall plan, the internal and foreign investments and the high competitively of the industries. Italy's economy progressed following completely Keynes ideas.
From the Paper
"Italian miracle is one of the issues that characterized the economic history of the peninsula. The aftermath of the second world war constituted an elevated tax of inflation leading to a massive rate of unemployment. In 1948, Italy was a nation majorly based on agriculture, which made up 50% of the job placements. The miracle was to develop gradually over the years thanks to the Marshall plan, the internal investments in Europe, and the DC? reforms; it would have brought industrial modernization and privatization. In Italy the key players for the contribution of the economical boosting belonged to the DC centrist party, which made of the nation a capitalist leader in a Europe where the effects of the war were still noticeable. Italy was a country divided between North and South; the North as the ?headquarter? of the major Italian industries, and the South, where general conditions were precarious. The years between the 1948 and 1954 could be considered as the period of the ?riformismo democristiano? or DC reformism. Once completed the reconstruction, Italy was finally introduced in the international markets. The process was slow, due to the market imbalance taking place in all of Europe. The full achievement of the monetary stability was to be reached only in 1958. During this period the consequence of the 1929 crisis, which was financial protectionism, was surpassed. War saved the United States from the production crisis, becoming a dominant economic power. Now, the American duty was to consolidate a market regain in Europe through the Marshall Plan and a system of international trade among European nations and USA. The road for adaptation to these new conditions, was unsteady; Europe is dependent on America. In fact, in 1948, 1950 and 1953 the USA faced moments of recession, provoked by a difficulty in converting from the arms industry and the Korean war. The European economies were strengthening with the exception of France and Great Britain. Meanwhile, the DC aimed to enact a series of measures to redistribute the income and the productive forces in the areas with the highest necessity. Such measures were the Riforma Agraria, Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, along with the major figures Vanoni and the founding of ENI."
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China: The Economic Miracle, 2008.
A discussion of China's growing role in the world economy and the mechanisms behind this growth.
2,427 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a description of the Chinese economy and presents the main statistics that illustrate its growth. The paper looks at the macroeconomic measures responsible for this transformation and examines three main challenges facing the economy. The paper also discusses recommendations that would ensure a healthy economic growth in China and prevent any potential meltdown. The paper concludes that there is no sign that China's economic growth will change in the foreseeable future.
Outline:
Description of the Chinese Economy
Main Statistics
Macroeconomic Measures that Brought About This Transformation
Chinese Main Challenges
Steps to Follow
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Over the past 25 years, since the start of the first economic reforms that were to take China into the rank of the most important economies in the world, the Chinese economic growth averaged an annual 9.5 % . Further more, this trend is likely to continue in the future as well, given some of the current indicators and the constant development of both the market and the economy. According to current trends, China "could become the largest exporter in the world by the beginning of the next decade" .
"According to different sources , the Chinese economy grew by an astonishing 10.7 % (according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), as quoted in the source mentioned), reaching 20.94 trillion yuan ($2.68 trillion). With these figures, the Chinese economy had already overtaken the British economy as the world's fourth biggest in term of GDP. Further more, the Chinese economy is growing closer and closer to the German economy, currently ranked third, but with a slow growth (2.2 % in 2006)."
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International Marketing Analysis: The Asia Pacific Region, 2004.
This paper provides a country by country analysis of the availability and quality of commercial infrastructure in the nations in the Asia Pacific region.
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a marketing analysis that discusses infrastructure as well as economic and social conditions - since each has a role in determining the suitability of a country in any marketing analysis process. The analysis focuses on the Asia Pacific region i.e., Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Singapore, North Korea, South Korea, Philippines, Burma, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam in particular.
From the Paper
"The availability of quality of commercial infrastructure is critically important in evaluating marketing operations abroad. The existing infrastructure varies in sophistication and in areas of weakness from country to country. The dynamics of the commercial infrastructure includes more than simply the number of airports and seaports. In marketing analysis one must also consider recent economic and political events as well as the general condition of the economy."
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Maritime Conflict in Asia Pacific Region, 2002.
This research paper outlines and discusses the major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region.
2,282 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the current issues and brings to light their implications and the outlook for regional peace and security, with particular relevance to ASEAN nations. The ASEAN nations now include Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
The paper finds that peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region is threatened by an enormous buildup of armed forces on the continent.
From the Paper
"The Asia Pacific region is one of the most heavily armed regions of the world. The United States is the world's leading military superpower. China (the PRC) has had nuclear weapons since the 1960s and the largest army in the world. Japan could easily become a nuclear power and its Self-Defense forces, particularly its air force and navy, are formidable. The military presence of the Russians in the region has considerably receded since 1990, but they are a major source of high technology weaponry for the PRC. North Korea has a heavily armed standing army of over one million and is an incipient nuclear power. South Korea has strong conventional forces. Taiwan has been arming in self-defense as have the smaller ASEAN nations."
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Economic Growth in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2007.
This paper examines the economic performance of the Asia-Pacific region and its relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI).
2,177 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how growth in the Asia-Pacific region has been explosive, largely due to the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at theories of the positive and negative consequences of FDI in the growth and economic development of developing countries. The paper explains that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country, especially one that is developing, is important; it helps them to receive more credit, allows them to do more with the capital that they have and ensures that their currency is more valuable. The paper points out that there should be a higher FDI in many of the developing countries and notes that China is receiving much more FDI than the other developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Factors
Institutional Structure
Environment and Economic Growth Performance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The productivity that is seen in these developing economies is highly important. Productivity is raised when FDI is involved, largely due to the fact that more people in the host country are able to get jobs. Many of these developing countries are not able to support themselves very well, and many of their people are very poor (Wakeman, 1984). When foreign investors become more involved in a country, they bring jobs, and they bring wages that are usually quite respectable for that particular country. This is a strong incentive for individuals in that country to seek employment at the new business, and therefore the people that do receive employment there will want to work very hard to ensure the safety of their jobs and to attempt to get raises and promotions (Wakeman, 1984)."
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Politics and Transformation of Asia-Pacific, 2008.
A discussion on the causes of the Korean War and how it led to the transformation of the Asia-Pacific region.
2,205 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the most significant conflict in recent times over a major ideal was the Korean War. It suggests that the ideology of communism versus democracy was responsible for the rise of the developmental state and the economic Asian "miracle," which led to the conflict of the East Asian financial debacle of 1997-1998.
From the Paper
"Consistent with the Japanese model, in South Korea, the industrialization that spurred such "breakneck economic growth" (Sang-Hun 2005) in one generation from 1960-1994 "was driven by government initiatives rather than market forces [as a] planed economy" (Hasung 2006). In South Korea large financial conglomerates, family-owned and operated chaebols, backed by the government were key players in this drive to lift Korea from poverty to power by developing Korean industries where capital markets were not yet established and competition in domestic markets was low. CFOs like Daewoo's Kim Woo Choong was committed to building a Korean industrial empire and mandated by President Park Chung to do so. The incessant amassing of wealth, popularly patriotic, was the general consensus invigorating that generation and sustaining the chaebols system."
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Asia Pacific Business, 2004.
This paper compares the business environments of China and Australia and of South Korea and Japan as part of the nine Asia Pacific countries.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the difference in the business environment of Australia and China has the potential to cause considerable problems: Chinese managers are significantly more motivated by economic security, independence and control in contrast to their Australians counterparts. The author points out that companies in Australia are not as bound by government regulations as the Chinese are; even the influence of unions is not appreciated in Australia. The paper relates that, despite the legendary animosity that exists between Japan and South Korea, the two countries have comparable models of economic development; both plans for 'democracy' were borrowed from other governing states.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Review of Case Study
South Korea and Japan
From the Paper
"The Australian economy has seen significant changes in the past fifteen years. The government in Australia initiated a series of macro and micro-economic reforms. These reforms were inclusive of phasing out tariffs, waterfront, shipping and air freight reform, financial deregulation, floating of the dollar as well as the freeing up of the labor market gradually. Stated 'key elements' of the reform agenda on the micro-economic scale are that of public sector reform and privatization. "
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Maritime Conflicts in the Asia Pacific Region, 2002.
A discussion of major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts among ASEAN nations.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
Discusses major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts among ASEAN nations. Arms race and growth of Chinese naval power. Chinese economy. The Spateley Islands issue of the South China Sea; their strategic importance to maritime trade. Conflict over the status of Taiwan. Korean Penisula conflict. Outlook for peace and stability of the Asia Pacific region.
From the Paper
"Current Maritime Issues/Conflict in Asia Pacific Region
This research paper outlines and discusses the major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts in the Asia Pacific region, their implications and the outlook for regional peace and security, with particular relevance to ASEAN nations. The ASEAN nations now include Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
1. Arms Race and Growth in Chinese Naval Power
The Asia Pacific region is one of the most heavily armed regions of the world. The United States is the world's leading military superpower. China (the PRC) has had nuclear weapons since the 1960s and the largest army in the world. Japan could easily become a nuclear power and its Self-Defense forces, particularly its air force and navy, are formidable. The military..."
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U.S. Policy In the Asia-Pacific Region, 1999.
Examines U.S. interests in the region and the current American policy and proposes improved regional strategy. Discusses economics, military, diplomacy, environment, politics, global issues, objectives, trade and weapons of mass destruction.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 197.95
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Abstract
Examines U.S. interests in the region and the current American policy and proposes improved regional strategy.
From the Paper
"United States Strategic Appraisal for Asia-Pacific
This paper will formulate a regional strategic appraisal for the United States in the Asia-Pacific region. The first part of the paper will exam the U.S. interests in this region, briefly describing the vital and important interests which must drive U.S. regional strategy. The second part of the paper will discuss current U.S. policy in the Asia-Pacific as it relates to the stated interests. The third part of the paper will propose a regional strategy designed to best further these interests.
U.S. Interests in the Asia-Pacific Region
Vital Interests
There are three vital United States interests in the Asia-Pacific region: (1) open access to economic markets; (2) a region free from domination by a single power or power bloc; and (3) ..."
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U.S.-China Rivalry In the Asia-Pacific Region, 1999.
Examines economic, cultural, political and military aspects, as well as options and recommendations for improved U.S. policy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 69.95
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From the Paper
"U.S. Response to Chinese Rivalry in Asia-Pacific Region
Background
With the end of the Cold War, the United States lost its primary rival for influence in the world: the Soviet Union. Moreover, the importance of Europe to the United States declined in importance in relation to that of the Asia-Pacific Region. U.S. trade with Asian nations now exceeds that with European nations and this disparity will continue to grow. Japan now has the second largest economy in the world (after that of the United States) and China's economy is projected to be the third largest within twenty years. This means that the country exercising the most influence in this region will probably also be the most influential nation in the world.
Without a doubt, China represents the greatest contender for the ..."
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Japan's Importance in Pacific Asia, 2002.
A look at the importance of Japan in the Asian economic scene.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This six-page graduate paper discusses which country was more important to the historical development of pacific Asia, china or Japan? Why? Is this country still a major influence? Why or why not? Be sure to discuss forms of government/legal system, economic models, religion, industrialization, cultural traditions and social structure.
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