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The Economic Growth of India, 2008.
This paper analyzes the economic growth of India since 1990.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, beginning in the early 1990s, India began to redirect its political and economic apparatus towards a more free-market orientation, which has resulted in a cycle of remarkable growth and expansion. The author points out that, beginning in 1991, political leaders ended the traditional License Raj economic model, which resulted in monopolistic behavior and stifled foreign direct investment. The paper relates that some of India's economic expansion has been attributed to its insistence on expanding public expenditures within the market. The author points out that India deems all public expenditure to be development related and views this type of investment as a requirement rather than a socially driven discretionary investment. The paper reports that a value added tax (VAT), other tax code adjustments and a fully convertible currency were introduced.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Initial Reforms
Market Liberalization
Current Economic Status
From the Paper
"The country's revenue expenditures have increased across some spending segments by as much as 400% between 1990 and 2004 and this spending has continued to fuel economic growth. These large spending and investment packages are achievable because of the market reforms made during 1991. While much of India's population that exceeds 1b individuals is classified as impoverished, it still represents one of the largest tax bases in the world after China. Such a large potential tax base was going relatively untouched until 1991 when the tax codes and collection apparatus procedures were also reformed."
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Economic Growth in India, 2002.
An analysis of the role of human capital on economic development in India with an emphasis on the importance of education.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 227.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a look at the effects India's human capital has on its longer-term prospects for economic development. By looking at the importance of education and human capital within the broader process of economic development itself, it can be concluded that India's prospects are almost directly linked with its stock of human power. There is clear evidence suggesting that the country's poorest are in fact getting poorer and that the inequalities and cleavages in the country are even closer to rupturing than in the past. One of the only ways to mend this wound is through education and increasing the quality of the country's human capital.
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India's Economic Performance, 2002.
Explains India's economic performance by taking an in depth look at the economic, political and social change that has taken place within India during the postwar years.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This comprehensive study is aimed at the major economic, political, cultural and social changes and crises that have taken place within India during the period in question and it will attempt to assess the extent to which these factors have shaped the country's economic performance. Included in this analysis will be an assessment of economic development and social change, the economic and political aspects of agricultural change, as well as political change, political structure and the functioning of government. Attention will also be directed towards the caste conflict and language differences as well as the extent to which they have had an impact on the level of economic development that India has been able to achieve and the nature of this development. The main hypothesis that will be tested in this study will be the following: while India has achieved relatively significant economic advances during recent years, especially in light of the country's status as a Third World nation, these advances have been limited.
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India's Special Economic Zones (SEZ), 2007.
This paper is an economic analysis of the special economic zones (SEZ) in India.
3,785 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of performance of SEZs and evaluates their contribution to India's economic growth with reference to the creation of employment opportunities, growth in exports and imports and value addition for the common people. The author assesses the justification for continuing with the SEZs in India and sets the criteria for ensuring their success in achieving the objectives for which they are created and to avoid the phenomenon, which has come to be termed as 'developmental terrorism'. The paper states that issues of availability of infrastructure, quality of infrastructure, governance issues and labor laws are the most important factors responsible for unsatisfactory working of the SEZs in India. The paper includes many tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Objectives of SEZ
The Constraints
From the Paper
"The mean realization ratio is only 34.84% with a standard deviation of 15.65%. The highest realization ratio has been only 59.46% in 2001 of the total approved equity investments and a minimum of 17.32% in 1992. Although the percentage realization is increasing year after year, but this is highly insufficient. Burdensome procedures contribute to discouragement of FDI. For example, registering a new firm in Australia takes 2 days, but 203 days in Haiti. Similarly, a basic bankruptcy procedure takes less than a year in Singapore, but 10 years in India."
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The Stimulus FDI has Provided in Harnessing India's Economic Potential, 2002.
An in-depth analysis of the role FDI (foreign direct investment) has played within the Indian economy.
10,670 words (approx. 42.7 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 309.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the role Foreign Direct Investment has played within the Indian economy. It traces FDI's history in India as well as the socio-economic and geo-political factors which have led to the inflow of FDI. The paper studies the success and failures within industry- specific areas such as power, telecom, IT and BPO. It also deals with India?s struggle through policies of protectionism and repudiation to large scale reforms, divestments and privatization. The research is somewhat critical of the use of FDI but looks at all aspects of FDI and its role within the Indian economy.
Table of Contents
Opening the Indian Economy and the Magnitude of FDI
Introduction
FDI and Comments on Governmental Policy Formulation for Promotion of MNE? s
Imperative of Attracting Export-oriented FDI through MNE? s
A Professional Approach to Promotion
The Socio-Economic and Geo-political Factors Leading to Liberalization- based Policies in India
Evolution of Government Policy in Conjunction with Promotion of FDI through MNE?s
Evolution of Government policy: 1948 ? 1967
The Restrictive Phase: 1968-1979
The Opening up of the 1980?s
Structural Adjustment and Globalization: 1990s
Government Policy and Trends in Foreign Investments and Collaboration
Inflows of FDI and an Analysis of Historic Comparative Advantages as Opposed to Knowledge Based Growth
FDI and Pitfalls Related to Inflow
Historic Comparative Advantages
Lost Ideologies in Globalized Paradise
Case Power Sector
Knowledge Based Growth
Case: Telecom Scandal
The IT and BPO sectors
Case Examples
Western Demand and Dupplies Curves
Comments
Indian Liberalization Targets vs. FDI policy Inflows
Foreign Investment Policy
Magnitude of FDI Inflows
Steps India Can Take to Accelerate Increases in FDI Inflows
National Promotion as Brand for Inflow of FDI
Focus on Tertiary Service Sector
Rural Cottage and Agro-based Businesses for Large-scale, Economic Production for Exports
Bureacracy Reduce
Privitzation Acceleration
Investment in Domestic Infrastructure and Projects
Conclusion and Recommendations
Limitations and Future Research
Conclusions from Investigation
Recommendations
Personal Review
From the Paper
"Various other policies have been laid out since and have been put into effect as an attempt on the part of the Indian government to firmly safeguard MNE ?s business interests and promote a competitive environment. Since 1991, India has received a number of delegations of potential foreign investors and the most recent one which is worth mentioning is Mr Bill Clinton?s delegation to India which has literally brought about huge FII (Foreign Institutional Investments) upto an estimated $4 dollars within a week. The US has also provided MNE ?s to borrow from the EXIM and World banks to further invest in India upto the tune of $750 Million. An indicator of the changed Indian environment is the fact that two giants that left the country following restrictions placed on them under FERA, IBM and Coca-Cola, have both recently come back. IBM has set up a joint venture with the TATA group of companies and Coca-Cola has taken over the local soft drink maker manufacturer, Parle."
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The Economic Effects of India's Foreign Policies, 2002.
Examines how India's economy was affected by its foreign policy in the years 1947-1990.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 259.95
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Abstract
Though the recent reforms in India are very interesting, they mark a distinct departure from traditional Indian policy making. The economic impact of foreign policy between 1947-1990 will be observed. This paper contains a schedule of foreign policy, an appraisal of economic development, a synthesis of the two, and, ultimately, an appropriate conclusion.
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Economic Development and Resource Allocation in India, 2002.
Proposes a research design to examine the impact of defense spending on economic and social development in India.
3,664 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study with the principal focus being on the macroeconomic effects on economic growth and social development in India, by spending on national defense. The time frame of the proposed study is the inclusive 30-year period 1969-1998. The paper shows that in the proposed study, national defense expenditures are to be assessed as an independent variable in a time series analysis wherein economic development and social development are dependent variables. The specific economic models and their specifications are addressed in the paper too.
From the Paper
"One of the more controversial issues in public policy analysis concerns the question of the effects of spending on defense spending on a country?s economic and social development. Proponents of high levels of defense spending claim that significant economic benefits derive from such expenditures. It is inferred that, as a consequence of economic benefits associated with spending on national defense, social benefits also accrue to the country. Opponents emphasize that any economic benefits derived from high levels of spending on national defense are short-term in character, at best, and that, over the long-term, such expenditures retard economic development. The detractors of high levels of defense spending claim further that retarded economic development, in turn, leads to retarded social development (Mintz & Stevenson, 1995)."
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Economic Development in Post-Indepence India, 2002.
Analysis of why India has failed to become an economic super power since its independence.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 194.95
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Abstract
The central question in Indian economic history is why a nation that has achieved so much remains, despite its early promise, a secondary economic power in the world today? This paper addresses this question in a tripartite fashion.
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India & China: Sleeping Economic Giants, 2002.
Study and comparison of China's and India's economic policies since 1949.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 201.95
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Abstract
The report studies the Indian economic policies and compares and contrasts them to the Chinese case. The economic policies of both countries are looked at after 1949. As well, their Industrial and agricultural production are examined.
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Economic Investment and Social Development in Kerala, India, 2004.
A discussion of the causes for the divide between economic investment and social development in Kerala, India.
4,629 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses possible causes for the disparity found in Kerala between economic and social development. The principle causes examined here are socialist- and communist-influenced government policies, the impact of migrant remittances, the influence of labor unions, and the overall lack of infrastructure in the economy to facilitate investment.
From the Paper
"Historians, development experts, and political scientists praise the accomplishments of the Indian state of Kerala. Once home to poor education and healthcare, Kerala now boasts literacy rates and life expectancy rates surpassing all the states of India and on par with the developed world. What Kerala lacks, however, is a developed economy able to financially sustain its population without outside assistance. Kerala has an abundant supply of educated, healthy individuals but not enough demand for skilled labor to support an industrial, self-sustaining economy. The main reasons behind the disparity between the high degree of social achievement in Kerala and the low degree of economic achievement are government policies influenced by socialist and communist ideologies, the impact of migrant remittances, the power of labor unions, and a poorly developed overall economic infrastructure."
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The Economy of India, 2005.
This paper discusses that India exhibits great promise in terms of economic growth and presence in the international community.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that India has a consistent increase in its GDP, the economy is steadily growing, foreign investors have shown confidence in India's economic infrastructure and indigenous products are found in abundance. The author points out that, on the other hand, unemployment is rampant, corruption in political and economic circles is inexorable and poverty is a pervasive issue. The paper concludes that, despite all its problems, independent India is a much better place than occupied India was under British rulers, who were neither more intelligent nor savvier when it came to social and economic matters and did not care about the local people.
From the Paper
"The government is inefficient and incapable of dealing with rising poverty and unemployment. This is mainly grounded in government's denial of actual economic and social conditions of the country. It appears that either the government officials are completely unaware of the situation in the country or they are hell-bent on ignoring the truth that's staring them in the face. This is clear from following statement of former Prime Minister Rao when he began one of his speeches by "delineating the social structures into three segments.""
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British Economic Involvement in the West Indies, 2006.
An analysis of the differences in the economic systems of the West Indies and India and the economic involvement of Britain in these areas.
2,306 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the 'stories' of British economic involvement in the West Indies and in the Indian subcontinent between 1750 and 1860. The paper looks at the uniqueness and complexity of each economic system and how British economic involvement in the territories forged a new 'British identity', based on the goods imported at the time.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, a major difference between the economic involvement of Britain in the West Indies and India, at least in some historian's eyes, is the nature of the influence of entrepreneurial figures. For instance, Cain and Hopkins regularly use the term Gentlemanly Capitalism to describe British economic involvement in India. The term is extremely subjective, but it can be understood to refer to a new and 'respectful' kind of Capitalism, based on the existing system of Indian capitalism as well as meaning a gentlemanly pursuit of new forms of commercial activity, such as finance, away from traditional land-owning and industry. This form of an economic aim or economic involvement did not exist in the West Indies; in fact the economic aim was diametrically opposed to that of India. In the West Indies, 'Gentlemanly' conduct was not in the economic lexicon; simply only what was economically viable. This was the case because of the very different nature of commercial activity there. Slavery was, intrinsically, a base, brutish practice, which involved the desensitising of both profiteers and victims; slaves were viewed as a commodity or chattel, while status was not based on the type of economic activity engaged in, e.g. finance, but on the amount of slaves a member of the 'plantocracy' had amassed."
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Economic Development and Trade, 2001.
An examination of the needs of developing countries to move towards international trade and globalization in order to keep up with world trends.
4,205 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how economic development of any country promotes the trade and business and how free trade and liberalization in trade policies, on behalf of the governments, help the businesses to flourish and effectively compete in the world market. The writer covers the issues related to the economic development of the developing nations and discusses the aspects that have caused hindrance in the economic development of these countries. Finally the paper cites the example of a developing country (India) and discusses how liberalization in trade has helped it in making remarkable achievements with respect to economic growth and to bring improvements in its industry and trade.
From the Paper
"In an era of increased globalization and advancements in technology, it has become increasingly important for all of the nations of the world to keep bringing improvements in their economic infrastructure and to expand their businesses on the global scale. It has been observed that without a reasonable level of economic development any country cannot gain a competitive position in the world market. This is the dilemma faced by most of the developed nations of the world."
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Economic Planning And Development, 2002.
An overview of economic planning and development In India and China From 1947 To 1977.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
First, the experience of India during the period in question will be outlined and examined. This will include a description of the planning process and an outline of the economic development record of this country. Second, the experience of China from 1947 to 1977 will be described and analyzed. The goal will be to provide an assessment of what happened in these countries and why it happened. This will be both from an internal and an external perspective, such as the way that each country determined its own fate and the way that each country fit in with the evolving global economic environment.
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Population Explosion in India, 2002.
A discussion on the causes and consequences of the population growth rate in India.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines how India, a region that lags in social development, education and rights of women has one of the highest birth rates in the world. This paper argues that there is nothing like population control. The concept does not exist. The writer asserts that what exists is equality and empowerment in education, reproductive health and other areas as effective means of fighting the growth curve.
From the Paper
"The world has a population of six billion. India alone has a population of one billion, in spite of the fact that India was the first country in the world to have a population policy. This large population is causing alarm. India is in the midst of a demographic transition, with fertility rates definitely declining, though not as fast as was expected. Population growth is the reason for every environmental problem facing India today, and many of their economic and social dilemmas as well. India, with a current estimated population of one billion and a population growth rate of 2.15%, has specifically staggering population-related problems, as one-third of the total population are subject to live below the poverty line. In addition, India?s natural and environmental resources are shrinking. 53% of India?s total land area is prone to soil erosion; dense and closed forests have been declining considerably and widespread water scarcity and water pollution subsist."
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China's Economic Policy, 2008.
This paper discusses China, poverty and developmental economics.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the global economic structure, otherwise referred to as globalism or globalization, has seen increased attention being paid to poverty levels in emerging and developing markets. The writer maintains that understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. The writer points out that while the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. The writer argues that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, vis-a-vis China or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The writer maintains that the intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
Outline:
Overview
China & Poverty
Success Factors
The Global/Local Connection
From the Paper
"By utilizing more accurate measures for poverty, the result is a decidedly different number relative to ascertaining the number of individuals living below the poverty line. The typical measure utilized by most Western nations and international organizations is the $1 per day measure of income which is the point at which individuals can adequately provide for themselves and their families at sustenance level and by this measure, China's poverty level increases dramatically. However, in spite of this divergence over the effectiveness in determining poverty levels, there can be no argument that China has made progress in alleviating poverty through a series of economic and development policy issues that has seen average wage increases for many .. "
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