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Economic Development, ICT and Poverty Reduction, 2007.
An examination of the link between economic development, information and communication technology (ICT) and poverty reduction.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 34 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a research study on the link between economic development, information and communication technology (ICT) and poverty reduction, specifically in the country of Ethiopia. The paper provides a literature review and summarizes the findings. The paper discusses the results that show how ICT development and implementation has the potential to transform the economics of a country, specifically one such as Ethiopia. The paper notes that there are barriers to implementation but it has been shown that they could be overcome.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Research Questions
Review of the Literature
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Methodology
From the Paper
"The work of Ziadi and Kuofie (2006) entitled: "Impact of ICT on Organization in Tunsia" states the fact that in the face of changes that are economic and technological in nature companies become "more conscious of the importance of their structure, technologies and intellectual capital." These authors cite Zack (1999) in the statement of "This capital is considered as a not easily imitable competing weapon." Nonaka (1991) is cited in the statement of: "This is why the competitiveness of these companies is dependent on acquisition, creation, the localization and the renewal of the organizational knowledge." (Ziadi and Kuofie, 2006)."
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Poverty Reduction in China, 2008.
This paper discuses proposed policies for poverty reduction in China.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, although many economists point to China's rapidly growing economy and decreasing poverty rate, the figures on poverty in the country are still alarming, especially in the rural areas. The author points out that policy measures focusing on local poor regions should include promoting growth of resource improvement, rural education, labor issues and health, especially as sickness issues are one of the primary factors driving China's rural poverty. The paper relates that the bulk of poverty reduction techniques for China should involve taxation, international aid and the abolishment of the vast rural-urban segmentation characteristic of China, a situation that is being exacerbated by China's growing industrialization. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Poverty in China: Background
Poverty in China: Important Issues for Address
Policy Measures for Improving China's Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is an unarguable fact that China's poverty problem is primarily rural. China is generally being effective in reducing its absolute poverty; however, relative poverty appears to be increasing. China's spread of poverty is highly regional. ... China's widening economic disparity is generally thought to exist owing to reform and structural changes within the nation that shifted "central planning to markets and from agriculture to manufacturing and services, and opening up to international trade and knowledge transfer." The nation showcases a distinctive lack of rural job opportunities under a climate of increasing industrialization."
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Poverty Reduction in Pakistan.
This paper discusses the role of financial institutions in poverty reduction in Pakistan.
12,205 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 42 sources, APA, AU$ 342.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the challenges faced by institutions pursuing the expansion of micro-finance in Pakistan are as complex and varied as the causes of poverty, which are lack of access of the poor to public services, poor governance, gender discrimination against women, and the absence of risk mitigation measures. The author points out that micro-finance provides very poor families with very small loans, also known as micro-credit, initial savings of $35, and a first-time loan of about $295, with an interest rate of 18-20% per annum, to help them engage in productive activities or grow their tiny businesses. Micro-finance also can include a broader range of services such as credit, savings, and insurance because the poor lack access to traditional, formal, financial institutions. The paper relates that commercial banks are well suited to providing micro-credit to the poor because they can handle large numbers of transactions and have the capacity to track a large number of loans; highly localized, non-government organizations (NGOs) also can play a vital role in the provision of micro-finance services, but they are riddled with institutional inefficiencies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Poverty's Dimensions and Causes
Micro-Finance and Poverty Reduction
Role of Financial Institutions in Providing Micro-Finance
Challenges and Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Pakistan has seen steady growth in the agricultural sector, averaging over 4 percent per year from 1993 to 1999. Despite this, the incidence of poverty in rural areas increased by 7 percentage points over the same period. The overall growth of the sector is not translating into reduced poverty at the rural level. There are two possible reasons for this disparity. First, the unpredictability of the agricultural sector could have led to fluctuations of consumption in rural areas, as well as asset depletion of the rural poor as they continue to try and meet their consumption needs. Second, rural poverty is also closely linked to the distribution pattern of assets, especially land assets, which is a prevalent problem in rural Pakistan."
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Grassroots Poverty Reduction, 2006.
A discussion of policies for reducing global poverty and their shortcomings.
2,052 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses options for eradicating poverty. It describes the problems associated with poverty and how it is prevalent on a global scale. It then looks at general policy strategies with regards to poverty reduction and discusses some immediate responses to world poverty. The paper concludes by looking at specific policies towards global poverty and their shortcomings.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Reality of Poverty: Threats from Everywhere
The General Policy Strategy: Some Immediate Responses to World Poverty
To Rescue Neo-liberalism: Embedding of Social Inclusion
The PRSP: Framework for Developing Countries? -Some Pitfalls and Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, poverty anywhere is a threat to security everywhere. This just affirms the fact that poverty is severely widespread. So it is just right to think that the solution should not be a top-down approach. The project of 'inclusive' liberalism is still a top-down approach and therefore, it is not entirely 'inclusive.' But in spite of these failures, one must still value the attempts (though often failures) that is being made to avert further world poverty. Warts and all--even though there are questions about the real 'intentions' or motive of the neo-liberal framework, the important thing is that we have something to start with. We cannot undermine the value of this attempt of the neo-liberal framework to include. The only thing that is needed is a critical re-thinking of the whole discourse that would eventually 'include' everyone. The approach must be tilted--this time the poorest of the poor must be at the forefront. Anyway, it is them who are severely afflicted by this menace."
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Debt Reduction and Economic Stability, 2002.
Correlates the need to reduce Canada's debt with the country's economic stability.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of debt reduction in Canada. It argues that debt reduction is essential to economic stability because it creates 'wiggle room' or the ability to respond to economic changes. Additionally, debt servicing erodes both productivity and social programs. Finally, the relative success of the current government's debt reduction and its future fiscal policy are assessed.
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The Economics of Poverty, 2002.
An analysis and examination of the economics of poverty.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses poverty as an issue which transcends all social, cultural, political and religious subjects. The author of the paper shows that poverty is not only a developing country problem, as can be seen by the number of impoverished in the United States. Poverty as a concept is defined, with a study into what is considered absolute poverty. The effect of poverty on economics and society in terms of politics, education and health are examined. The author of the paper concludes with recommendations for effectively addressing poverty, including teaching self-sufficiency and eliminating the negative factors which contribute to poverty.
From the Paper
"Women bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and children growing up in poverty are often permanently disadvantaged. Older people, people with disabilities, indigenous people, refugees and internally displaced persons are also particularly vulnerable to poverty. Furthermore, poverty in its various forms represents a barrier to communication and access to services, as well as a major health risk, and people living in poverty are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of disasters and conflicts. Absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information."
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The Economics of Poverty and Globalization, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in regards to poverty.
3,326 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several issues in relation to globalization that are discussed by P. Figini and E. Santarelli in their article entitled, "Openness, Economic Reforms, and Poverty: Globalization in Developing Countries". It explains that the research is examined in context of earlier research related to free trade and Mexico and the expansion of FDI in that market. The paper also explains the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty and how understanding these terms can be applied to the global economy in order to determine strategies to alleviate poverty and prepare economic benchmarks vital to reducing overall poverty levels, absolute or relative. The paper further discusses how Figini and Santarelli regard relative poverty levels as the most important aspect of poverty because these levels would be utilized in determining living wages as well as other economic factors that globalization impacts.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Free Trade & Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. While the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. As Bhagwati illustrates, globalization as an economic model depends on the integration of economic structures through trade, foreign investment activity, short-term capital inflows, and technology inflows in order to be successful (2004)."
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World Poverty and Poverty in the USA, 2007.
An explanation of poverty experienced in the USA and in the developing countries.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the global issue of poverty as well as the poverty that exists today in the USA. The author describes the different lives that the poor in America have compared to those struggling to survive in developing countries. He provides some of the causes that lead to abject poverty and concludes that if we cure the world of poverty, we will cure the world of hunger, thirst, illiteracy, and disease.
From the Paper
"When Americans think of poverty, many of them tend to think of people living on the street and begging for money in our nation's biggest cities. Many are naive to the fact that almost one billion people are living in "absolute poverty." Absolute poverty, as described by Robert McNamara, are "those living, literally, on the margin of life. Their lives are so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease as to be beneath any reasonable definition of human dignity" (23). The main reason for McNamara's definition is to help Westerners understand that poverty is a lot different to us than it is in the developing world.
"The poor in New York City may be living under a bridge or sleeping on a park bench, but they rarely have to worry about how they are going to eat since the United States offers programs to aid the poor, such as homeless shelters, soup kitchens, and food stamps. In the developing world, it is a different story. Millions of children receive insufficient amounts of food, especially protein, which thereby causes their brains to remain undeveloped and leads to a higher chance of less-productive lives. Millions of these children die each year before the age of five due to malnutrition and diseases associated with malnutrition (23)."
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Economic Growth and Economic Equality, 2002.
Economists view on the difference between economic growth and equality.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the reasons why economists think there is a conflict between our desire for economic growth and our desire for economic equality.
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Secret Economics: The Economic Impact of the Vietnam War, 2002.
This paper is an analysis of the economic impact that the Vietnam War had on the American economy.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to estimate what the real total economic cost of the Vietnam War was to the United States. The paper concludes that a reasonable estimate of the economic impact of the Vietnam War on the American economy is that an entire year's worth of productive activity was used to fight the war.
From the Paper
"The Vietnam War was the defining experience for a generation of Americans. Indeed, it is arguably one of the defining experiences of America as a whole in the Twentieth Century. Its impact on the men who fought there, the men (and women) who did not, the American military in general, American society and popular culture during and following the war has been well documented. However, it was not just a life changing experience for soldiers and protestors, or a force for social change, or even an inspiration for thousands of books and dozens of movies. War is not least an economic event. In addition to being a military defeat, a political blunder and a human tragedy, the Vietnam War was also an economic disaster."
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Poverty and Free Market Economics, 2005.
The paper examines free market economics and poverty in America.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the pros and cons of free market economics. It examines the notion that reliance on marketplace economics offers the most effective approach for meeting the needs of socially disadvantaged segments of society, particularly welfare recipients.
From the Paper
"Politicians, economists and proponents of free market economics maintain that when U.S. corporations are profitable, widespread economic prosperity soon follows; arguing that money accumulated at the top of society circulates throughout all economic levels and increases consumer activity. This supposed auxiliary economic action is reminiscent of a previous republican president, Ronald Regan, whose "Reganomics" espoused a "trickle down" theory of fiscal distribution."
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Thailand's Economic Crisis & The Triangle of Impossibility Economic Model, 1997.
Detailed analysis of Thailand's 1997 financial crisis. Discusses the "Triangle of Impossibility" model, which consists of a fixed currency rate, free capital movement, & an independent monetary policy.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 115.95
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From the Paper
" Thailand's Economic Crisis and the
"Triangle of Impossibility" Economic Model
Introduction
The "Triangle of Impossibility" economic model theorizes that it is dangerous, if not impossible for a small economy to maintain three desirable (politically) yet contradictory national goals. When it does, the end result is a macroeconomic crisis like the one currently going on in Thailand today (Na Thalang, 1997, 14). The three paths that Thailand is pursuing, suggests Na Thalang, are a fixed foreign exchange regime, free capital movement, and an independent monetary policy. After a brief economic snapshot of Thailand, these three divergent paths will be explored to determine if: A) the theory is valid, and B) if it.."
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Redefining Poverty, 2003.
Explores the need to redefine the term 'poverty' to improve poverty alleviation strategies.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 217.95
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Abstract
The term 'poverty' does not have as clear-cut a definition as many suppose. In the past, the World Bank defined it as a form of economic deprivation, inhibiting access to necessary resources such as food, medication, shelter, or clothing. This paper shows, however, that by 2001, the World Bank realized that the definition of poverty as "deprivation of income" was simply too limited and limiting because it viewed poverty only from the economic perspective, overlooking the social perspective. It is limiting because the economic definition of poverty engenders poverty alleviation strategies, which aim to improve the economic status of individuals, communities, and areas by addressing the economic infrastructure alone, overlooking the fact that the social and political infrastructures may be, and often are, equally responsible for poverty. The paper shows that realization of the mentioned limitations motivated the World Bank to redefine poverty as used in its annual reports. This new definition, holding poverty to be a "pronounced deprivation of well-being," does address some of the limitations of the older definition, but is not a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it has failed to engender new poverty measurement variables, maintaining the same limited and limiting ones used in the earlier definition.
Outline
Definition
Measurements of Poverty
Social and Political Deprivation
Choice in Poverty
Alleviation Strategies
Criticism of Alleviation Strategies
Re-Emphasizing a New Definition of Poverty
Case Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, poverty is the absence of equality and equal opportunity. If one considers this definition carefully, especially in light of the areas of inequality highlighted by Todaro, one sees the rationale behind, and the validity of, this definition. Quite simply stated, the unequal status of women and minority groups in many LDC's determines the inability of those groups to access economic independence or even the opportunity for stable employment at fair wages. If we go a step beyond, one will note that resistance to employing women, consequent to patriarchal cultural attitudes prevalent in many LDC's such as rural Egypt, culminates in the exclusion of a significant percentage of the population from participating in national economic development efforts."
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China's Economic Policy, 2008.
This paper discusses China, poverty and developmental economics.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the global economic structure, otherwise referred to as globalism or globalization, has seen increased attention being paid to poverty levels in emerging and developing markets. The writer maintains that understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. The writer points out that while the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. The writer argues that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, vis-a-vis China or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The writer maintains that the intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
Outline:
Overview
China & Poverty
Success Factors
The Global/Local Connection
From the Paper
"By utilizing more accurate measures for poverty, the result is a decidedly different number relative to ascertaining the number of individuals living below the poverty line. The typical measure utilized by most Western nations and international organizations is the $1 per day measure of income which is the point at which individuals can adequately provide for themselves and their families at sustenance level and by this measure, China's poverty level increases dramatically. However, in spite of this divergence over the effectiveness in determining poverty levels, there can be no argument that China has made progress in alleviating poverty through a series of economic and development policy issues that has seen average wage increases for many .. "
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Poverty in Canada: Exploring the Intersections of Race, Gender, Class, 2002.
An overview of the issues affecting poverty in Canada such as economic and social policy as well as race, ethnicity, immigration and migration.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper is an exploration of poverty in Canada. Issues such as race, ethnicity, immigration and migration are considered in the contexts of rural and urban communities, as well as with regards to gender and class. The argument here is that Canada's transitions in economics and industry have helped to produce an institutionalized underclass who live in poverty and who have limited resources for changing the conditions of their living. This paper further indicates the ways economic and social policy need to elaborate on the needs of the poor if the underclass is to be assisted in ways that can produce a change in the populations who live in poverty.
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Feminization of Poverty, 2002.
This paper discusses the feminization of poverty a growing problem in America where increasing numbers of women and children have been forced into poverty, by a combination of social and economic factors.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many causes of the feminization of poverty including the breakdown of the two parent family and the inadequacy of women?s wages to support a family. The author explores the theories of John Mill and of many contemporary activists for an insight into this problem. The author feels that, to solve the difficult problem of the feminization of poverty, American policy makers must begin to see the feminization of poverty as a social and economic issue and disregard negative stereotypes of individuals in poverty.
From the Paper
"Edelman has many criticisms of the Clinton welfare bill. Troublingly, Edelman notes that the new bill allows states to manage their own welfare system. As such, welfare no longer needs to come as cash. For example, it could come in the form of certificates that must be redeemed with a specific contract organization. Further, Edelman notes that federal welfare funds are now capped, freezing funding for six years."
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