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Eastern European Nations Joining the EU, 2003.
A look at the reasons for and against certain Central and Eastern European countries joining the European Union.
3,674 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of what the EU is and why it attracts several countries. It then looks at the economies of different Eastern European countries and examines what changes they need to make to be accepted into the EU.
1 .Introduction
2. A Brief History
2.1. Introducing the CEEC
2.1.1.The Agricultural Issue
3. An EU Perspective
4. Funding Issues
5. Case Studies
5.1 Czech Republic
5.2 Hungary
5.3 Poland
5.4 Slovenia
6 The Argument Over Integration
7. Conclusion
8 Bibliography
From the Paper
"The European Union faces many arduous tasks in upcoming years. The most troublesome possibly being that of enlarging the size and the scope of its members. Currently, it is in the discussion of the European Union to extend enlargement to central and Eastern Europe. Over the course of the next decade, the European Union will be propositioning some new candidates to join their ranks. The first group includes the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia; countries likely to join later are Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and the Slovak Republic. The first countries are not expected to join until 2003-2005."
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Post-War Eastern European Immigrants, 2001.
This paper examines the influx of Eastern European immigrants to the United States especially after the Second World War. It discusses three major immigrant groups - Poles, Czechs and Russians and also discusses Americans' attitudes towards these groups.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influx of Eastern European immigrants to the United States especially after the Second World War. It discusses three major immigrant groups - Poles, Czechs and Russians and also discusses Americans' attitudes towards these groups.
From the paper:
"Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. This is true despite the fact that so much of what we have accomplished as a nation has been due to the contributions of recent immigrants who have been willing to work as hard as they can to make a better life for themselves and their families - and alon the way for the rest of the country as well."
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Eastern European Sex Workers, 2005.
This paper discusses sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that not only are there sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada by their own will but also other sex trade workers are forced by traffickers to migrate. The author points out that women from Eastern Europe choose Canada as a good country for immigration because the mass media inform them about Canada as a land of opportunities. The paper stresses that the reality is very different.
From the Paper
'Many women intentionally come to Canada each year from Eastern Europe to work in the sex trade, especially in Toronto. Other women from the same area are trafficked by criminals. I am interested in both groups, especially the women who come of their own free will. My question concerns their reasons for immigrating and their satisfaction later. I do know that the women who enter the sex trade are poor and have little or no opportunities. Sex trafficking operates two ways, both into and out of Eastern Europe. Sexual trafficking is a trap ... .'
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The Eastern European Shift from Communism to Capitalism, 2002.
Explores the institutional changes required of East European governments as they move towards capialist economies.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
The post-Glasnost transition from Communism to Capitalism in Eastern Europe has presented various challenges and achievements which vary in their importance, from country to country. This paper concentrates most upon the realities of Institutional change as it is imperative to both economic life and democracy.
Introduction
Cultural and Attitudinal Factors
Military Affairs, Law and Order
Technological Factors
Promoting Capitalist Activities
Fiscal Matters
Labour
Social Welfare
Concluding Notes
References
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Eastern State Penitentiary: A History in Prison Reform, 2001.
A complete history of the construction of Eastern State Penitentiary and an exploration of the famous inmates and stories that are associated with the prison.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 25 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
A detailed paper that outlines the history of one of Philadelphia's national historical landmarks, Eastern State Penitentiary. The author describes the history of its philosophy and construction, as well as facts regarding the massive penitentiary.
From the Paper
"Construction began on May in 1822. The penitentiary received its first prisoner in October of 1829, though the prison would not be completed until 1836. Eighteen-year-old Charles Williams was Eastern's first prisoner, sentenced to two years for theft. The identity of Charles Williams disappeared, there was now only prisoner number one in his place. As he was walked to his cell, a black hood was placed over his head, to protect his identity and to help minimize escapes. The only person to see an inmate was a guard who brought meals to an inmate, which were deposited through a slot in the door. The walls were eighteen inches of thick stone. Pastors and ministers would make rounds to Eastern State on a weekly basis, reading scriptures and preaching sermons, but even for this, inmates remained in their cells. Inmates were not allowed to converse, whistle, sing, or even know who the president was at the time. Any inmate not obeying these strict rules were deprived of dinner that night. However, during the exercising sessions, inmates would throw pebbles over the walls with a note attached to communicate with other prisoners."
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 59.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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History of Orientalism, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the culture and history of eastern Islam, also known as Orientalism.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines the term Orientalism, which comes from the Latin word oriens, as the rising sun, which generally implies, 'the East.' This paper focuses on the culture, religion, art and history of Orientalism. This paper explores the European view of Islam throughout history. The writer explains that during the birth of Christianity and Islam there was a distinct difference between European Christian cultures and those of East and North Africa, which are detailed at length in this paper. During the Middle Ages the European Christians denounced the Islamic people as the enemies of Christendom, due to their lack of knowledge of Eastern culture. This paper discusses how the Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century viewed the Eastern culture as being superior to that of the Christian west. This paper illustrates that Islamic societies were praised for their religious tolerance when compared with Christian west. This paper also delves into those who opposed the Orientalist culture, such as James Mill, who believed that Eastern civilizations were stagnant and corrupt and Karl Marx who believed that Eastern methods of production were static. Christian evangelists further maligned Eastern traditions as superstitious nonsense. This paper also examines the rich artistic history of the Oriental culture. Depictions of Islamic Moors were found in Medieval and Renaissance art, but it wasn't until the 19th century that Orientalism became recognized in the arts. This paper also details the outspoken views and opinions of political activist and author Edward Said.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Orientalism
History of Orientalism
Orientalism in the Arts
History of Orientalism in the Arts
Edward Said and Orientalism
References
From the Paper
"Photography was still in its infancy and did not allow for the capture of the sunlight, the colors and the mood in which a painter could. With the iconoclastic nature of Islam, and the forbidding of the depiction of the prophet Muhammad, there was little representational art in Islam. Most of their artwork was centered on pattern and design. For this reason, the Muslim world had very little visual record of their history, including the people and the cities that existed prior to modern photography. Today, still, the best visual record of exotic cities like Cairo or Damascus, prior to the advent of modern photography, exists in 19th century paintings by Europeans and Americans. In the mid to late 19th century, painters from every country in Europe and from across the oceans in America, came to the East."
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"Bread Givers", 2003.
An analysis of Anzia Yezierska's "Bread Givers" and its connection the the history of Eastern European Jewry.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
While Anzia Yezierska's "Bread Givers" is a work of fiction, the story of the Smolinsky family is quite typical of the reality faced by many Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. Yezierska writes, not only of economic and monetary struggles tackled by countless immigrants, but of a familial dynamic emblematic of Eastern European Jewish culture. This paper explains how, through her account of Sara Smolinsky and family, Yezierska tells a history that recounts past struggles in the Jewish shtetl of Russian Poland, continuing all the way through the Americanization of the second-generation Jewish immigrant. It shows that this powerful tale of Sara Smolinsky helps create a context to further study the rich history of the Eastern European Jews in America.
From the Paper
"The story of Sara Smolinsky begins well before the first chapter of Bread Givers. One cannot fully understand the direction Sara's life takes in America without first understanding the heritage and culture from which she came. While Bread Givers is centered around Sara and her family's experiences in America, the life of Sara's parents before immigrating to the United States is an integral part of Sara's story."
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"The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins", 2002.
A literary review of Gregory J. Riley's "The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins" by Gregory J. Riley. The paper shows how in the book, Riley tends to focus on the historical aspects of Christian origins that are often ignored by scholars. It shows how it is found that majority of the researchers of Christianity confine their subject matter to the inspiration from the Greek and Roman. They also confuse Rabbinic Judaism with the Judaism of Jesus' times. Prof. Riley however, takes into account Middle Eastern religious history to our search for God.
From the Paper
"He also adds to Greek ideas of Orphism, Pythagoreanism and Plato, by throwing light on the Egyptian and Persian Zoroastrian impact on the progress of Christian concepts of afterlife. Riley highlights the role of Persian Zoroastrianism to make us understand the concept of Satan and God. He includes an in-depth account of how the ancient religious models of God from the East and West including Greek science added to our understanding of our body and soul and the creation of the doctrine of the Trinity in the fourth century. The River of God cannot be taken as a generalized synopsis of world religions because it concentrates on the development of Christianity from so many different religions. Prof. Riley writes on the development of Christianity from a wider perspective. Some scholars will have trivial objection on some of the details and generalizations, but one thing that can be concluded on this book 'The River of God" is that it's a very good resource for strengthening our understanding of God."
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European Jewry, 2004.
This paper traces the history of Eastern and Western European Jewry from before the French Revolution to modern times.
3,545 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Jews had been the historical and current agents of the hated leaders of the past; therefore, at the beginning of the 19th century, as these leaders were brought down, the hatred spread to the Jews. The author points out that, even today in Europe, there is a modern movement that uses some of the same old ideas of inferiority to deem Jews less than others, regardless of their level assimilation or secularization and regardless of the length of time in which they have lived within their chosen communities. The paper relates that there were internal conflicts, which challenged the Jewish culture, as Western Jews attempted to separate themselves from the Eastern Jews, basing their rejection on the anti-Semitics of the culture at large.
From the Paper
"Yet, things were often as fluid as the generational movement of the Jewish people during their famed diaspora. Up to this point, it was clear in both regions (east and west) that the level of tolerance for the ethnic and religious differences of the Jews was under considerable analysis by the majority cultures. Just as these regions were gaining personal independence for themselves, the Jews were losing rights and privileges and suffering the effects of renewed anti-Semitic values by these cultures. Europe was in a sense returning to much earlier days but, in this case, it was traveling toward legislative and legal sanctions that infringed on the rights and movements of the Jews."
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"A Concise History of the Middle East", 2002.
This paper is a collection of answers to five questions based on the classic book, "A Concise History of the Middle East" (6th edition) by Arthur Goldschmidt, Jr..
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper answers five questions based on Goldschmidt's history of the Middle East. The author, for example, when asked --- "How do you square the Muslim notion that they are governed by God (Allah), not man, with the military nature of virtually all of the Middle Eastern states?" --- answered that many Muslims believe Allah endorses their self-preservation at all costs; thus, their warlike nature is endorsed by their religious beliefs, and by necessity, and they continue in fighting today. The author concludes that as long as the Arab nations cannot accept one another and cannot accept the influence of other nations, Muslim or not, there will be continued strife in the area.
From the Paper
"Attempted reforms from the west were unsuccessful in the Ottoman and Persian empires for a variety of reasons. In the Ottoman Empire, reformers such as Russia were not the best choices to choose as allies. Russia had fought the Ottomans often, and when the Empire turned to Russia as a European protector, the Russian motives were certainly not in the Ottoman interests. The Ottoman pact with Russia also alienated other European countries that might have been better influences on Ottoman reforms. As the author notes, "Unfortunately, Britain's insistence on upholding Ottoman territorial integrity was on a collision course with Russia's attempt to win more influence in the Balkans. The crash was the Crimean War of 1853-1856" (Goldschmidt 152). There also was another vital influence from the European powers which doomed western reform. A proclamation was issued which guaranteed all Ottoman subjects equality; the Muslims did not want the Jews and Christians to share the same rights and status, and so the Muslims revolted. The reforms of the Ottoman Empire failed mostly because they chose the wrong ally, and the Europeans did not understand the culture and beliefs of the Muslim race, and so they tried to issue reforms that could not survive in the Muslim culture. "
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"World War I: A Short History", 2002.
A review of the book "World War I: A Short History" by Michael Lyons.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in "World War I: A Short History", Michael Lyons seeks to give an understanding of the nature of the conflict, starting with the socio-economic conditions, foreign policy atmosphere and general sensibilities of the continental leaders that started the Great War. It looks at how from there he goes on to describe the war itself, from the trenches to American involvement to the effect of the conflict on communist revolutions in eastern Europe. It shows how he concludes by showing how the Germans defeated themselves with the idealist principles that dominated the idyllic campus lives of trench-shirkers and leaves us with Europe unsettled and waiting for round two while America's young heroes suffer in anguish from a particularly bad flu season.
From the Paper
"Unlike many of his contemporaries, Lyons also manages to satisfy his readers with an account of the wartime battles and strategies employed, playing both the role of a regular historian and a tactical one. He covers the nature of the conflict from an operational standpoint as well, and speaks of the home fronts of all of the respective states, ranging from the Russian embrace of Bolshevism to the defeat of American sanity at the hands of temperance-conscious American suffragettes. Lyons makes some effort to describe the economic situation in Europe, and talks of the rise in populist sentiments at the expense of traditional "night watchman" classical liberalism."
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A History of Mathematics, 2002.
This paper discusses some aspects of the history of mathematics from the earliest mathematical records to the modern era.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper only touches on some selected aspects of a broad and encompassing subject. The author begins by outlining some of the key developments as a whole before further subdividing into three sections: Greek mathematical developments; Chinese and Middle Eastern developments; and Western developments. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the enormous scope of the history of mathematics.
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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Europe's Emerging Banks and the U.S. Banking History, 2002.
This paper analyzes the banking industry in the United States from the mid-18th through mid-19th century in order to understand the evolution of the banking industry in Europe's developing economies in the 20th century.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper presents four potential dangers to banks in emerging markets and relates them to the lessons of the founding banking system of the United States: Macroeconomic volatility, connected lending, political involvement and financial liberalization. This paper discusses that the emerging banking industries in Eastern Europe must learn to operate in an objective environment free from burdensome and often disastrous government control; just as, the ever-present tension in the United States between government policy and banking policy ensured the banking industry's objectivity. This paper argues that the primary cause of the banking crisis in Eastern Europe was the banks' decision to allow financiers with little experience and even less capital to set up their own banks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
European Economies and the Evolution of the U.S. Banking Industry
Macroeconomic Volatility
Connected Lending
Government Involvement
Financial Liberalization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The insistence by the American chief executive in the mid 18th to mid 19th century to keep separate government policy from banking policy has not been demonstrated in the communist economies of Eastern Europe. The second major crisis factor for these economies has been connected (or insider) lending, particularly in Russia. Though not unheard of in rich countries, connected lending is a more serious problem in emerging countries, where supervisors are less rigorous about rooting it out. The Economist maintains that connected lending has recently caused serious problems where unscrupulous businessmen have found it easy to set up banks simply to finance their other companies' pet projects. Thus, at many Russian banks, the personal ambitions of owners and managers still come before the prudent assessment of lending risks. Loans to related companies are rarely made on an arm's length basis and tend to be granted at below-market rates, with scant credit vetting."
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