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Earth's Moon, 2005.
A brief explanation on the earth's moon.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes the functions of the moon. It looks at the magnetic forces and fields and how these impact the solar system. It also discusses the history of the development of knowledge that scientists have about the moon.
From the Paper
"The lunar crust is composed of a variety of primary elements, including uranium, thorium, potassium, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, iron, titanium, calcium, aluminum and hydrogen (Korotev, 2004). When bombarded by cosmic rays, each element bounces back into space its own radiation, in the form of gamma rays. Some elements, such as uranium, thorium and potassium, are radioactive and emit gamma rays on their own. However, regardless of what causes them, gamma rays for each element are all different from one another - each produces a unique spectral "signature", detectable by a spectrometer."
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Bad Engineering in Science Fiction, 2004.
This paper discusses that four works of science fiction stand out for their use of bad engineering: Jules Verne?s ?From the Earth to the Moon? (1865); Karel Capek?s ?R.U.R?(1921); Fritz Lang?s ?Metropolis? (1926); and Maurice Elvey?s ?Transatlantic Tunnel
1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that some of the devices and instruments featured in many popular science fiction novels and films are, in essence, conceived through bad engineering, meaning that these devices and instruments are neither practical nor possible according to present scientific knowledge. The author points out that Verne?s ?rocket to the moon? stands as the ultimate example of bad engineering, even when one takes into consideration that Verne was using his imagination as a means of conveying his ideas to the reading public, who, at the time of the novel?s publication, were obviously quite ignorant of science. The paper relates that Capek?s plot in ?R.U.R? is the seminal robot motif that has influenced every science fiction film, but the vision of creating a race of robots that take over the roles usually assigned to human beings in the context of work and labor was far-fetched for its time and is still so even in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"Michel Ardan then suggests that the spaceship launching will be powered by a formidable quantity of guncotton, and that the occupants of this spaceship will be protected from the shock of the launch by a layer of water filling the space between the vehicle?s double walls. There will also be thick glass portholes for observation, sealed during the liftoff and then opened by screws controlled from the inside of the vehicle. The air supply will be renewed by oxygen obtained by heating potassium chlorate, a powerful oxidizing agent. The flight, of course, will be monitored from the ground by a powerful Rocky Mountain telescope operated by the Cambridge observatory."
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Earth Odyssey: A Review, 2001.
This is a book review of Mark Hertsgaard's book, "Earth Odyssey: Around the Earth in Search of our Environmental Future."
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion and analysis of the environmental issues that are discussed in Mark Hersgaard's book, "Earth Odyssey." Some of the topics examined are nuclear technology, humanity's addiction to the automobile, the health of the planet and the affects of unbounded capitalism. The author also discusses poverty, and some of the reasons for the disparities between the richer and poorer countries and their populations. The author also poses several solutions to some of these problems.
From the Paper
"But Hertsgaard also brings up other ways we are destroying our environment, that beyond our own selves. According to Hertsgaard, ?the automobile may well be the ultimate symbol of the modern environmental crisis? (p.90) The world?s fleet of cars contributes ? between 20 and 25 percent of current greenhouse gas emissions; only electric power plants, with 25 percent, and deforestation, with 25 percent, are as damaging.? (p.94) And then there?s health effects: ?A study released by Harvard University researchers in 1995 found that 30,000 Americans die every year from respiratory illnesses related to car exhaust, while another 12,000 people die prematurely because of such exhaust? (p.95) Clearly, this is a point in his argument he feels especially strong about. And more importantly, it?s one we as a population can control."
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Geology of the Moon, 2004.
A description of the geology of the moon based on samples brought back from the moon.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the geology of the moon as determined by samples brought back from the moon and gravitational and magnetic studies carried out by the Apollo and Lunar Prospector missions. It describes the types of minerals found on the moon, and how the various geologic features were formed.
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The Snowball Hypothesis for Earth, 2005.
This paper discusses the Snowball Hypothesis for Earth theory, which proposes that the Earth has a history of temperature cycles.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Snowball Hypothesis for Earth, which is a theory speculating that the earth has experienced consistent cyclical hot and cold periods, can be considered a possible cause of the current trends toward warmer climates and rising seas. The author points out that the theory encompasses tropical sea-level glaciers, distributions of continents, carbon dioxide levels, solar input, banded iron formations and early bacterial life. The paper states that scientist speculate that approximately twenty thousand years ago, our deep ocean waters moved towards the freezing point, but those water temperatures were not near the equator as was the case during the Neoproterozoic period.
From the Paper
"As we currently fear global warming, evidence may be pointing to eventual temperature shifts that follow the Yin and Yang of life. First, there are opposites hot and cold. The planet is merely going through its normal cyclical changes so we should not fear global warming any more than we should expect it as we should also expect another future snowball. "For the last million years, the Earth has been in its coldest state since the Neoproterozoic. We are now living in a relatively warm episode, some 80,000 years from the next glacial maximum, but some evidence suggests that each successive glaciation over the last several cycles has been getting stronger and stronger.""
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Why We Can Only Live on Earth, 2005.
A look at why Earth, as far as our technology can determine, is the only planet that can sustain human life.
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at why life forms on Earth can live on the Earth but cannot survive on other planets. In exploring this fact, this essay discusses scientific theories about the creation of the universe, how conditions on Earth support life, and how the conditions on other planets are hostile to it.
From the Paper
"The current scientific theory about the creation of the universe states that at one time all the matter and energy in the universe was condensed in a very small and infinitely hot mass. About 10 and 15 billion years ago, a huge explosion, termed the ?Big Bang,? took place that sent matter and energy expanding in all directions, and the universe was born. The formation of the stars (including our sun), the galaxies, and the planets are all explained by the Big Bang theory. This hypothesis about the creation of the universe was developed following the observation by an American astronomer, Edwin Hubble, in the late 1920s that distant stars and galaxies are receding from Earth in every direction?indicating that the universe was expanding."
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The Origins of the Earth, 2002.
A look at the different theories on the creation of the Universe and the development of the Earth.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the creation of the universe, and more particularly about the earth and its early development. To date, no conclusive answer has been drawn about the events of 10-20 billion years ago when the universe came into existence. The whole idea of the 'big bang' is still a matter of debate for scholars, and this paper will attempt to do no more than touch on some of the commonly held ideas about the origins of the universe and the earth. The paper will discuss a few of the events that followed the creation of the universe and the earth, and to explain events as they are currently understood. The format of the paper will be as follows: first, it will discuss the formation of the universe; second, the earth in some detail, looking at the creation of the oceans and the atmosphere; third, it will conclude with an overview of the topic at hand.
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Inquiry-Based Education in Earth Science Instruction, 2005.
A discussion of a teacher's experience when presenting Earth Science coursework in the secondary school setting.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the experience of a secondary school teacher presenting Earth Science coursework, covering the various teaching related tools and skills necessary for teaching science in the secondary school setting.
Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Inquiry-Based Instruction Defined
Development and Demonstration of Inquiry Based
Learning Activities in Science Instruction
National Science Education Standards and Grade Appropriateness
Classroom Dynamics for Secondary School Instruction
Assessment in Earth Science Teaching
Design of Curriculum
Example: High-School Earth-Science Activity
Original Middle-School Earth-Science Activity
Teacher Presentation
Lesson and Activity Objectives
Grading for Science
National Norm Referenced Testing for Science
From the Paper
"Earth Science is particularly complicated in relation to instruction in the contemporary classroom. This is because of the many political and social issues involved in this area of study which, in the eyes of many, is an area of religious import as well. Furthermore, the initiative to teach in an inquiry-based manner further expands the research and examination in relation to providing instruction in Earth Science. When considering a method of instruction it is critical to take into account the grade-level appropriateness in relation to the curriculum and inclusive classroom activities when planning the instructional lessons and accompanying activities."
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The Moon Illusion, 2002.
A comprehensive discussion of the moon illusion, illustrating its scientific and philosophic implications.
3,302 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the history of illusions and the effect they have had on the intellectual development of the western world. The paper discusses the roots of the problem of the moon allusion in philosophy and the crossover into psychology. An outline is presented of what the moon illusion is, illustrating the issues of size and distance of the moon. The paper provides some of the common responses to the moon allusion by people like Baird and Wagner, Kaufman and Rock, Parks, and Reed. The implications for both science and philosophy for the various outcomes achieved by the researchers are examined.
From the Paper
"Open up any philosophical text, from the elementary textbook, Does the Center Hold? by Donald Palmer to the Oxford History of Western Philosophy. The first entry in the book will be Socrates. Even as far back as that, and probably further back than that, people have been concerned with the problems of perception. Idealism, realism, skepticism. How do we know what we know when the world can change so frequently, so fast. If our senses sometimes deceive us, and they tend to deceive us often, how can we rely upon them to tell us about the outside world. Perhaps it was when these questions were first posed that the science of psychology was first born."
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Shelley's Moon, 2002.
A short essay detailing the relationship of the moon motif in "Frankenstein" to author Mary Shelley's personal life.
1,096 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the moon imagery in Shelley's novel and as it relates to her personal life. By associating these ideas of nature, society and man with their respective symbols of the moon, societal traits and the monster, Shelley connected the story of "Frankenstein" to her life. It shows how the moon is used to pinpoint important ideas of "Frankenstein" in relation to the popular opinions during Shelley?s time and to indicate her personal connection to characters in the story.
From the Paper
"The Romantic authors considered nature to be pure, void of corruption by society. Although society caused corruption, individuals, at birth, were also pure entities. These ideas existed before the Romantic era, delineated by John Locke during the late seventeenth century. Locke addressed a hypothetical situation: ?man in the state of nature.? He concluded that, before despoiled by society, man?s mind is a ?tabula rasa? or blank slate (Palmer 307). The monster, when he initially emerges from Frankenstein?s house, is the perfect embodiment of purity. When the monster discovers the moon, he exists in a world of indistinct chaos, feeling only ?light, hunger, and thirst, and darkness? (Shelley 88). The monster?s elemental existence is a reproduction of the ideas of man?s untainted state at birth."
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Ecological Footprints: Sustaining Our Earth, 2002.
Explains the effects ecological footprints have on sustaining our country and the planet Earth.
2,406 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how ecological footprints, effective ecological tools used to help maintain our world, impose many questions in sustaining the earth?s life. Charts are included with the paper.
Defining Our Ecological Footprint
Dependency on Nature
Carrying Capacity of Cities and Earth
Comparison between Countries
Natural Capita: Effects on the Earth
Impact of the World Economies
Solutions
From the Paper
"The world economy has a great impact on the ecological footprints of the world. Every country wants to obtain economic growth to produce more money. But in doing this, they have to deplete their natural capital, which in turn, is not helping in sustaining this world. As William Rees states, ?there is simply not enough on the planet to sustain present international development trends using prevailing technologies? (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). So something drastic has to be done. As the ecological footprints of humans are already too large for the earth to handle, how can we accommodate the rising materials and rising in population, while trying to sustain the earth. Most analysts agree that it can happen in two ways: through a reduction in the standard of living or through the increase in material and energy efficiency (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). These two issues also apply problems, through cultural, economic, and social values. Especially in the more developed countries. To lower the standard of living would be outright rejected in the more developed countries such as Canada and the U. S. So indeed, most people agree that ?global sustainability is achievable only through large increases in the consumption of goods and services in both poorer and richer countries? (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). But still a problem arises. There will still be inequity in the growth of the more and less developed countries. It seems the richer get richer and the poorer get poorer. A consensus seems to be emerging though. They say that the needed consumption will work if there is a reduction in the material energy costs of goods and services. "
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William Least Heat Moon's "Blue Highways", 2007.
Reviews William Least Heat Moon's book, "Blue Highways", about his journey into mind, soul and culture.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes William Least Heat Moon's "Blue Highways", which is an account of his journey along the back roads of the United States. The papers relates that Heat Moon's writing style is so compelling that the reviewer feels as if he is riding along in the passenger seat. A central theme of the story is that, even in Heat Moon's search for his ancestral roots, the only thing that is constant is change.
Table of Contents:
The Adventure
Change: A Constant Theme Throughout
From Beginning to End and Past to Present
From the Paper
"It seems that the looming issues in Heat Moon's life were a major influence on his decision to set out on this journey. After losing his wife to another man and losing his job, he decided to head out on a search for forgotten parts of America and the American experience by traveling the old back roads through old towns. This is an attempt to see passed the superficial nature of modern American culture by connecting with himself and nature by admiring idyllic, and not so idyllic, landscapes."
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The Planet Earth, 2007.
A look at Earth as compared to the other planets in our solar system.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why Earth is the only planet in our solar system capable of sustaining life and how it is the only planet that has plentiful liquid water and an atmosphere that can protect the planet from the harmful ultra-violet rays of the Sun. The paper attempts to determine what makes Earth so special by using comparative planetology to understand what makes Earth a habitat for life and what makes it so different from the other planets in our solar system.
Outline:
Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"If we were to look at Earth as a starting point to compare the other eight planets in our solar system, the first thing we notice from space is the magnificent blue color and swirls of clouds. This is an inviting sight and is the first hint at why life is found on our planet. Earth has many features that the other planets do not have. Earth has many features that make it unique. Earth is made of rock and metal. It is one of the four terrestrial planets and has the largest Moon in the solar system. Earth has abundant volcanic activity because of its size in comparison to the other terrestrial planets. With the abundance of water and oxygen, Earth's atmosphere stays in balance and is able to continue supporting life. The liquid oceans help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the presence of a stratosphere helps protect the surface from the deadly ultra-violet rays of the Sun. Another unique feature of Earth is plate tectonics. Plate tectonics acts as giant conveyor belt that moves the mantle of Earth around, which constantly changes the look of our planet. Although Earth's interior needs much more exploration, scientists can tell about the composition of the deepest regions of Earth by using seismic waves following an earthquake. By reading this seismic data carefully, scientists get a better understanding of interior Earth."
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The Geology of Earth, 2002.
A history of the geological development of the Earth.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the evolution of the Earth, with a brief explanation of how this process was started and how it continues. By understanding the growing process of the Earth structural growth, we can get a good look at the geological proof it has to offer. In the many faceted view of the Earth's history in geology, the growth of the planet can explain many structural changes involved.
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Earth's Diameter, 2002.
An insight in how to measure the diameter of the Earth.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Eratosthenes' calculation of the Earth's diameter, based on one assumption and two measurements, that the Earth was a sphere and that the two measurements made are the degree of the Earth's shadow at noon at two points and the distance between those points. It outlines how this experiment can be repeated by measuring the degree of the shadows cast at two locations either directly north or south of each other at noon on the same day and details the equipment required, the measurements to be taken and the mathematical equations involved.
From the Paper
"Eratosthanes used the city of Syene in Egypt as the first point. This point was selected because it was known that on noon on the first day of summer the sun was directly overhead. This was known because people observed that at this time, the buildings cast no shadows (York University). Therefore, the degree of the shadow at Syene was 0o.
Eratosthanes then needed to know the degree of the shadow at another point either directly north or directly south, at the same time of day. Eratosthanes selected Alexandria as the second city. The degree of the sun's shadow was measured and found to be 7.2o (HEASARC)."
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Man on the Moon, 2002.
A discussion of man's first walk on the moon by astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldren.
1,549 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most important and nation altering events to occur in the 1960s, the Apollo astronaut program, specifically, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldren's successful walk on the moon on July 20, 1969. It analyzes how space flight stimulated the nation's growth in myriad ways. It looks at the many technological advances came from the Mercury and Apollo programs and beyond, from lightweight metal alloys to smaller and smaller computer guidance systems which eventually turned into desktop computers so extremely prevalent in the world today. It evaluates how if we had not gone to the moon, our lives today might be much different and so would many of our institutions. Space flight stimulated technological growth, national pride and the notion that we can still "reach for the stars."
From the Paper
"First came the Mercury project, where America put men in space. On May 5, 1961, Major Alan Shepard, a Naval academy graduate and test pilot, climbed aboard the Freedom 7 capsule atop a Redstone rocket and became the first American in space. Shepard?s flight was sub orbital and lasted only 15 minutes, but it showed America we could still be vital in the space race (which the Russians were winning at the moment), and it kindled spirit and passion in the minds of Americans. The Mercury program ran from 1958 to 1963, and satisfied all its objectives. The Gemini flights between 1965 and 1966 were designed to transition between the Mercury exercises and the Apollo moon missions. The Gemini flights were to teach us how maneuver a spacecraft by maneuvering it in orbit, rendezvousing in space, docking with other vehicles, perfecting methods of entering the atmosphere, and landing at a preselected point on land."
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