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"The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist", 2002.
The following paper examines Francis Ames-Lewis' book, "The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist" (2000).
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how early Renaissance artists, such as Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Mantegna, among others, successfully gained intellectual recognition and respect, and achieved acceptance of their artistic work in the same way as other liberal arts with reference to Francis Ames-Lewis' book, "The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist" (2000).
From the Paper
"Ames-Lewis explores the methods and attitudes that were adopted and promoted in order to further the recognition of the artist as a creative genius who possesses and develops a unique identity and individuality.In his beautifully illustrated volume, Ames-Lewis investigates the gradual increase in the status of the artist, both from the personal efforts of the individual artists, who strongly believed that they merited a status greater than that of a craftsmen, and also from the changing perception of the society in which they lived and worked. He examines the cultural ethos of the time, which placed an increasing importance and prestige on those who were perceived as being 'learned', thus concentrating the artists' desire to develop, and exhibit, their intellectual prowess, in addition to their recognized artistic talents."
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Early Renaissance Art, 2007.
An analysis of early Renaissance art, in the form of a statue of Athena and the sculpture of "David."
1,886 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses early Renaissance art. It focuses on sculptures that were commissioned for various reasons. The paper describes these works of art - their inspiration and properties and the purpose of their commissions. It particularly focuses on a statue of Pallas Athena, the ancient goddess of wisdom and the protector of the city of Athens and the sculpture of "David."
From the Paper
"The only possible objection might be the church that might resist the image of a nude female form from mythology standing proud before the city. Yet the Medicis wished that their power, over the authority of the Church and the technical legal status of Florence as a republic would reign supreme. They were making a new republic of wisdom that was in reality not a democracy at all, just like "David," for all of the gestures made to Biblical times in its name and in the statue's slingshot, really strikes the viewer as more of a celebration of Man and the artistry of the sculptor than the divine. The sculpture would pay homage to the right ideology on the surface, but an even deeper message of raw power would be expressed by the image of stone and metal."
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Early Renaissance Art History, 2004.
An examination of three ways in which art changed during the Renaissance period, with an analysis of some specific works.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are three highly significant ways in which Renaissance art can be considered a turning point for the visual arts. It shows how, first, a series of technical advances took place from the late 13th century to the early 15th century, notably a new feeling for the solidity of bodies, for the dramatic possibilities of design and composition, and the development of scientific perspective. Second, the writer explains that there is a rising interest in the classical civilizations, most importantly ancient Rome, leading to a concern to imitate classical architecture, sculpture, and as far as possible, painting. Finally, paralleling the development of new humanism in learning and scholarship, the writer points out that a change in the content of works of art can be discerned, as ideas from philosophy and literature influence both the choice of subject and the way in which it is handled.
From the Paper
"A new individuality of style and of genre can be seen in much of the work of this period, with a breaking down of the categories of religious and devotional painting that had characterized the 14th and earlier 15th centuries. The work of Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449-94) has been described as only 'nominally religious', and is typified by portraits and set pieces cast in the form of religious works but with more naturalistic and humanistic dimensions than in the devotional pictures of the previous century. His 'Adoration of the Shepherds' of 1485 [fig. 2] shows influences of Flemish painting in the naturalistic portraits of the figures on the right, while the careful detailing of the ancient Roman sarcophagus being used as the manger demonstrates his concern with the antique and the classical. At the other end of the spectrum from the painters who strove for realism in art was Sandro Botticelli. In Botticelli's work the quest for linear harmony that had begun with Donatello reaches a climax in such non-naturalistic exercises in contour, movement and symbolism as 'Primavera, the Allegory of Spring' (c.1482)."
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Botticelli and the Italian Renaissance, 2004.
An examination of how Botticelli's painting, "Mars and Venus", is characteristic of the early Italian Renaissance period.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 29.95
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Abstract
"Mars and Venus" by Sandro Botticelli is a typical example of the art of the Early Italian Renaissance. The writer explains how the painting depicts the relaxed goddess of love, Venus, looking over the sleeping form of Mars, the god of war, showing the power of love to conquer violence and war. It points out that "Mars and Venus" falls neatly within the themes of the Italian Renaissance, which focused on the classical works of both Greek and Roman material. The painting also illustrates Botticelli's ability to capture muted skin tones and create a fantastic and dreamlike atmosphere.
From the Paper
"Born Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi in 1445 in Florence, Italy, Sandro Botticelli became one of the most noted artists of the Early Italian Renaissance. Botticelli was known for his commissions for major churches in Florence, as well as his famed wall frescos on the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican in Rome. He painted a number of famed religious paintings, including "The Adoration of the Magi", "Madonna of the Pomegranate", "The Cestello Annunciation", as well as a number of paintings that depicted Roman and Greek legends, including "Primavera", "The Birth of Venus", "Mars and Venus" (WebMuseum)."
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Renaissance and the Military, 2002.
A look at the military history and international conflict in the Renaissance and early modern period.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 16 sources, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the art of war in the early modern period. It presents five brief essays on important issues and individuals: the development of guns, the development of artillery, changes in fortification, Joan of Arc the only female military leader of the era, and Machiavelli the principle theorist of diplomacy and warfare in the period.
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Renaissance Sculpture, 2002.
Compares the "Davids" by Donatello and Michelangelo to show how both pieces epitomize their periods and styles.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The division of Renaissance art into three distinct periods began with Giorgio Vasari, the great Florentine art historian and chronicler of the lives of the artists. Vasari concluded, based on his universally accepted perception of Michelangelo as "Il Divino," that Renaissance art reached its most sublime expression in the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. However, some modern art historians wonder how valid or valuable this categorization and consequential value judgment is. Roberta J. M. Olson challenges the very existence of a "High Renaissance," on the grounds that "the term is artificial, a qualitative judgment of 'High' signifying the best," The paper shows that there are surely noticeable differences in the vivid expressions of Italian Renaissance art from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Art from the early period of the Renaissance sprouted from the preceding medieval and Gothic artistic traditions, with their emphasis on dramatic facial expressions and compositions. This is especially evident in the sculptural arts, those three-dimensional figures that rendered the human form with increasing idealism. The paper shows that this trend toward idealistic renditions of the human face and figure directly derived from a revived interest in the Classical arts of ancient Greece and Rome. In fact, Renaissance art in general is defined by its classical motifs, materials, and mannerisms. Donatello signified this coming together of two artistic and philosophical traditions in the early periods of the Renaissance in Florence. A century later, Michelangelo Buonarotti built upon Donatello's earlier contributions to Italian art and sculpture in particular. The paper explains that although the works of Michelangelo defy categorization, his is generally considered to be "instrumental in creating the High Renaissance," and is heralded as that period's hallmark of all the works available for research by art historians, the two that most epitomize their periods and styles and which are most easily comparable because of their similar subject matter are Donatello's and Michelangelo's statues of David. This paper therefore examines and discusses these two pieces and show how they characterize the time periods they represent.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Donatello's David signifies the budding Renaissance style because it incorporates distinctive classical elements. These elements would later mature in the corresponding David by Michelangelo. Nevertheless, while Donatello preserved Biblical accuracy in his rendition of David slaying Goliath, he also paid tribute to the sculpture of ancient Greece and Rome. His David, in fact, is almost Mercurial with its pagan-influenced hat and its adorning wreath. Here, Christianity and paganism coexist in one statue. Michelangelo's later version had none of this; in fact, Michelangelo did away with the image of Goliath altogether to focus solely on the stature of the hero-as if he perceived David as more of an ancient athlete than a Christian warrior. Similarly, Michelangelo underemphasized the actual struggle between David and Goliath: instead of a sword placed valiantly in the foreground as it is in Donatello's, Michelangelo's David sports a barely noticeable sling."
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High Renaissance, 2004.
An insight into the High Renaissance era of art history.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance movement, which took place in Europe from the early 14th to late 16th century, and witnessed a revival of interest in the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity, especially in Italy. In particular, it looks at how the culmination of the artistic revolution of the Early Renaissance led to what is now known as the High Renaissance to signify the period of explosion of creative genius, producing as it did the work of great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. It examines how High Renaissance Art touched unparalleled heights of creative expression because it brought the artist's personal expression into well-established techniques and style, thereby increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art . It also shows how an essential characteristic of High Renaissance Art is seen as its unified balance between technical skill and the artist's intuition or personal expression.
From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci's The Madonna of the Rocks exists in two, nearly identical versions; one, entirely credited to Leonardo, in the Louvre, Paris and the second, considered a collaboration because of its distinctly sixteenth century characteristics of larger figures, in London's National Gallery. Both versions depict a supposed meeting of the Christ Child and the infant saint John. The painting shows the infant Baptist, sheltering under Mary's cloak, venerating the Christ Child in a cool, watery wilderness. The figures, grouped in a pyramid, are glimpsed in a dimly lit grotto setting of rocks and water, a setting that inspired the work's name."
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Emergence Of Early Western Civilization, 2002.
Explores the political, religious, economic, and societal conditions and changes of early western civilication before and after the Renaissance.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper is on the emergence of early western civilization and focuses primarily on the condition of the western world before and after the coming of the Renaissance followed by the Reformation. Both the eras mark the beginning of a society based on humanism and education. This paper also reviews the political, religious, economic and social transformation undergone by these societies to completely eradicate the reminiscence of the Middle Age.
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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Sandro Botticelli, 2002.
A look at the early Renaissance works of Sandro Botticelli.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the painter Sandro Botticelli and some of his works from the early Renaissance.
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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Renaissance, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the Renaissance period.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for most historians and scholars, determining exactly when the Renaissance Period began has proven to be very difficult, but the majority believe that the embryo of the Renaissance era began in the early 15th century. The writer discusses the Renaissance period when the most influential men and women were those who, as a combined force, literally changed the way that humans think about the natural world and their existence within it. The writer maintains that the Renaissance period was indeed a time of triumph and artistic mastery and greatly shaped and convoluted the then known world. Further, the writer relates that it witnessed the growth and development of architecture, sculpture and painting as never before in the history of Western civilization. The writer concludes that the masters of the Renaissance created what today is called fine art.
From the Paper
"The grandson of Cosimo de Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent who went far beyond his grandfather in regards to accumulating masterpieces of art and the men who created them. As a poet, Lorenzo gathered about him an immense plethora of artists from all fields of study and extended his grandfather's library at Florence which helped to establish one of the first European centers for academic instruction in the arts, known as the Platonic Academy of Philosophy. Lorenzo also spend huge sums of money on the refurbishment of buildings and festivals dedicated to the arts."
"Thus, through the combined power and influence of the de Medici, the city of Florence became one of great beauty and stood as the capital of all the arts in Europe for more than two hundred years. Also, this flourishing of the arts in Florence resulted in tremendous growth in other European cities and extended well into the northern regions of Europe to create what is known as the Northern Renaissance."
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Irish Renaissance, 2005.
A look the Irish Renaissance of literature and culture at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many of the writers of the Irish Renaissance often memorialized the new nationalist sentiments arising in Ireland and the increased tensions between Ireland and Britain in their writings. The paper notes that the Irish Renaissance was both a renaissance of Irish themes and a reminder that Ireland was not a full country with full autonomy, creating a tension that many of the writers would explore in their works.
From the Paper
"For example, William Butler Yeats is identified with the mythology of early Ireland, and his works feature the stories of the Irish hero Cuchulain in particular. This mythic background is part of what gives the poet his distinctive voice. At the same time, the poet often chafes against the mythology, as if the truths it shapes for him were false. Yeats made reference to other mythologies as well, notably those of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but he seemed less concerned with those references, perhaps because he knew that those mythic stories were better known to the world at large. He may have feared that his poetry was understandable only to the Irish and not to the world at large. Yeats expresses his love for his country and its people and does so in poetry that elevates nature while finding the other-worldly in that nature at the same time, which is often where the mythology enters as well."
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Music and Performing Arts, Renaissance to Today, 2007.
A discussion of music and drama, from the Renaissance era until today.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence that music and performing arts have had on human culture and society, focusing on the Renaissance period. The paper explains that in the early part of the Renaissance, the role of music was tremendously important as polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall. The paper notes that there is no doubt that the technological impact of recording technologies, beginning with the phonograph and leading up to today's CDs and DVDs, has had an impact upon the individual enjoyment and distribution of music and dramatic art forms (especially film), unprecedented since the invention of the printing press in the Renaissance. In conclusion, the paper shows that today, the Internet has hugely assisted in enabling individuals to share such work among themselves, though not to the point of alleviating the isolating influence of technology or to creating a new form of communal experience.
From the Paper
"In the early part of the Renaissance, the role of religion, that is to say, the church as an organization and social unifying force, was still prominent above all else. Nation-states had not yet arisen to assert their claim on peoples' loyalty. The church represented stability and social cohesion in a world of uncertainty and danger from many sources: feudal overlords, weak central governments, and unpredictable weather and harvests. The role of music was thus tremendously important too in this period. Polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, and generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall."
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Italian Renaissance and Artists, 2004.
An examination of the influence that Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael had on the European culture during the Renaissance.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
Renaissance ("Rebirth") refers to the period after the Middle Ages when a series of dynamic intellectual, cultural, and artistic movements, from the 14th to 16th century, catapulted Europe towards rapid development, leading to the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and modern times. During this rich period of exciting developments in arts, sciences, and politics, Italy was the major catalyst and became the cultural leader of Europe. It also produced several outstanding artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who changed the face of European art forever and are worthy representatives of the Renaissance era. This paper is about the Italian Renaissance and the impact of the three great artists on European culture.
Outline
Background
Italian Renaissance and its Emphasis on Art
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1520)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The period following the eclipse of the Roman Empire around 500 AD until the start of the "Renaissance" at the start of the 14th century is known in history as the Middle Ages of Europe. The period saw the rise of Christianity and the power of the Church that became a major influence in culture as well as politics. The Christian doctrine focused on salvation and the life hereafter and de-emphasized the worldly life and possessions. The period also saw the rise and spread of Islam, although most of Europe remained under the Byzantine Empire and a fragmented West. Italy's cities and towns in general became largely depopulated and the country, as a whole, became a rural society after the fall of the Roman Empire. This situation lasted until the 11th-12th century when Italy's strategic location on the trade routes between Western Europe and the Muslim world and Asia helped revive commercial and trade activity in the region."
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History of Art, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the styles of the different art periods, early Renaissance, high Renaissance, the Mannerisms, late Gothic and Renaissance of the North.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper will give a brief overview of the early Renaissance, high Renaissance, the Mannerisms, late Gothic and Renaissance of the north. By discussing the similarities of these works of art a better understanding can be made of these different art periods and their relation to one another. Through the different masterpieces of art there will be an examination of the artist and how they related to their times in their work.
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