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The E.U. Common Commercial Policy, 2004.
This paper discusses the commercial policy of the European Common Market, or the European Union, which made it more than just a free trade area.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the major aims of the European Union was the creation of a single market, amalgamating all the members of the European Union into a single entity, by defining a common commercial policy, reducing the economic difference between the rich and poor members of the European Union, and stabilizing the currencies of the E.U members. The author points out that the European Union, contributing 18% of the world's exports, is the world's largest exporter, which exceeds the United States and Japan, both of whom contribute 16% of the world's exports. The paper relates that there is controversy within the European Union pertaining to the difficulties that economically weaker countries face by the terms restricting the trade in services outside the European Union and the use of their more economical labor force to increase their trade outside the European Union.
From the Paper
"In addition, the framework of the World Trade Organization with its trade barrier regulations gives the facility to challenge any steps taken by the third world countries that run contrary to the spirit of the rules of balanced trade. The European Union has taken steps to make these measures more effective by reducing the time limit for taking such decisions and also reforming the decision making process in such a manner that makes it no longer possible for a few countries to stand against the will of the majority by blocking the implementation of retaliatory measures. Instruments for countering counterfeiting permit the stoppage of copied or pirated goods to be stopped at the border. In addition the European Union has made arrangements and negotiated agreements whereby the import of some sensitive items is restricted."
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Common Agricultural Policy, 2008.
An analysis of the initial rationale, practice, policies, outcomes and recommendations of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
2,644 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the European Union's recent reiteration of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It discusses the reforms that are currently underway to help reframe the CAP model and promote equitable trade within European agricultural partnerships. The paper also looks at the criticism of these initiative by policymakers and economists and describes the rationale that makes the initiatives necessary.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Initial Rationale
Practices
Policies
Outcomes
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Efficient and equitable functioning under the CAP was not possible under the conditions that existed prior to the reform processes that took place in 2004 and 2005. The outlay of expenses was simply not compensated for in positive economic developments; moreover, social justice, which was a mainstay of the CAP as a means of improving the quality of life for rural and agrarian communities, does not appear to have been met. Salvatici's (2001) "liberalization" model also indicates failure to improve quality of life for the majority of persons, suggesting that abandonment of the CAP is equally as unfeasible as allowing it to maintain its current course of action."
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E.U. Policy-Making, 2002.
An examination of the implementation difficulties which the European Commission has identified as undermining the policy-making abilities of the EU institutions.
3,207 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the European Commission has become aware of an ?implementation deficit? within the EU policy process. It looks at how its primary role regarding EU policy implementation is that of supervisor and overseer and how although it is responsible for direct implementation to a limited extent, the majority of implementation is delegated to agencies within the member states. It attempts to show how it is this subsidiarity of policy implementation which has emerged as the principal cause of the implementation deficit, although various other factors add to this problem. In order to understand the extent to which these implementation difficulties undermine EU policy-making, each of the primary factors which contribute to this deficit are examined and examples of actual EU policies that have suffered as a result are provided.
From the Paper
"A further means by which EU policy-making may be undermined is the presence of too many intervening links in the implementation process. The higher the number of links, the greater is the risk of failure. For instance, the EU?s anti sexual discrimination policies would go through so many links before reaching their intended target (e.g. an office) that the policy may have been ?eroded? to such an extent that, when implemented, it can be totally distorted from the original Commission policy."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Current Domain Name Policies and E-Commerce, 2001.
An examination of the issue of trademark and the current domain name registration process, along with examples of recent legal cases of domain name abuse.
3,570 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper discuss the problem of cyber squatting along with specific legislation and organizations' rights over their business identity. The issue of trademark is examined and the current domain name registration process is analyzed. Examples are stated involving recent legal cases of domain name abuse.
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European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy, 2008.
An examination of the European Union's common foreign and security policy (CFSP) established during 1993.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the foreign policy established by the European Union during 1993. The paper explains that the aims of the policy include issues such as safeguarding common values and fundamental interests shared by all Member States as well as strengthening the security and co-operation between Member States. The paper points out that the European Union functions as part of a larger conglomerate of countries that foster relationships to the advantage of all partners involved. The paper also looks at how the EU is exemplary of the amiable collaboration between countries to find common ground rather than points of conflict. In conclusion, the paper shows that the relationship between Russia and the EU promotes the mutual trust and respect necessary for countries to function well together. By collaborating, these countries then become more than the sum of their parts, and become beacons of excellence and an example for the rest of the world to follow.
Outline:
Introduction: Foreign Policy
History of EU/Russia Relations
The Way Forward: Common Spaces
- The Common Economic Space
- The Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice
- The Common Space of External Security
- The Common Space on Research, Education, and Culture
From the Paper
"A common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) was established in 1999 in order to streamline security operations such as peacekeeping and conflict prevention. This has been applied successfully in locations such as Bosnia and the Republic of Congo. On the domestic front security and peace are two issues that enjoy top priority in the European Union. Indeed securing peace in Europe as a whole is one of the reasons behind the integration of the continent into a single entity. As such the EU has followed a paradigm of expansion inviting all to share in its collective paradigms of democracy and peace across the European continent. Countries are invited to join the Union under its European Neighborhood Policy. Under this policy, the EU is also collaborating with countries such as Russia in order to create mutually beneficial paradigms that will eventually extend beyond the borders of these alliances in order to benefit the earth as a whole."
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The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and European Security and Defense Policy, since the Maastricht Treaty.
3,578 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of the European Union's (EU)Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) since the Maastricht Treaty. It aims to determine how successful these institutional developments have been in addressing current security challenges. The paper also identifies how these processes are affecting the respective members of the EU and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Recent Trends and Events
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research showed that most observers did not expect the process to be seamless or trouble-free, but it would seem that the trends clearly indicate that the Europeanization process continues to move forward in inexorable ways, with the need for establishing a viable mechanism to provide for mutual defense representing one of the more compelling reasons in support of the process. While the nations of Europe have historically sought out such alliances for their mutual defense, the process has expanded in recent years to include many former adversaries that appeared to represent a step in the right direction for ensuring a prosperous future for all members of the EU. Alas, the war on terrorism is not going to be finished anytime soon and defense will likely remain at the forefront of the move toward a United States of Europe that reflects the mutual but diverse interests of its members."
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Common Foreign And Security Policy, 2002.
A argument in favor of a common foreign and security policy for all members of European Union.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how The European Union decided to adopt a common foreign and security policy in 1993 when the Treaty on European Union was signed at Maastricht, in order to safeguard and promote the interests of the member states. It explains why Europe needs to integrate its defense and foreign policies and how integration in this area will enhance its role in the international arena. With economic ties strengthening between member states, it is only natural that their political affairs will merge in the long run and since Europe now has a common currency and has turned in a large single market, it is impossible to keep political affairs separate for each country.
From the Paper
"With economic ties strengthening between member states, it is only natural that their political affairs will merge in the long run. Politics is strongly interconnected with economics and activity is the latter always has an influential bearing on the former. European nations cannot expect to remain interested in the economic side of the integration while forgetting all the other areas."
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E.E. Cummings, 2002.
Examines the opinions of poet E.E. Cummings on technology and man's alienation from nature.
664 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
Poet E.E. Cummings considered any force that threatened what is natural and instinctive to be an antagonist of life, an adversary that men must confront before they completely lost their ability to feel and respond as individuals. The paper shows that Cummings thought mankind obsessed with technological advances and flashy advertisements promising the American ideal that he renounced the natural condition by developing needs for unnecessary things. The paper examines Cummings' contempt for man's alienation from his true self in the poems "pity this busy monster, manunkind," and "when serpents bargain for the right to squirm," which scorn what organized society has proudly developed.
From the Paper
"Cummings further expressed his fear of the degradation of man's natural state three years later when he wrote "when serpents bargain for the right to squirm," an Elizabethan sonnet that satirizes society's blind adherence to decorum and regulation. Here, Cummings demotes man from being a monster, a word that at least implies animalistic qualities, to being an unnatural unanimal. When such legalese as bargaining, striking, and signing on the dotted line is applied to creatures and events of nature, the effects are preposterous, and yet society accepts such irreverent behavior in man, once a natural creature. Despite the child-like language and nonsense comparisons in the poem that add a touch of innocence to the poem, Cummings? message is clear: nature is being ?separated from its most essential qualities?, left to exist ?simultaneously with his horror of a society seriously awry? (Marks 60)."
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E. E. Cummings, 2002.
An analysis of the literary style of the author E. E. Cummings.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the form and function of E. E. Cummings's work in relation to his symbolic message, unique visual writing style, and suggestions on interpretations.
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E. E. Cummings' "Advice", 2007.
An analysis of the persuasive technique of E. E. Cummings' "A Poet's Advice to Students".
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how E. E. Cummings, in his essay "A Poet's Advice to Students", advises that the best way to write poetry is to be a poet, and how his most persuasive explanation of what it is to be a poet is his explanation itself. The paper looks at how the perpetual enactment of Cummings' own demonstration of 'pistis' utilizes complex rhetorical strategies, which are artfully veiled by simple words and appealing rhythm to make his 'feeling' accessible to the reader. The paper asserts that, while Cummings' words are characteristically his own, their seeming simplicity echoes Aristotle's observation that the most persuasive art is the appearance of artlessness.
From the Paper
"The title functions to both introduce the ethos, or character, of the speaker and establish the kairos, or occasion, of the text's reception. Ethos refers specifically to the character of the speaker as presented in the text, intended to establish the trustworthiness of the argument's presenter. Here, the title positions the speaker as a 'poet', who is therefore qualified to offer the instruction to follow. By prefacing the text as the 'advice' of an established poet to 'students', the title also serves to construct its own kairos by positioning the reader as one who may be educated by that which is explained. Thus, the title itself performs the rhetorical function of establishing the speaker's trustworthiness while simultaneously engendering receptiveness in the reader. "
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E-Commerce and E-Business, 2004.
A paper that deals with four pertinent topics in the form of questions and answers relating to e-commerce and e-business.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper answers four discussion questions concerning various electronic marketing concepts. First, the difference between e-commerce and e-business is discussed. Second, details are given as to why B2B has greater potential than B2C. Third, the concept of disintermediation is discussed and the type of business that could benefit most from this concept. Finally, reintermediation as a concept is discussed, along with the type of business could benefit most from this concept.
From the Paper
"When one thinks of thinks of the two terms ?commerce? and ?business?, little difference is found, and in many cases they are transposable when discussing business. However, there is a specific difference between e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce, which is short for electronic commerce, is in the simplest of terms business transacted electronically that involves money. The obvious example of e-commerce is selling products via the web, such as Amazon.com has been successful in doing."
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"The Policy-Making Process" by Charles E Lindblom, 2000.
A review of the work on policy-making as integral part of continuum of political activity.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
Charles E. Lindblom's The Policy Making Process (Prentice-Hall, 1980) is a seminal work in the policy planning canon, one in which a deceptively spare volume (126 pages) speaks to a wide range of heuristic issues that are germane to the field.
From the Paper
"A Review of Charles E. Lindblom's
The Policy-Making Process
1. Introduction
Charles E. Lindblom's The Policy Making Process (Prentice-Hall, 1980) is a seminal work in the policy planning canon, one in which a deceptively spare volume (126 pages) speaks to a wide range of heuristic issues that are germane to the field.
That the writing is also spare speaks to the practical wisdom accumulated by this Yale University Sterling Professor Emeritus of Economics and Political Science who in 1997 was awarded the "Dwight Waldo Award for outstanding contributions to the literature and leadership of public administration through an extended career" (APAR Awards, 1998, II).
Lindblom's book is "Issue oriented" in that it attempts to provide a..."
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E-Commerce and E-Business in the 21st Century, 2006.
A discussion regarding e-commerce, focusing specifically on Office Depot, Ford Motor Company and Amazon.com.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 194.95
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Abstract
This document discusses the underlying principles of e-commerce and e-business. It examines such e-commerce functionalities as customer relationship management applications as a way to illustrate how effective e-commerce and e-business principles can be across all industries. Additionally, the paper utilizes three radically different businesses to illustrate how e-business and e-commerce has elevated business performance measures: Office Depot, Ford Motor Company, and Amazon.com.
From the Paper
"Corporations the world over have utilized e-business or some aspect of electronic commerce (e-commerce) to either act as their sole business model or to enhance the productive performance in some way of their existing traditional business models. E-commerce might be considered as a type of business transaction where the parties to the transaction conduct their commerce electronically where electronically has come to be considered the Internet (Epstein, 2004). Yet, technically speaking e-commerce could just as well be considered to be transacted by phone, fax, or other electronic form of media. Such definitions evade the true essence of electronic commerce, which in practice has become one of those rare cases where changing needs and new technologies have come together to revolutionize the way in which business is conducted over an entirely new medium; commonly termed the Internet."
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?Common Sense? and Common Language, 2006.
An examination of the impact of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense," which pushed for America's independence from England.
1,833 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper details the main themes in Paine's renowned pamphlet "Common Sense", written and published in 1776. It discusses Paine's main goal, which was simply to convince the people of America that a revolution was needed, which would result in the establishment of an independent nation. Paine's publication was generally met with considerable interest by its audience and more than a little ill-humor by academics who considered his writing style to fall far short of the neoclassical ideal. It examines the main themes in "Common Sense" as well as the author's unique method of appealing directly to the highest sentiments of the most common people and the simplest convictions of the most literate. It also discusses the views of various critics who found and continue to find fault with the content and style of writing in Paine's work.
From the Paper
"The original publication of Thomas Paine's work was generally met with considerable interest by its audience, and more than a little ill-humor by academics who considered his writing style to fall far short of the neoclassical ideal. One contemporary said that his style was"so coarse, that you would think he meant to degrade the language as much as the government." Even a relatively sympathetic colonial magazine, The Monthly Review, recorded in 1791 that Paine was "desultory, uncouth, and inelegant. His wit is coarse, and sometimes disgraced by wretched puns, and his language, though energetic, is awkward, ungrammatical, and often debased by vulgar phraseology."
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