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E-Money, 2002.
This paper discusses the issues around the development of E-money (also called electronic money, digital money or digital cash), the economic base and monetary policy.
2,825 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper defines E-money as spendable balances represented by digits on a bank's balance sheet. The paper discusses that E-money can not become standard currency until the public understands the concept and feels comfortable in using the technology and until the emergence of cryptography, the ability to make the transactions secure and unbreakable. The author believes that financial markets will have to develop new internal regulations, banks will have to adjust their style of business and the federal government will have to rethink the status of its monetary policy to keep control of the monetary base.
Table of Content
Abstract
Why Did Money Develop?
New Advances in Payment Systems
Why the Advances to get rid of Fiat Currency?
What is E- Money?
E-money and Government Regulation
E-money and Government Taxation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the last thirty to forty years, major advances in payment systems and abilities have revolutionized the way most Americans and Europeans pay for goods and services. In the early 1950's, a new type of card emerged that enabled people to pay for goods and services without actually transferring any type of fiat currency or commodity, the Diners Club payment card. It was the first card that enabled individuals to pay for their lunch or dinner just by signing a piece of paper."
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E-Money, 2005.
This paper discusses the matter of E-money, looking at the article titled "The Global Economy: Financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries" by Bernd Kempa.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Bernd Kempa's article titled "The Global Economy: Financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries". The writer studies questions over what regulation should apply to e-money systems, particularly of small-scale transaction services). Various e-money application systems are examined in this article, including both card-based and network-based systems, Mondex and Geldkarte.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Bern Kempa's essay on "The Global Economy: financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries". Kempa's thesis is based on the assumption that the emergence of electronic money will impact destabilize money markets and weaken monetary policies. He suggests that e-money poses as a potential threat to central bank money and to the existence of money itself. Kempa discusses how e-money first came about, as a result from advancement in cryptography and smart card technology."
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Money Money Money, 2002.
A look at money's affect on the modern family.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines money and the family in terms of family studies. How earning and expenditure is distributed in the family, particularly with reference to gender is the key issue.
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E.L. Konigsburg's "From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler", 2003.
The following paper reflects on the story of a great adventure had by Claudia and Jamie which is both meant to entertain us and meant to teach us some of the important lessons in life, as the author weaves a number of themes carefully through the book.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the themes of the meaning of money and the meaning of worth as well as the very definition of what the central characters are doing. The way in which the two children come to understand the difference comes about through their finding the money in the fountain.
From the paper:
?Oscar Wilde asked, and then answered his own question: ?A man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.? This book is all about the difference between money, on the one hand, and value. Claudia takes Jamie with her because of all the people she knows he has the most money. And they become fascinated with solving the mystery of the angel because they think it will lead them to great riches.?
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Money: Its History and Use in the Modern World, 2000.
An analysis of the history of money, and an examination of the different notions and uses of money in the modern world.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 56.95
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From the Paper
"Money did not have a single origin but developed independently in many different parts of the world. Many factors contributed to its development and if evidence of what anthropologists have learned about primitive money is anything to go by economic factors were not the most important."
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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Systems, 2007.
This paper discusses the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) systems employed by Switzerland and the United Kingdom as compared to the U.S.A.
9,860 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, AU$ 291.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Financial Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) was formed by the G-7 nations as an intergovernmental task force to examine money laundering trends, techniques and past AML actions and to develop new, more effective measures for implementation into anti-money laundering (AML) systems. The author points out that, although Switzerland and the U.K. have developed intricate AML systems as describe in this paper, the U.S.'s enforcement oriented AML system is the international leader. The paper recommends that AML systems could be strengthened by investigating and prosecuting money laundering activity in connection with every criminal offense, which is often associated with money laundering, such as terrorism, corruption and tax evasion This paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Money Laundering
Trends in Money Laundering
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: International Standards
History of the Development of Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: The United Kingdom
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: Switzerland
The Future of Money Laundering and Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Switzerland vs. the U.K.: How Effective are Their AML Systems?
Appendix 1: Country Page - Switzerland, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 2: Country Page - the United Kingdom, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 3: FATF - The Forty Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to understand past trends in methods for money laundering in order to predict and prevent the development of future methods. This is gained through an in-depth understanding of the prevalence and evolution of money laundering methods and their current and emerging trends. The identification of trends ensures that money laundering methods are understood and that action is taken to comprehend other key factors involved, such as context. Through its typologies effort, the FATF emphasized the identification and description of money laundering trends both at the worldwide level and on a more systematic basis."
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Electronic Money, 2008.
This paper discusses electronic money in relation to the traditional banking methods, analyzing Berndt Kempa's article "Money in an Electronic World".
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that in his enlightening article regarding electronic money, "Money in an Electronic World", Bernd Kempa argues that electronic funds are not likely to replace traditional money any time soon but that the role of the central bank in determining a country's monetary policy may be affected. The writer points out that the Kempa voices these concerns in closing his research in which he successfully illustrates the development of electronic funds and cash. The writer discusses that companies such as eBay and Amazon.com have turned the retail industry upside down and these two companies alone handle billions of dollars annually in electronic funds across international markets without ever handling physical currencies. Yet, the writer maintains that central banks will continue to determine monetary policy because the simple fact is that none of these new economy institutions or the electronic funds that accompany new business models creates money themselves. The writer concludes that they only move currency values that have been created via traditional channels.
Outline:
Author Analysis
Developments in Electronic Money
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These observations are, while not being indicative of an impending catastrophe, somewhat alarming for economists who might be concerned with monetary policy at the national level. However, by raising such alarms, the author does not adequately support why he believes electronic funds might hold the potential to undermine such national economic and monetary policy when, in fact, all electronic funds originate first with the issuance of funds through traditional channels. No company that regularly operates in the financial markets, private or otherwise, has the ability to generate funds, whether electronic or otherwise, in any manner that supersedes the role or the oversight of the central banking systems."
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The History of Money, 2005.
This paper explores the history of money and defines the concept of money as it has played a role in cultures worldwide.
3,587 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper details how money as a tool was born and what significance it played in people's lives throughout the times. This paper also provides a definition of the concept and how it has evolved over time. The paragraphs below explain how the concept of money has provided a foundation for today's global culture. This paper explores how this concept has become misunderstood and intangible over time. By understanding the history of money, one can take with them a better grasp of how to handle the current economic environment. With hope, maybe this understanding can lead to change within the present economy.
Introduction
Definition of Money
Early Coins
Early Banking
Paper Money
American Monetary System
Intangible Money
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a common misconception among people that money means something or has value in our culture. In today's current economic environment and age of speed of light technologies that bring people closer together than ever before, it is difficult to imagine that money does not have any real value. It really depends on one's concept or definition of money. Right now in this day and age where the system is failing so many as the cost of living grows higher and the average wage stays the same, it is easy for one to become obsessed with the notion of money being valuable. A wise man once told me that money is a tool and how you chose to use will define your character. He also expanded this idea by elaborating money as a tool can make things happen, rather those things are good or bad is entirely put to the person handling the money. With this in mind, it is easy to see how wrapped up society has become in money and how it works. Now more than ever, money seems so fluid and intangible as it can take on many forms, not just paper but bursts of light over a telecommunications wire or the magnetic strip of a debt card. It is seems now more than ever as the relationship of supply and demand of money becomes twisted, people need a better understanding of how money came to be so important."
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"The E-book Physician", 2005.
This paper reviews Michael Gerber's "The E-book Physician", which applies his E-Myth small business theories to the practice of medicine.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Michael Gerber in "The E-book Physician", focusing on the business of being a physician, reveals a plan for the creation and development of a radical mind set for physicians, similar to other small businesses. The author points out that Gerber believes that, for the most part, physicians are being shackled by the tyranny of the system of unprofitable and unproductive routine-juggling of their numerous patients. The book explores relevant topics of a small business, such as money, efficient and effective office administration and the management of staff and patients in a manner that promotes "The E-book Physician".
From the Paper
"One physician, C Alan Henry, MD, testifies that after reading the book 'The e-Myth Physician', he was astounded at the various changes that had taken place in his business over the period of time after the reading. He also states that he had gained new insights into his personal life as well as his professional life, and found that the mere idea of having a 'Primary Aim', and a 'Strategic Objective', and inter connecting those ideas with whatever else he happened to be doing had achieved a "seismic shift in thinking" for him. This is because, whereas earlier he had been thinking of his work as being a separate entity from what he was doing with the other parts of his life, he now realized that both were completely interrelated, and whereas earlier he had been merely wringing money from his business, regardless of who was being affected by it, he now thinks and considers carefully his 'Intentions', and lives his life with more 'Attention'."
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Microsoft Money 2007, 2006.
This paper argues that Microsoft Money 2007 is not much more than a rehash of Money 2006.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Microsoft Money 2007's only competitor in this category of personal financial management software, Intuit's Quicken Premier, has many features offered in its latest version that differentiate it from its past versions; something that the programmers at Microsoft did not do. The author argues that Microsoft Money 2007 has many major bad qualities such as (1) the basic platform did not change dramatically from the previous version, (2) the user must log-in to Window's Live Mail, which presents a potential security problem, (3) another program will be needed to file the tax information generated on Money (4) it does not synchronize with any handheld devices, (5) the program can be painfully slow and (6) there are still glitches in the software. The paper suggests that the potential user download the trial version of this software and try it for his or herself.
Table of Contents
Microsoft Money Overview
Major Features Offered
Pros and Cons of Microsoft Money 2007
Reviews
From the Paper
"The good and bad features of using Microsoft Money 2007 are numerous and all of them could never be named in such a report as this. The first is a look at the good features of 2007. Adding accounts to Money is made very easily, especially if the account is already available online, such as a credit card or banking account. Money will also update the information on these sites when you login to the program. Money is laid out well with easy access to drop-down menus, backward and forward buttons, and features a plethora of information including links to the best available credit card or mortgage interest rates, among others."
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e-Health Doctor-Patient Relationship, 2008.
This paper discusses the matter of an e-health doctor-patient relationship, looking at related ethic issues.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that an e-health doctor-patient relationship is formed when communication begins. The writer maintains that online communication between doctors and patients can save time, money and be very satisfying to both parties if the process is structured well. The writer looks at issues, such as e-mail communication viewed as "treatment" and medicine practiced online by physicians who communicate via the Internet with patients. This paper discusses some ethical issues focusing on online communication and the doctor-patient relationship. The writer concludes that health care providers who provide specific or personal medical care or advice online must practice the principle of professionalism and should abide by their ethical codes of their profession just as they do for face-to-face interactions.
Outline:
Reasons Consumers/Providers use the Web for Medical Information
e-Health Ethics Organizations
Three Types of Web Sites
The Doctor Patient Relationship and e-Health
Conclusions
From the Paper
"A provider that responds to email may face ethical and legal obligation. When physicians provide telephone consultations payment does not seem to be a factor in a doctor-patient relationship, but payment of a fee for online education or advice may be seen as acceptance of a doctor-patient relationship
"An important issue for a physician to avoid is a patient claim of abandonment. There is a protocol that a physician must follow to successfully terminate the patient-doctor relationship. Abandonment is defined as the act of a physician terminating a relationship at an unreasonable time and without giving the patient the chance to find an equally qualified replacement."
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Money, 2002.
A discussion of the purpose money serves in today's economies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
Discusses purposes money serves in today's economies. Critical task of governments and central banks in controlling the money supply. Money as the common medium of exchange; the tangible way to hold assets. Monetary policy. Growth of "virtual" money (cashless transactions). Example of CyberCoast, a fictional Northwest nation with a cashless system.
From the Paper
"Controlling the money supply of a nation is a critical task that falls most often to governments and central banks. If there is too much money in circulation, inflation results; too little money, and the economy contracts. The goal is to strike a balance so that there is enough money to stimulate the economy, but not so much that the economy overheats. In the United States, money supply is controlled through fiscal (tax) policy and monetary policy. The government controls the fiscal policy, while the monetary policy is controlled indirectly by the government through the central bank in most modern economies.
Money serves several different purposes in today's economies. First and foremost, it is the common medium of..."
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Poor Management Planning at PG&E, 2008.
This paper explores the impact of poor management planning on the customers of Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E).
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E), in an innovative move, decided to base their customers' home electric bill on when they used their power rather than on just how much they consumed. The paper then discusses how the company failed to consider the impact of this new change on their residential customers who have a limited household income or who demonstrate an inability to make regular monthly payments. The paper concludes that PG&E will therefore not succeed in helping all of their customers to conserve energy and save money on their electric bills.
From the Paper
"It was considered to be an innovation of the future, but for many customers of Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) in Bakersfield, California, it has become a reality. Their home electric bill is now based on when they use their power, not just on how much power they consume. On July 20th, 2006, the California Public Utilities Commission approved an estimated $1.74 billion plan by PG&E to install the new SmartMeter(TM) that will benefit the state by improving the speed of power outage restoration, giving customers more options on how to save on their energy bills, and allow electricity usage to be tracked with far more precision than ever before (Pacific Gas & Electric Company [PG&E], 2006)."
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Money Supply Determination and the Monetary Base, 2000.
A comprehensive look at money supply determination and the monetary base and definitions of M1, M2, and M3, which are all measures of the U.S. money stock.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, AU$ 54.95
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From the Paper
"M1 includes currency ? coinage and bank notes. Coinage is a very small part of M1 ? about 2 - 3 %. It?s important to mention that coinage that is in a circulation in the U.S. now is a ?symbolic money?. It means that the real value of the coin (the value of material it is made of) is lower than the value marked on the coin. It was done to prevent the remelting of coins in order to sell them as a metal ingots. Bank notes are more important and take about 25% of M1. All the bank notes were issued by Federal Reserve bank with the permission of the U.S. Congress. You can see a Federal Reserve bank sign on every bank note. Demand deposits became widespread nowadays because it is safe and useful. If you need to pay a great sum of money you don?t have to take them all with you. All you need is draw a check. That?s much easier. The loss of check-book is not as tragical as the loss of equal sum of money. Nobody can use check if it is not endorsed. That?s why deposits became so popular. It might sounds strange that checkable deposits are part of M1, but it?s easy to explain. People use checks as a medium of circulation. Besides such deposits and checks can be turned into a cash money. M1 has the characteristic of being highly liquid, where liquidity is the term that describes the ease of converting an asset into money. "
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Money, 2004.
Analysis of Walrus's Law, which states that money is, by definition, an entity of usefulness, not of principle.
3,520 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several theories regarding the definition of money. The paper looks at Walrus's Law, the relationship between the definition of money and the gold standard for money, Keynes's and Marx's definition of money, and the Islamic view of money.
From the Paper
"But clearly, there are economic relationships. As interesting as it is to think that the Walrasian auctioneer is always on the dais orchestrating ?trades,? in fact, there is disequilibrium, for short or longer periods, in economic relationships (perhaps the auctioneer needed a coffee break) so there must, then, be a place to park the value waiting to be offered back and forth between the sellers and buyers?.and one must not forget, too, the added attraction of the financiers backing the sellers and buyers. In short, thinking that there might ever come a time when money was not needed to make economic relationships possible is about as sensible as thinking that John Maynard Keynes or Milton Friedman?or Daffy Duck?knew all there was to know about money and economic relationships. In fact, because money is simply a tangible representation of intangibles--and some would go so far as to say it is a construct for spiritual realities so that we mere mortals may better understand it--it is reasonable to assume that anything written about it is necessarily open to interpretation and revision, including, of course, the current discussion."
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Time Value of Money, 2005.
A discussion regarding time value of money, examining various investment opportunities.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of time value of money (TVM), a principle showing that money can earn interest, and that money received in the present is worth more than money (of the same amount) received in the future. The paper further discusses how money can grow through various investment vehicles such as banks, mutual funds and the stock market.
From the Paper
"Compound interest happens when your money grows along with the interest amounts that it accumulates over time. In the above example, suppose that you invested $100 for 2 years at 5%. After 1 year, the total amount would be $100 + $5 (5% of $100) = $105. After 2 years, however, it will earn $105 + $5.25 (5% of $105) = $110.25. The $5 interest amount you gained after 1 year has earned an additional $0.25 after the second year (Garrison 2006). It has been said that compound interest is the greatest wonder of the universe, as it makes money grow larger and larger over time."
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