| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DISCRIMINATION FEMALES SPORTS": |
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Females in Sports, 2000.
An examination of the influence of social norms on female participation in sports including self-image, public mores, compared to males, laws, social value of sports and socioeconomics.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 36 sources, AU$ 202.95
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Abstract
This research will examine the influence of social norms on the participation of females in athletic activity. The research will examine studies showing how strongly social expectations and socially determined sex roles limit participation of adolescent and adult females in physical activity, and then discuss ways in which cultural pressures are reflected in female-student behavior in elementary school physical-education classes and school-recess activities.
From the Paper
"Introduction
This research will examine the influence of social norms on the participation of females in athletic activity. The research will examine studies showing how strongly social expectations and socially determined sex roles limit participation of adolescent and adult females in physical activity, and then discuss ways in which cultural pressures are reflected in female-student behavior in elementary school physical-education classes and school-recess activities. Based on this research and on observations of behavior at an elementary school, this study will suggest possible changes in the physical education curriculum that can encourage activity for girls and help them connect it to positive social experience."
A 1997 government report on research into female
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Sports And Racial Discrimination, 2002.
Comparison of two books dealing with the subject of sports and racial discrimination.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This compares the two books "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, & a Dream" by H. G. Bissinger and "Hardball: A Season in the Projects" by Daniel Coyle. Both books deal with the subject of sports and racial discrimination.
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The Discrimination of Females in Sports, 2002.
A literature review on the problem of inequality in sports.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 212.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine a number of articles taken from contemporary journals that deal with forms of inequality. Two central areas will be examined. First, social inequality in terms of sports participation will be examined. What will be analyzed, and from a 'functionalist' paradigm, are those variables which contribute to the lack of participation in some sports from those individuals in the lower strata, and in turn, some of the general 'causes' of this situation. The second general area which will be examined, is 'inequality' in terms of media representation. Toward this end, the focus will be derived from critical theory in order to discern how it is that certain inequalities are perpetuated in culture, 'via' the media.
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Discrimination Against the Disabled in Sports, 2000.
An examination of the extent and evolution of legal protection of the disabled in amateur athletics, including eligibility, funding, age requirements, litigation, employment and some non-sports aspects.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 53 sources, AU$ 215.95
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From the Paper
"Discrimination Against Disabled People by Athletic Venues, High
School Athletic Conferences and the NCAA
This research paper examines the extent of legal protection presently afforded to disabled persons involved in high school and college athletics. The primary focus is upon amateur athletics but cases in the field of professional sports are mentioned where they provide relevant precedents for amateur athletics.
The legal protection afforded disabled persons generally and in sports has been considerably expanded during the past two decades, primarily as a result of the enactment of two federal statutes, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (RA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1993 (ADA). Through the interpretations made by the courts, primarily federal courts, as to the scope and..."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, AU$ 137.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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Female Students and University Sports, 2005.
A study on the factors that influence female students in university sports participation in the United States and Canada.
7,632 words (approx. 30.5 pages), 43 sources, APA, AU$ 264.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the many factors influencing female participation in sports, the benefits to women when they do participate in sports and the factors that discourage women from participating in athletic programs. The paper also examines Title IX's affect on women's participation in sports and looks at the latest trends in women's collegiate sports.
Introduction
Background
Title XI in Relation to Female Athletes in College Settings
Trends in Women's Collegiate Sports
Discouraging Factors
Encouraging Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers hypothesized that it is possible for a female athlete to be seen as both feminine and respected for her athletic roles because the issue of her femininity often is separated from the issue of her role as an athlete, thus allowing her to manage stereotypically incompatible identities without conflict (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001). To investigate these hypotheses athletes and nonathletes at a NCAA university were questioned about these issues by both questionnaire and interview."
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Sport Commissions and Amateur Sports.
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women?s flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
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Sociology , Sports and Race, 2002.
A discussion of gender bias and racial discrimination in sports.
1,983 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of gender and racial discrimination in sport both at college as well as professional level. It attempts to dispel the myths regarding women equality and meritocracy in sports, such that women earn through professional as well as college sports as much as their male counterparts. It examines the struggles involving women recognition in sports through the history of basketball which evolved in 1891 but only allowed women players in 1971 and the differences in women participation in college sports and professional sports. The paper also outlines the racial desegregation of college and professional sports, bringing out the similarities and the differences to that of gender bias.
From the Paper
"Though women face various challenges in the name of discrimination in sports oriented activities and career advancements, women in college sports face less resistance due to the fact that at college level, friendships and relationships are more sound and meaningful than at a professional level where shrewd politics dominate the sports scenario and extreme resistance is faced by women who are professional athletes. Moreover, in college sports, due to combined activities, women get more or less the same facilities and coaching aid that their male friends receive. Alternately, women athletes on a professional level are struggling hard to receive better or equal facilities than men athletes."
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Labor Market Discrimination, 2002.
This paper discusses various types of discrimination in the labor market, especially discrimination against women.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper defines discrimination as an insidious factor, which prevents one or more individuals from getting the same treatment, remuneration, and opportunities that others who belong to the same category, with the same qualifications, the same abilities and capabilities get from a business enterprise, whether private or government-owned. The author points out that, in corporate discussions, men have a tendency to interrupt women and to decide on the agenda more than women interrupt men or decide on discussion topics; women?s interruptions are seen as violations of norms of subservient behavior; whereas, men?s interruptions are encouraged. The paper relates that gender discrimination is illegal according to the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, which covers employers with 15 or more full-time or part-time employers and prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing and other conditions of employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Types of Discrimination in the Labor Market
Wage Discrimination
Occupational Discrimination
Human Capital Discrimination
Case Study: Discrimination Cases Against Wal-Mart
Gender Discrimination - Definition
How Gender Bias Influences the Wages of Women
Wage Disparity
Illegality of Pay Discrimination
Economic Disparities by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
Women?s Working Conditions
Glass Ceiling
Sexual harassment
Impact of Gender Discrimination ? Gender and Production Possibilities
Solutions:
Government Acts ? Civil Rights Acts Affirmative Action
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wal-Mart, the biggest supermarket in the United States has had its fair share of lawsuits involving racial discrimination, sexual harassment, age discrimination and other employment problems. The costliest is a class suit, which, if won by the accusers, could result in Wal-Mart paying hundreds of millions of dollars in damages to some 700,000 women workers. The women hope to be able to ?shatter the largest glass ceiling, at Wal-Mart,? dismantle procedures and practices and allow women workers better options at work."
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An Overview of American Sports, 2008.
An overview of the history and preferences within American sports of today.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of sports from the ancient Greek ideal of sports to American sports of today. It specifically discusses collective versus individual sports in America and the values of playing sports for fun compared to competitive sports. The paper also briefly looks at the general differences between male and female sports.
From the Paper
"The most popular spectator sports today are collective sports, much in line with the English ideal--baseball, basketball, and football. Even the much despised soccer is popular amongst American youths. Yet Americans cheer on their favorite individual stars in all of these sports, especially if the starts engage in charity efforts to justify their bloated salaries. The tension remains about what good sports do for both the individual or society, and Americans today are clearly using sports as a means of practical self-improvement like the Greeks as well as a means of collective identification like the English: "in the 1950's or 1960's, few people exercised; baseline fitness-consciousness was just above zero. Today, 20% of the U.S. population works out on a regular basis, while an additional 60%+ can be classified as...'Consciousness III'--those persuaded of physical fitness, but who by their own admission, don't get enough exercise. As behavior lags enlightened attitudes, 4 out of 5 adult Americans are true believers in exercise and fitness." But the protests remain that Americans are too busy to exercise, too busy working to do something as decadent as work on their bodies for either the individual or the collective good."
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Women In Sports, 2004.
A discussion on the discrimination against women in sport.
6,210 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 37 sources, APA, AU$ 215.95
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Abstract
This paper examines four essays on women in sports that focus on how social, economic, and political institutions often marginalize female athletes in U.S. society. It analyzes the historical view that women are inferior to men with regard to athletic prowess. It also includes discussions on political institutions including legislation, colleges and universities.
From the Paper
"A history of sport and women in sport in the United States illustrates how various social economic and political institutions impact the individuals who participate in sport. Historically women have often been viewed ..."
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Sports Stadiums and Arena Finance, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of sports facilities and sports teams on cities and states.
12,083 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 370.95
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Abstract
This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
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Discrimination in the Modern Workplace, 2001.
This paper takes a look at the issue of discrimination of employees in a workplace. It defines what discrimination is and examines different forms of discrimination.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper addresses this sensitive issue which has come to light more due to the globalization of many companies. The paper examines different forms of discrimination such as race, sex, national origin, religion, age and disability. It also looks at manners in which one can be discriminated against.
From the Paper
"With the 21st century workplace ahead of us and a country full of diversity surrounding us, the changing ethnic, racial, age, and gender composition of the workforce will become more evident in the years to come. This modern workplace will bring in a group of diverse employees to accompany tighter labor markets and changing worker demographics. These changes in the modern workplace will have important implications for employers across the country. ?High skills and knowledge are important to American firms competing in a global economy.? (Dresser, 1996) As always, the best measure of a employee or potential employee is skills and knowledge. But we all know that it doesn?t always work that way. And, while the U.S. workforce as a whole has a higher educational level than ever, some problems evolving in the modern workplace are clear; discrimination is part of the problem. All the greater knowledge and skills level the United States is welcoming is coming to employers in all new packages."
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Women and Sports, 2002.
A study of women gaining presence in American sports.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of women in sports, the changing trends and the struggle involved in accomplishing the desired place in athletics. It describes how the field of sports since 1970?s, has been the obtrusive battleground to fight for the equality of sex. he paper describes how women?s participation in sports has increased dramatically since the passage of Title IX.
Table of Contents:
Gender Discrimination and Women Sports Participation
Role of Title IX in Women?s Sports Participation
Increased Sports Opportunities for Women
Increase in Men?s Support for Women Sports
Practical Implications to Increase Women Participation in Sports
Getting Results Through Increasing Awareness
Removal of Myths
Augmenting Press Coverage
Getting Authorities Intervene and Take Adequate Actions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sports are another field where racial differences and gender biases are common. Women equality to play, to prove their abilities and to compete with men on the field is still a primary goal on the women rights association?s agenda, those organizations working to ameliorate the contemporary conditions of the womenfolk. However gone are the days when women were willing to conform to the roles of a domestic wife, an obedient daughter and a dutiful sister. Women of today are not only well educated but they are also aware of their rights as human beings. With the signing of the Title IX, women became adamant in accomplishing equality of sex in the field of sports, apart from other disciplines."
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Organized Crime in Sports, 2003.
Discusses illegal sports gambling in professional sports, horse racing, and college sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.
From the Paper
""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."
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