| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DEFINITION JUSTICE": |
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Definition of Justice, 2004.
Essay on the meaning of justice and how it can be achieved.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the social, economic, ethical and political concept, essence of justice, and all that it encompasses. The paper talks about the need for individuals to internalize and actualized justice in order for society to truly achieve it on all levels. Aristotle's definition and concept of justice are also discussed.
From the Paper
"The understanding and practice of ?justice? is central to the achievement of peace and happiness by the individual as well as society, as a whole. However, no amount of institutalization and administration of legal, political or civil systems, no matter how just or fair, can ever ensure the achievement of the same, without individual and collective commitment to the upholding of the concept of justice, in its fullest sense."
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Criminal Justice and Restorative Justice, 2008.
An examination of the literature related to restorative justice in the criminal justice system from the years 1996 to 2006.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the content of peer reviewed articles published within a ten-year period, from 1996 to 2006. It focuses on the criminal justice system and its experiences with restorative justice. The paper looks at the values that researchers have that drive investigation during any given period, as seen in the examined articles. The paper also identifies gaps and trends in research during the specified period.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose
Hypothesis
Strengths/Weaknesses
Methods
Data Collections
Results
Method
Variables - Independent and Dependent
Statistical Analysis/Means/Mode/Median
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Given the evidence provided from this study the researcher finds the following true. Hypothesis (1) - proven true, given restorative justices seems to be the more commonly used tool for rehabilitating criminals in the population specified. Other data collected from the content analysis however suggests hypotheses (2), suggesting less relapse is likely among participants engaged in this form of justice remains questionable. Further research is needed to establish or refute this hypothesis, given changing trends in criminal justice and criminal behaviors in the future. Overall, the researcher argues despite some comments to the contrary, restorative justice, which aims to involve victims in the rehabilitation process and encourages convicted criminals at a young age to rehabilitate and participate in their community, remains an effective form of justice."
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Justice Delayed, Justice Denied, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of Constance Curry's "Silver Rights" and Tim Tyson's "Blood Done Sign My Name".
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper compares Constance Curry's book "Silver Rights" to Tim Tyson's book "Blood Done Sign My Name". The paper relates that Curry's work is a tale about the ability of the human spirit to overcome and triumph negative forces of racism and mistrust, whereas Tyson's work, in contrast, is about how South Carolinian blacks, long socially and legally oppressed, eventually used street violence to ensure that the violence done unto them was punished.
From the Paper
"Silver Rights specifically grapples with the complicity of the state's legal system in African-American disenfranchisement. When Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted as part of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 it prohibited "discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance" and its implications for student education were profound ("Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2007, U.S. Department of Justice Website). In an attempt to circumvent the strictures of the federal law, the state government of Mississippi passed a "Freedom of Choice" law."
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Pursuing Criminal Justice, 2007.
A look at the definition of justice and how it has grown and changed, with a focus on changes since the introduction of drug courts and 9/11.
1,898 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the basic definition of justice is the administration of law and the quality of being just, impartial and fair. It looks at how some achievements in justice follow this definition such as the inception of drug courts, community corrections and even the death penalty. The paper also looks at the court changes as a result of 9/11, the Patriot Act and the challenges the courts in the U.S. will be facing over the next 10 years.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Justice
Promoting Justice
Successful Achievements in the Court System
Positive and Negative Changes in Post September 11th
Challenges Facing Courts within 10 Years
Handling the Challenges
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those who've committed heinous crimes usually do not show any remorse for the lives they've taken or remorse for the devastation they have caused others. If they are allowed to serve a lifetime of imprisonment, they receive three meals a day, exercise and some even get an education all on the taxpayer's dime. In essence, rather than the criminal being punished, it would seem the taxpayer is punished because of the cost of maintaining the prisoner. Thus, society still pays for the crime. Some, such as myself, regard the death penalty as a form of justice since the death penalty means that the victim's family does not ever have to worry about the individual being released to be able to commit more crimes in the future."
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Social Justice: Western Perspectives, 2009.
A look at how the definition of social justice has taken on a new dimension.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how recent developments in international relations have determined a new dimension of the definition of social justice. The paper relates that, nowadays, there is a tendency to consider social justice from a universal point of view while also taking into account the western perceptions on justice and society. The paper then discusses the factors that determine the differences in the notion of social justice at the international level and concludes that the precepts of social justice today in the international community are based on the liberal thoughts of the 18th century and are viable to this day.
From the Paper
"Recent developments in international relations have determined a new dimension of the definition of social justice. Nowadays there is a tendency to consider social justice from a universal point of view but taking into account the western perceptions on justice and the society. This is largely due to the fact that the West appears to have the full control of the international arena and at the same time to be able to export the norms and values which are determinant for their own societies. Even so, the cultural specificities cannot always be ignored and in many cases this can lead up to cultural clashes.
"Samuel Huntington pointed out in one of his most famous theories the danger of a clash of civilizations (1996). This would result from the different perceptions peoples around the world would have on the values that govern their societies. More precisely, Huntington underlines the fact that in the globalised world there are different understandings of notions such as freedom, justice, religion, rule of law, tolerance (Huntington, 1996). At the same time, given the fact that the West still continues to maintain the power in global affairs, it also tries to impose, at the international level, its own concepts on the issue of social justice."
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Restorative Justice, 2005.
A discussion regarding restorative justice and its definition.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of restorative justice, building a definition for it by noting some of the elements embodied in it, claims made by supporters, and ways in which different interested parties are involved. This paper also notes that restorative justice occurs when parties with a stake in the given offense come together as a group and decide how to deal with the aftermath of the offense and with its implications for the future.
From the Paper
"Restorative justice is a philosophy based on the idea of rehabilitation, but it includes the idea of restoration not only for the offender but for the victim and the community as well. More technical answers might include what Ashworth (2003) includes, namely that restorative justice occurs when parties with a stake in the given offense come together as a group and decide how to deal with the aftermath of the offense and with its implications for the future. He cites John Brathwaite to the effect that what is to be restored is whatever matters to the parties involved. Restorative justice promotes certain values, cited here as including "healing, moral learning, community participation and community caring, respectful dialogue, forgiveness, responsibility, apology, and making amends" (Ashworth, 2003, p. 164). "
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Socrates and the Concept of Justice, 2001.
This paper examines Socrates' philosophy and opinion on the concept of justice.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
Socrates' views are analyzed by studying a conversation between Socrates, Cephalus, his son Polemarchus and his followers. The author explains how Socrates enters into a philosophical dialogue with several different individuals who attempt to set down a firm definition of justice. Socrates then sets out to test and challenge their definitions?through his method of questioning and counter-examples?in an attempt to arrive at a more secure definition of justice, that which cannot be refuted.
From the Paper
"Cephalus first raises the idea of justice with Socrates and then passes the debate on to his son, Polemarchus, to carry forward. In line with his father?s arguments, Polemarchus develops the most basic definition of justice suggested in the Republic. He makes the claim that justice means simply to speak the truth and to give people their proper due; for example, old debts should be repaid. Justice also means treating people in accordance with their essential character. For example, Polemarchus concludes that if a certain individual is considered an enemy, that individual should meet with ?something harmful? (26); if another individual is considered a friend, that individual should be treated well."
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A Restorative Justice System, 2008.
This paper explores the need for a restorative justice system to take the place of the existing criminal justice system.
2,746 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why the public seems to have low levels of confidence and trust in the justice system and the extent to which community residents participate in justice initiatives. The paper examines the potential and the limits of restorative justice as a mechanism and discusses increasing community and citizen involvement in the justice process. The paper clearly shows the evidence that approaches to justice in our modern Western society are ineffective. The paper explains how the criminal justice system ignores the public's role in addressing crime, and thus alienates the community. The paper concludes that future approaches to justice should revolve around a restorative system as opposed to a criminal justice system.
Outline:
Introduction: The General Public and the Criminal Justice System
Why the Public Seems to Have Low Levels of Confidence and Trust
in the Justice System
The Extent to Which Community Residents Participate in Justice
Initiatives
The Potential and the Limits of Restorative Justice as a Mechanism
For Increasing Community and Citizens' Involvement in the Justice Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Evidence shows that public confidence and trust in the criminal justice system is low. In Canada, a recent survey revealed that most citizens were dissatisfied with the government's response to crime, even though they found no fault with the police themselves (p. 64). It appears to be the criminal justice system itself that dissatisfies the public. Canadian citizens are dissatisfied with the performance of the criminal court, the prison system, and, in particular, the parole system (ibid). The same findings tend to be replicated in studies of other Western countries, such as the U.S. and Europe (p. 65)."
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Restorative and Retributive Justice, 2004.
An analysis of the differences between restorative and retributive justice and their impact on the American justice system.
3,058 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how different theories of justice prevail at different times and how two of these can be termed restorative justice and retributive justice. It looks at how, stated simply, restorative justice emphasizes rehabilitation, while retributive justice emphasizes punishment. It attempts to show how the conflict between these two theories marks much of the history of American justice and continues to shape penal policies today.
Outline
Introduction
Punishment and Crime
Restorative Justice
Retributive Justice
Current Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Punishment in itself is a problem and has been since the beginning of human society. Some people today see punishment as a vestige of the human past that should have been left behind when human beings came out of caves and formed a social order. These people feel that today we should substitute measures that do not involve cruelty to our fellow man. Others believe in punishment as a retributive instrument and feel that punishment can be used against anyone who breaks the laws of God or Man. Packer (1968) writes: "I think both are wrong, although the danger of the moment is that we will overuse the criminal sanction, not that we will abandon it" (p. 3)."
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Conflict Theory in Criminal Justice, 2002.
Conflict theory based on Marxist assumptions and how this can be applied in criminal justice studies.
3,479 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
Conflict theory in criminal justice is based on the assumption that society is grounded in inherent conflict that cannot be resolved. This paper discusses how conflict theorists argue that those who hold power and wealth in a capitalist economy force the less-powerful to abide by their established rules with the purpose of protecting their own property and physical safety. It explains that the theory relies on a Marxist interpretation of the function of a capitalist society. It also shows how the theory argues for a broader definition of crime to include offenses and actions intended to maintain the ruling structure. This paper addresses how the theory and models of punishment based on the theory require an understanding of criminal justice that takes into consideration the social and political causes of crime, particularly models of treatment based on a concept of restorative justice.
Table of Contents
History and Definition of Conflict Theory
Human Nature
Social Order
Causal Logic of Conflict Theory
Conflict Theory and Criminal Justice Policy
Conflict Theory and Criminal Justice Practice
Evaluation
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Before the 1960s, most criminology research and theory was conducted under the rubric of structural-functionalism, which assumed the primacy of the social system and the inter-relationship of social institutions without much focus or consideration for the individuals or groups who made up the institutions. However, critics of these theories argued that by minimizing the social conflict and tension inherent within society, these theories supported a politically conservative agenda within sociology and criminology."
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Restorative Justice, 2008.
This paper researches the merits of restorative justice as opposed to traditional retributive justice.
1,303 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines whether the use of restorative justice offers useful alternatives to our traditional criminal justice system, particularly from the point of view of the victims. The paper explores the difficulties with the use of these methods, what might render these methods into workable solutions and finally, what specific changes in the present criminal justice system would be necessary. The paper concludes that restorative justice has much to offer the victim, the community and the offender.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Community and Restorative Justice
The Victim and Restorative Justice
Summary and Conclusion
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"The work of Mary P. Koss entitled: "Blame, Shame, and Community: Justice Responses to Violence Against Women" states that traditional retributive justice "aims for punishment of the guilty, whereas restorative justice is a new paradigm seeking victim-oriented criminal justice. Justice is adversarial when two sides of the case square off to uncover truth and affix responsibility by examining evidence through the questioning of witnesses." (2000) This is only one example of restorative justice as this type of alternative justice program is being explored and utilized throughout the court system however, this method of punishment is still fairly new in the criminal justice system."
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Justice in Drama, 2003.
Examines the conflict between human justice and justice of the gods in three works.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces an analysis of this theme in Sophocles's "Oedipus Rex", Euripides's "Hippolytus", and Shakespeare's "Hamlet". It examines characters who follow preordained paths.
From the Paper
"Justice in drama is generally divided into two sorts-human justice and the justice of the gods-and often the two are presented as being in conflict. This can be seen in different ways in the works of Sophocles, Euripides, and William Shakespeare."
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Justice in "Republic", 2002.
Examines the resemblance between justice in the individual and justice in the city in Plato's "Republic".
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
It is clear that for Plato the parallel between the individual and the city was much more than a simple question of resemblance or a useful illustration or metaphor for his text. Rather, as this paper will argue, making the association between the two allowed him to not only justify the rule of his ideal city by philosopher kings, but also to illustrate the social and political power dynamics of his ideal city.
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John Rawl and Justice for the Disabled, 2008.
An analysis of the extent to which John Rawl's political conception of justice is capable of addressing justice for the mentally disabled.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the concepts of Kant's Utilitarianism in contrast to John Rawl's political conception of justice. The paper demonstrates that, while in theory Rawl's concept of justice as fairness seems viable, it would be impossible to put his theory into practise. The paper therefore concludes that while Rawls' theory of justice is generally applicable, it does not sufficiently address justice for the mentally disabled.
From the Paper
"While reading John Rawl's work it is easy to mistake him for his predecessor in the field of social justice and morality; Emmanuelle Kant. Claims such as all citizens are free, equal and independent, and must therefore be treat with equal regard mirror Kant's claim that humanity is intrinsic in value. Furthermore Rawls claims that all citizens have a capacity for justice (Rawls, 1999) which is similar to Kant's assertion that human beings are rational beings, with the capacity to reason (Kant, 1998 [1781) and therefore the capacity to develop an understanding of what is just, moral and fair."
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Juvenile System vs. Adult Justice System, 2009.
A comparison of the goals and processes of the juvenile justice system versus the adult justice system in the US.
2,386 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the juvenile justice system with the adult justice system in America. It first discusses the purpose and goals of each system and the processes involved in each. It then looks at the court processes for each level of justice and the steps that are taken if an offender pleads guilty. In addition, the paper briefly looks at why the juvenile justice system appears to attempt to reform those in its system.
From the Paper
"Within the realm of a justice system is the basic social belief that society is responsible for rearing and raising children into peace-loving and useful adults (Steinberg 2001). Their family, friends, peers, the community, social workers, the justice system and everyone else in society each have a role to play in bringing them up to fit the image (Steinberg). Yet contemporary society, with a newly and recently evolved victim culture, has eagerly embraced therapy and a strong belief in the powers of social engineering (Stolba 2001). It finds the idea of certain individuals, especially children, as deliberately refusing to change as something simply distasteful. Many juvenile offenders are products of very unsettled times and turbulent environments. But it is the State's responsibility to save and reform them (Stolba). In that direction, it must first figure out how to categorize these offenders before it can appropriately deal with them in realizing its mission within the current system of justice."
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Vigilante Justice, 2005.
A paper on vigilante justice, one of the most controversial issues in today's criminal justice system.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author examines the topic of vigilante justice, defines and presents the history of the issue, looks at current examples of vigilante justice and shows how the courts have ruled on previous cases of vigilante justice.
From the Paper
"Although many people may be confused with the term "vigilante," I believe that after learning a little about the term they will be able to personally relate to the topic. According to a scholarly article found at http://faculty.ncwc.edu, the word vigilante goes back to Spanish origin and means "watchman or "guard." Usually when it is said that someone is taking part in vigilante activity, it means that they are taking the law into their own hands. After completing my research, I have found that this is probably the most commonly used definition when defining vigilante activity. I feel this is an incomplete definition that does not cover many other aspects of the concept. To add to this misrepresentation, most people who have an opinion of the topic are only able to warn of the consequences or dangers of vigilantism without understanding or explaining why it occurs. Out of all my criminology classes I have completed over the last two and a half years, I have only attended one which discussed the issue openly and appropriately. So it is easy to see why people have little knowledge of the issue when we as criminology majors rarely discuss the issue in detail."
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