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Near-Death Experiences, 2007.
A discussion on the validity of near-death experiences.
1,261 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of near-death experiences. Specifically, the paper discusses the reality of near-death experiences and whether they exist or not. The paper explores how stories about near-death experiences (NDE) have become almost commonplace in our modern culture. The paper further examines how many studies into this phenomenon have occurred and many of them explain near-death experiences as the body's reaction to tremendous stress. The paper discusses how there is much debate about whether they actually exist, concluding that whether they exist or not, to those experiencing NDEs, they are very real.
From the Paper
"The first real written study of near-death experiences occurred in 1926 by Englishman Sir William Barrett. He compiled many experiences he and his wife (both doctors) had seen with patients during their last moments of life. Two researchers note, "Barrett found that in their visions the dying see dead persons who have come to take them away to a heavenly abode. He also found that such visions often occur when the mind of the patient is clear and rational, and that they sometimes portray what the dying do not expect" (Osis & Haraldsson, 1997, p. 18)."
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The Science Behind the Near-Death Experience, 2000.
A look at the phenomenon of near-death experiences .(NDEs)
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
A look at the phenomenon of near-death experiences (NDEs) and how they are perceived by the scientific community, with arguments for and against scientific explanations of such occurences.
From the Paper
"The scientific aspects surrounding the near-death experience are more obscure than the popular accounts and non-substantial definitions of them. Researcher Charles T. Tart says that science can actually help to further our knowledge of the NDE if more people would attempt to embrace the application of scientific ideas in studying its occurrence. He says: "....many people react negatively to the idea of scientific investigation of NDEs, but genuine science can contribute a great deal to understanding NDEs and helping experiencers integrate their experiences with everyday life"(Tart, 1997). The factors surrounding the near-death experience have been researched by a number of scientists, and a number of facts, similarities, and correlations have been discovered surrounding this very difficult, largely undocumented phenomena. "
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Near-Death Experience, 2003.
An examination of the concept of the visions of life after death.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
The research aims to persuade skeptics of the validity of the near-death experience (NDE), both as a phenomenon distinct from out-of-body experience (OBE) and as a genuine vision of the afterlife. It discusses how skeptics refuse to accept NDEs due to the fact that they have difficulty in accepting the paranormal in the first place. Following the attempt to persuade skeptics that NDEs are a distinct phenomenon, unrelated to either dying brain hallucinations or OBEs, the research attempts to sway them towards the belief that NDEs are nothing short of visions of the afterlife and invaluable proof of life beyond death.
From the Paper
"In an era where moon landings and space exploration have become common activities, exploration into that which lies beyond death appear impossible. Muslims, Christians and Jews believe that they know the answer which is given to them in their holy books, and argue that the Day of Judgment lies beyond death, followed by an eternity in Heaven or Hell. Atheists argue that death is final and that nothing lies beyond it. Hindus and Buddhists believe in a never-ending circle of reincarnation, whereby death is perceived as the first step towards rebirth in a different form. Whatever the answer that people may have, and the degree of conviction that they hold in their specific theory to what lies beyond death, the fact remains that we simply do not have the answer. Certainly, the Bible, the Torah and the Koran do inform us to some degree of the nature of life beyond death but these accounts are open to interpretation as none can claim to truly and fully comprehend the word of God. Therefore, even those of us who believe in life after death and the Day of Judgment, have countless questions such as whether or not we are conscious in death, or if we feel fear, meet dead relatives and enter into this different zone, or even if we are aware of the living. Basically, there are opinions rather than clear-cut answers to these questions as, despite the great strides that mankind has made in scientific and technological development, and their success in answering many of the mysteries of life, science and technology have utterly failed in providing clear evidence of what lies beyond death."
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The Experience of Death, 1971.
This paper discusses the experience of death in a specialized, modernized society and its consequences for children. The paper stresses the need for open discussions with children about dying.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 93.95
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From the Paper
"The experience of death today is different from that of any other period in history. This difference is due to the modernization of society and the consequential emergence of many individual highly specialized units which attend to one particular function of society. In non-modern societies every aspect of the culture is incorporated into every activity. The total community takes part in every necessary function, including death, of the individual.
For instance, in a non-modern society, education is merely one function of the family and community, but in a modern society, it is the only function of an institution termed the educational system or school. Similarly, in a non-modern society, death is attended to by the family at home, involving the total community, but in a modern society, it is attended to ... "
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"Death of a Salesman" - Death of a Dream, 2002.
An analysis of Arthur Miller's play "Death of a Salesman".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. The author of this paper takes the reader through a discussion about the play, the characters, the messages and the meanings. In addition the author discusses the use of structure sound and sense in the play.
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Life and Death: Abortion and the Death Penalty, 2005.
Explains why there is no contradiction in simultaneously viewing abortion as permissible in the early stages of pregnancy but the death penalty as impermissible.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why a woman's views that abortion in the early stages of pregnancy is permissible but that the death penalty is never permissible are congruent and consistent from a moral and ethical standpoint.
From the Paper
"Though Abby rejects the application of the death penalty in all instances she does advocate the permissibility of abortion in the early stages. Despite the seeming contradiction of ethics or morals in these views, Abby's views on abortion and the death penalty are more congruent than they might initially appear. This is because abortion is part of a woman's overall reproductive rights guaranteed by law while the death penalty is often applied in a biased manner and represents state-sanctioned homicide..."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
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Life After Death: Fact or Fiction, 2006.
This paper examines the age-old question: Is there life after death?
4,001 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that while it's impossible to prove whether life after death in fact exists, one must be willing to consider the speculative information that's available. This paper explores the scientific, religious and spiritual aspects as to what occurs after death. The writer examines reported cases of near-death experiences, as well as reincarnation, in which individuals remember previous lives. The majority of reported incidents regarding reincarnation have occurred in children in South Asia, where Hindu and Buddhist thought popularizes the concept of reincarnation. This paper also discusses the issue of the "light" which many claim to have seen immediately following a near-death experience. This paper examines expert scientific research which supplies reasonable explanations into near-death experiences. This paper also details the various types of out of body experiences which include: Seeing a dark tunnel, feelings of peace and quiet as well as meeting others who have previously passed away.
From the Paper
"Although psychics, parapsychologists and others have long known about the out-of-body experience, frequently called "separation",1 the greater scientific community has not accepted it as a normal phenomenon occurring under even bizarre conditions, nor is the average person generally familiar with it. However, it seems to be the key to unraveling the mystery about what happens after death. In other words, if we can prove that some aspect of the self, soul, or consciousness can leave the body under certain circumstances, the question arises: where does it go if not into the next dimension - notably the spirit world. A separation is completely unlike daydreaming, dreaming, or sleep. It is also unlike hallucinating, undergoing a trance, or the hypnotic state."
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"The Death of Ivan Ilych", 2002.
A discussion of the theme of death in "The Death of Ivan Ilych" by Leo Tolstoy.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the experience of one's own death represents a major theme developed by Leo Tolstoy in "The Death of Ivan Ilych". It looks at how this theme begins its unfolding even in the opening to the story as Ivan's obituary in the local "Gazette" is shared amongst some of his old friend and colleagues. It examines how although the other characters are used throughout the story, "The Death of Ivan Ilych" is largely a tale of the individual's experience with his/her death.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, Tolstoy's story is one that demonstrates to humans how each of us can gain some control over that which seems beyond our control. As suggested by Kamm (2003), from a philosophical perspective, the experiences of Ivan as he confronts his death teaches us that we can have some control over our deaths, including the process of dying and what death it self signifies (i.e., the end of our mortal selves and existence), by how we choose to live it. As Tolstoy unravels Ivan's ongoing groping with his own mortality, the reader is faced with the challenge of considering his/her own life and the manner in which he/she presently has lived and continues to live in order to avoid finding himself/herself in the same situation as Ivan - dying with the knowledge that life has not been well lived."
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'The Death of Ivan Ilych', 2007.
This paper discusses the foreshadowing and interconnectedness of both physical and spiritual death demonstrated in Lev Tolstoy's short story, "The Death of Ivan Ilych".
1,204 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines that within Lev Tolstoy's short story "The Death of Ivan Ilych", the title character, a materialistic and shallow member of the 19th century Russian bourgeoisie named Ivan Ilych, actually experiences two separate deaths: a physical death and a spiritual death. In this essay, the writer discusses the process of Ivan Ilych's spiritual death and rebirth within the story. The writer looks at the way in which Tolstoy foreshadows both Ivan's death and spiritual rebirth throughout the story. Further, the writer discusses ways that these two deaths that Ivan Ilych experiences are interconnected.
From the Paper
"This is the first foreshadowing Tolstoy provides the reader of Ivan Ilych's later death from complications due to this injury.
Undaunted for now, however, Ivan soon begins his new job, and a day to day existence that is comfortable but middling, unremarkable, and in fact quite bereft on any meaningfulness, emotional engagement, of deep (or even varied) feelings. In fact, as Tolstoy implies, Ivan's job and life are a sort of living death."
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The Neonatal Experience, 2004.
A research paper on the relationship between Martin Heidegger's philosophy, technology, and the neonatal experience.
8,521 words (approx. 34.1 pages), 108 sources, MLA, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger deals with, amongst others, some of the crucial issues of modern times; namely, technology, science, and mortality. In particular, it looks at how the neonatal experience takes place within the ambit of a technological environment and is concerned with factors that are related to the issues that such a technological environment creates in terms of a Heideggerian phenomenology. Through a literature review, it attempts review studies of the neonatal experience as it directly relates to Heideggerian phenomenology.
Outline
Introduction
Existentialism and Phenomenology in Relation to the Neonatal Experience
Heidegger: Essential Background
Science and the Neonatal Experience
The Problematics of Death
Neonatal Experience
Ethics and Morality
From the Paper
"It should be borne in mind that phenomenology is defined as a mode of thought or philosophy that dissects and focuses on the meaning that exists prior to or behind events and views these events as life experiences. As such, it is more concerned with thought and feeling as components of living experience than with strict theoretical frameworks and preconceptions. This definition of phenomenology fits in very well with the Heideggerian view of contemporary thought, which he considers to have been "enframed" into a certain mode of thought by the history of metaphysics. Heidegger's particular phenomenological viewpoint is extremely appropriate to the investigation and analysis of the neonatal experience."
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An Argument on Whether it is Possible to Survive Death, 2000.
Approaching the subject of death with a definition of what death is and assuming that identity is necessary to survive death, this essay demonstrates that survival of death is impossible.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Throughout history, one of the most pondered questions is 'what is the meaning of life?' Some religions use the notion of an afterlife as a means to obtaining some higher meaning of life. Whether or not this afterlife exists has also been a topic of debate and ponderance for centuries. Some have believed that religion is the opiate of the masses, 'created' solely to keep hope that the post-mortem experience is more fulfilling than earthly existence. It is generally regarded that in order to survive death one must remain them self, in other words, they must retain their identity. But what dictates your identity? Is it your soul? Is it your psychology? Could it be the continued existence of your body? All three of these accounts of identity are popular and offer different explanations for the continuation of self after death. "
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Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, 2004.
This paper discusses the Oregon's Death with Dignity Act and asks if physician-assisted death is death with dignity or assisting in a crime.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the only successful legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the U.S.A., the Oregon law called the Death with Dignity Act, passed in 1994 by a voter referendum and hung up in court for three years before another voter referendum to repeal the law was defeated in November 1997, and it became legal. The author explains that personal experiences with dying family members led her to believe that terminally-ill patients should have the right to die as they wish, and physicians should have an important role in that decision. The paper relates that the public's support for assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide has increased over the past 50 years; today 72% of the population supports this issue.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of the Law
Supporting Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law also requires the prescribing physician to report all requests for medication to the Oregon Department of Human Services. In addition, in 1999, the Oregon Legislature added a requirement that pharmacists must be informed of the prescribed medication's ultimate use. Physicians and patients that follow the above requirements are protected from criminal prosecution under the law. In addition, choosing physician-assisted suicide will not affect the status of a patient's health or life insurance policies. There is no obligation for physicians and health care systems to participate in the law."
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Views on Death: Religion and Society, 2008.
This paper analyzes the social context of death in "Death: The Final Stages of Growth" by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Kubler-Ross' work "Death: The Final Stages of Growth" and her premise that denial of death is the central paradigm that creates the conflict between science and religion. The paper discusses how Kubler-Ross uses religious explanations of death to help unify her theory that more social and faith-based initiatives can help a death-denying society accept death as part of life.
From the Paper
"Kubler-Ross's analysis relies on varying different social backgrounds that define death through a religious perspective. In many cases, accounts from different religious organizations and belief systems are used to bring death to the forefront of American society and its denial of death. Kubler-Ross's background in the medical profession often elucidates this problem through the institutions of doctor, family, and social denial of death in her own experiences."
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Element of Death, 2004.
An examination of the element of death in "The Death of Ivan Ilych" by Leo Tolstoy and "The Metamorphosis" by Frans Kafka.
1,958 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
Facing death is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks an individual can ever do. This paper shows how Ivan Ilych and Gregor Samsa both experience radical transformations in their lives that ultimately bring them to their deaths. Similarities between these two men and their circumstances include regret for living inadequate lives and the fact that their deaths lead them to a spiritual awakening. It explains that, while both stories emphasize personal revelation, they also focus on the lifestyles of these men as being major contributors to their deaths. This paper examines the cause of and the resulting revelation of death (and life) for Ivan Ilych and Gregor Samsa.
From the Paper
"This thought plaques his entire being and Ivan cannot escape the idea that everything he pursued while he was living was not the "real thing" (1412). He even tries to defend himself and his actions but realizes that "there was nothing to defend" (1413). Thinking of his family only makes matters worse for Ivan because when he looks at them, he sees himself and "all that for which he lived" (1413). He also realizes that that what he believed all of his life was a "terrible and huge deception which had hidden both life and death" (1413). It is interesting to note how Ivan cannot stop asking the question, "What is the right thing?" (1414). We are told that this revelation increased Ivan's suffering tenfold."
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"On Death and Dying", 2004.
Records first hand experience with the stages outlined in Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's "On Death and Dying".
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an account of the author's personal experience of watching a loved one die from cancer and how the victim of the cancer, as well as her loved ones, experienced the stages as outlined in Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's book, "On Death and Dying".
From the Paper
"Josianne was diagnosed with uterine cancer a year and a half ago, prompting a hysterectomy and subsequent radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Because the success rates for treatment of her particular cancer seemed relatively high, her friends and loved ones remained hopeful that Josianne, too, would be among the nearly 75% who survived the ordeal. Josianne, a lawyer in her late forties, was the most optimistic and didn't for a second feel that death was near. However, once her tract of radiation and chemo was over, doctors administered a series of tests, which revealed that the cancer had somehow spread into her lymph glands. The spread spelled almost certain death; once the cancer made its way into the lymphatic system, little could be done to halt its progress. We all watched on as tumors showed up in Josianne's cat scans, appearing in her lungs and colon and forcing her to have a colostomy and continual blood transfusions. Until that point, Josianne and her husband kept their hopes high that somehow she would overcome the illness and experience a spontaneous remission. However, her body began to deteriorate rapidly after a certain point; she could no longer eat and her kidneys began to fail."
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