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Clash of Civilizations in Kosovo, 2001.
This paper examines the recent conflict in Kosovo.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Samuel P. Huntington?s clash of civilizations thesis in relation to the recent conflict in Kosovo. The paper concludes that all of the major players in the recent conflict in Kosovo performed as predicted by Huntington?s thesis. The author discusses how the primary combatants, Serbs and Kosovars represent a fault line conflict between two civilizations, and both drew in support from kin-countries and how Russia came to the defense of Serbia, although only diplomatically as the situation permitted.
From the Paper
"Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has become one of the premier institutions of the Western civilization. The recent entrance of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic into the alliance had little-to-no strategic or military importance, but symbolized the re-joining of these states with the West. NATO?s main role is changing from that of a military alliance to a club of Western market democracies. Countries like Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and the Baltics seek membership to this club because they want to be recognized as a part of the West. NATO has become the dominant symbol of Western power, and thus exclusively the West carried out the air war over Kosovo."
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The Current Situation in Kosovo: European Union Involvement, 2005.
Provides a discussion of the current situation in Kosovo, regarding the political, social, economic and human rights issues in the area, as well as the European Union and United Nations' policies and actions to address these issues.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
The political fate of Kosovo is still unclear. Since June 1999 Kosovo is under the supervision of the international community. The Serbian state refuses to grant independence to Kosovo while the ethnic Albanians in the area are either pro-independence or pro-union with Albania oriented. This paper aims at estimating the current political and economic situation in this region and at evaluating the EU involvement in Kosovo as a stabilization tool and trigger of reforms.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Political Situation in Kosovo
Human Rights Issues and Social Situation
What was the EU Financial Assistance to Foster these Ongoing Changes in Kosovo?
Overview of Economic Stability
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"There are still a lot of legislative gaps in Kosovo's Civil Servant Law, such as the lack of a unified salary system. The maximum period of an employment contract, according to its regulations is three years, without any specifications for further extension(Stabilization and Association Report, p.54). A trend towards politicization of the civil servants can be observed. Structures such as the Independent Oversight Board and the joint UNMIK-PISG Steering Board on Public Administration were established to act against and prevent such kinds of corruption".
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International Intervention into Kosovo, 2008.
An analysis of the legitimacy of the international intervention into the Kosovo crisis.
2,181 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not international intervention into the Kosovo crisis was necessary. It specifically discusses how the prevailing philosophy of international law is applied to the case. The paper begins by describing the background of the situation in Kosovo. It then focuses on the United Nations' and NATO's charters. Finally, the paper analyzes the situation in Kosovo through the applicable international law in order to reach a conclusion as to whether or not the international intervention was legitimate.
Table of Contents:
The Kosovo Quagmire
The Philosophy of International Law
International Law and Kosovo Intervention
From the Paper
"Today, the United Nation backed talks have made some progress on technical matters, although ultimate resolution remains a distant hope. Both parties continue to be opposed to the question of Kosovo's status itself. Even this year, an international draft resolution for independence for Kosovo has been rewritten at least four times. The main reason for this is that Russia, a member of the United Nations Security Council, has raised the issue that creating a sovereign Kosovo goes against international law principles of state sovereignty. On the other hand, the United Nations Security Council fears that if Kosovo Albanian's demand for independence is not granted, escalated violence will occur and thus international peace and security will be threatened. In other words, the ongoing question of international law and legitimacy continues to work its way out."
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A Clash of Cultures, 2006.
This paper compares works about clashing cultures and resenting minorities.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts three stories, "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara, "The Man to Send Rain Clouds" by Leslie Marmon Silko and "El Tonto del Barrio" by Jose Armas, all covering some aspect of a clash of cultures and the way this clash affects the minorities who are involved. The paper shows how all the characters are from some minority group; black children, Native Americans and Hispanics of a small town.
From the Paper
"The three stories under discussion -- "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara, "The Man to Send Rain Clouds" by Leslie Marmon Silko and "El Tonto del Barrio" by Jose Armas -- all present a clash of cultures, with the majority culture downgrading the minority culture, with minority characters who resent the dismissal of their culture superior white attitudes and with a lingering resentment created in these minority characters, a resentment that may last a lifetime. This is quite evident in the story by Toni Cade Bambara, which presents a class on a field trip. The students are black children in New York City, being transported from their ghetto neighborhood downtown to the shopping district well-known to more affluent whites. The story involves a journey through unfamiliar territory, with relatively naive characters who learn a lesson from their journey, a lesson that opens their eyes to some aspect of life."
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NATO's War to Save Kosovo, 2005.
A look at NATO's involvement in the Kosovo conflict.
2,045 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by introducing the functions of NATO and then discusses whether the Kosovo conflict was waged as effectively as it could have been. The paper then examines the reason the war was started, the way the war was planned and carried out, the thought that went into the attacks against Serbia. It looks at NATO's involvement in how it eventually ended and what the results were for both ethnic Albanians and Serbs.
Outline
Introduction to NATO
About the Kosovo Conflict: Was it Waged Effectively?
How the Seeds of the Kosovo War were Planted
The Allies and NATO Work Towards Defeating Milosevic
The Strategy used by NATO and the West to fight the Kosovo War
References
From the Paper
"The history of ethnic and political strife in the Balkan region defined as Albania-Greece-Macedonia-Yugoslavia-Kosovo is not a straight forward series of events to be able to discuss in a few minutes' conversation, but the reason for the war NATO waged against Serbia can be explained by following the actions of Serbian strong man, Slobodan Milosevic. Milosevic, whose regime, according to the authors in Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo, tried to rid Kosovo of ethnic Albanians, "created the largest forced exodus on the European continent since World War II" (6). The forced exodus of large numbers of ethnic Albanians was nothing new to this group, as the author points out (7), as Serbs lost control over Kosovo during World War I, and the nations of Serbia and Kosovo were combined to create Yugoslavia and tensions continued among Serbs, who hoped to regain control."
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The Kosovo Conflict, 2004.
Examines the Kosovo conflict and how the United States is and has been involved.
6,860 words (approx. 27.4 pages), 24 sources, MLA, AU$ 250.95
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Abstract
This essay concentrates on the U.S. involvement in the Kosovo crisis, especially in the aftermath. The focus lies in the new elections, the position of Congress and the President, and the situation between the U.S. and the European Union and NATO in this matter.
1. Introduction
2. Brief Summary of Events
3. Current Developments
4. Momentary Situation in Kosovo
a. Local Elections
b. Problems overshadowing the Elections
5. The Issue of Kosovo's Final Status
6. The International Administrations
a. UNMIK
b. KFOR
7. Institution-building
8. The Economy
9. The Policy of the United States
a. The Administration
b. The United States Congress
10. Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The Kosovo Conflict has been an issue for the International Community for more than five years. The European Union, the United Nations and the United States have worked hard together to end the conflict, manage the aftermath and establish a new functioning and democratic government with a stable infrastructure. This has been a very difficult task, since the United States felt that Europe did not put enough effort into the reconstruction of Kosovo and 'wrong calls' have been made . This research paper will not deal with the issue of equal distribution of efforts between Europe and the United States, rather will it examine the developments since the end of the conflict and the United States involvement. The main question here is whether Kosovo should become an independent country or have some form of autonomy within Serbia. Further will be examined, if the efforts are successful and whether or not the United States should pursue these efforts. This will occur through an evaluation of the current development and the momentary situation in Kosovo, such as elections and the establishment of government branches. Also, a look will be taken at KFOR and UNMIK operations and their susses on the infrastructure and the economy. Last, but not least, will the policy of the United States be examined, more precisely of the Administrations and Congress. This examination of events will demonstrate the involvement of the United States and its effects. 2. Brief Summary of Events The Kosovo Conflict shocked the whole word. Pictures of violence, genocide and ethnic atrocities circled the globe. Between the years 1998 and 1999, the United States and its NATO allies attempted to put an end to escalating violence between ethnic Albanians guerrillas and Yugoslav / Serb forces in Yugoslavia's Kosovo Region. This resulted in a 78-day NATO bombing campaign against Serbia from March to June of 1999. Nevertheless with success, Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic withdrew his forces from the province in June of 1999. Since that time, the Kosovo has been governed by a U.N. Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), under the terms of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244 . A NATO-lead peacekeeping force, KFOR, is charged with providing a secure environment. The purpose of the U.N. resolution is to consider Kosovo's final status at an undetermined time after an autonomous government is in place. It seems that almost all ethnic Albanians want independence for Kosovo; nevertheless, the Serb community want it to remain within Serbia. In late 2003, the international community agreed to review progress in Kosovo and consider next steps in determining Kosovo's future status by mid 2005. In May of 2001, UNMIK issued a 'Constitutional Framework' for Kosovo. This framework provides for an elected legislature and an autonomous government with limited powers, but does not deal with Kosovo's final status. Elections for the Kosovo assembly were held on November 17, 2001. About half of eligible Serb voters participated in the election, after being urged to do so by the Yugoslav and Serbian governments. Political wrangling delayed the formation of a government for months, but one was finally approved by the parliament in March 2002. It consists of members of the three leading ethnic Albanian parties, as well as a Serb minister and one from the Serb minority. In 2003, UNMIK completed the process of transferring designated powers to the Kosovo provisional government. The current Bush Administration stated that they support autonomy for Kosovo within Serbia or the Serb-Montenegro union, but do not think independence is a good idea. President Bush has stated that, while the United States is looking to reduce its forces in the Balkans, the United States would only do so in conjunction with its NATO allies. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, Administration officials said that U.S. forces in the Balkans could be withdrawn if they were needed for the war on terrorism. The war in Iraq has also stretched the U.S. military's deployment capabilities. The United States has not unilaterally withdrawn its troops, but cuts in KFOR troops strength in the past year have halved U.S. troops levels from about 5,500 to about 2,000 today. In 1999, The United States Congress neither explicitly approved not blocked U.S. participation in NATO air strikes against Serbia, but appropriated funds for the air campaign and the U.S. peacekeeping deployment in Kosovo. In 2000, several Members unsuccessfully attempted to condition the U.S: military deployment in Kosovo on congressional approval and on the implementation of aid pledges made by European countries. Since 1999, Congress has provided funding for reconstruction in Kosovo, but limited U.S. aid to 15% of the total amount pledged by all countries. In 2003 several resolutions were introduced that supported independence for Kosovo."
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NATO Intervention in Kosovo, 2006.
A paper examining the reasons and validity of U.S. and NATO intervention in Kosovo.
11,100 words (approx. 44.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 351.95
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Abstract
In an effort to determine whether or not the United States led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was correct in their intervention in Kosovo, along humanitarian lines, this paper presents information on the history, background and religions of the region and the crisis. The paper also considers the implications concerning state sovereignty that arise from the intervention, as well as NATO's background and purpose regarding questions of international law.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Historical Context of Kosovo
The World War II Period and Beyond
What Sort of War is it?
The Clinton Doctrine
The Motivations of U.S. Led NATO Forces
The Conduct of the War and World Involvement
Other Important Points Concerning U.S. and NATO
External Self-Determination and International Community
The Formation of New States
The Reasoning for the Action as it Unfolds
Some of the Consequences
International Law from the Interventionist Viewpoint
The Interventionist's Critical Question of Genocide
The Demonizing of Milosevic
The Story from the Yugoslav Point of View
Conclusions Then and Now
From the Paper
"The Serbs however finally liberated Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, and as expected, reprisals and the expulsion of the Albanian settlers who had been previously patronized by the Ottomans accompanied this liberation. Indeed, the ethnic cleansing, murders and other atrocities were actually far worse in this period than in the present although few outside the region knew of them. Moreover, few really concerned themselves with the problems until the First World War that actually originated in the Balkan region."
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Huntington's Clash of Civilizations, 2006.
A review of "The Clash of Civilizations and the Making of the World Order" by Samuel Huntington.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in "The Clash of Civilizations and the Making of the World Order", Harvard political scientist Samuel Huntington argues that the modern world should be viewed not as bipolar, or as a collection of nation-states, but as a set of seven or eight cultural civilizations. The paper further discusses how, according to Huntington, these cultural entities are distinct and large enough to be called civilizations, and are fated to interact in terms of their respective civilizational identities, which may lead to a clash of civilizations.
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War in Kosovo, 2006.
An examination of the economic impacts of the war in Kosovo.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the background to the war in Kosovo and discusses the impact that an extended conflict could have on the economy. The paper looks at what NATO's bombing will do the the stability of the area and how Russia's involvement with and sympathy for Kosovo could balance things out.
From the Paper
"According to an article in The Economist, Russian Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov abandoned his money-seeking trip to the United States in mid-flight upon hearing that NATO bombing of Kosovo had begun. The Prime Minister's original goal had been to request money from the IMF as "Russia owes 17.5 billion in debt payment this year..."1 The country's previous default caused a drop in the bond markets. Investors fear that any more defaults could cause a chain reaction and completely destroy the markets.2"
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?The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel Huntington, 2002.
This paper reviews the article ?The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel Huntington that argues that conflicts in the future will occur between the different civilizations.
2,955 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the article ?The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel Huntington based on the idea of cultures and to which civilization a particular culture belongs. This paper looks at civilization itself as the cause of conflicts because of differing values. The author says that the clash of civilizations will dominate global conflict, pitting Non-Western states against Western culture.
From the Paper
"A civilization is the highest level to which one can group people (24). During the cold war, civilizations were classified as being in the first, second or third worlds. Now, each state is different in terms of its culture and to which civilization it belongs (23). Huntington says, ?a civilization is a cultural entity. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity? (23-24). Civilizations also have sub civilizations."
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"The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order", 2002.
Argues against the thesis by the political scientist at Harvard, Samuel Huntington, and his book "The Clash of Civilizations".
931 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
Analytical essay which discusses and argues against the argument, by Samuel Huntington in "Clash of Civilizations", that a root cause of the conflicts between nations is differences in religious convictions. The essay also attempts to present the reasons why "Clash of Civilizations" received such severe rebuke by highlighting the loopholes in the author?s reasoning.
From the Paper
"The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order is the masterpiece by Samuel Huntington which is based on the author?s view that the clash of distinct cultures and civilizations world over is the potential root cause of the reinvigorated conflicts between nations differing in religious convictions. Huntington considers this clash of religious faith to be the bane of the global peace thereby imposing augmented threat of tumult. The same is the author?s thesis, which raises thought provoking questions as well as arguments the role of the world superpowers and challenges the foreign policy makers of particularly the West (Huntington)."
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Clash of Civilizations, 2006.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the current clash of civilizations between the West and Islam.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
Many have argued that the War on Terror as well as terrorism are understandable as effects or symptoms of a clash of civilizations between the West and Islam. Moreover, some have explained that terrorism is an Islamic response to the rise of the West to global preeminence. This paper suggests that these arguments and explanations have merit because Western culture and Islamic culture are incompatible in many ways. Furthermore, the paper suggests, that the result of the culture clash has been that political and religious extremists on both sides have been increasingly advocating violent confrontation, which has taken the form of Islamic fundamentalist terrorism and Western military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
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The 1920s: Social and Cultural Clashes, 2006.
Presents an analysis of the social and cultural clashes that prevailed in America during the 1920s.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
The decade of the 1920s was marked by intensely emotional clashes over social and cultural values because of divisive issues such as religion, immigration, prohibition, and government corruption. Millions of conservative Americans were anti-Catholic, wanted to restrict immigration from Asia and Eastern Europe, and supported the prohibition of alcohol; while millions of progressive Americans supported religious tolerance, considered immigration restrictions racist, and were against the prohibition of alcohol. This paper examines the cultural and social clashes that existed over these issues and how they reflected the disparity between conservative and progressive visions of what American society should be.
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"Clash of the Titans"--A Film Review, 2007.
A review of the film "The Clash of the Titans" and its mythological basis.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and reviews the film "The Clash of the Titans," while also considering the mythological basis of the storyline. The paper examines the deeper mythological themes present in the movie, especially how human beings try to satisfy the willful nature of the gods. The review describes the intent of Greek mythology in the paper, also giving attention to its deeper psychological meaning. The review concludes that although the film "The Clash of the Titans" does add some changes for dramatic effect, it does not veer too far away from the themes found in the original Greek myth.
From the Paper
"The symbolic frame for the mythology considers that the people form cultures with their own rites and ceremonies, mythology, heroes and stories as unique as any other culture. The Greeks developed over time a massive and complex mythology that explained in animistic, anthropomorphic terms many of the natural phenomena seen in the world around them and at the same time propounded a direct relationship between themselves and the gods as part of that explanation. In mythology, the Oedipus myth suggests that the hero is challenged and reformed by his encounter with his anima in the form of Jocasta, but his daughter Antigone is herself faced with her animus in the form of her father and all that he represents. Even a superficial reading of the story and an examination of the mythology behind it points to the fact that Antigone's character has been formed from her relationship with her father. Her relationship with her mother is secondary and indeed only sketchily formed at all in the context of the myth. Jocasta plays a role that is vital more because she is the mother as well as the wife of Oedipus than because she is the mother of Antigone. Elements of this myth are apparent in the way Perseus seeks to reconnect with the mother and rebuild the family lost so long ago. The godly world inhabited by these characters is a world where human passions have been projected on the deities so that rather than act as deities might be expected to, keeping some distance from the passions of the world, they instead exhibit human passions heightened because they are part of the behavior of the gods."
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Humanitarian Intervention: Rumping Sovereignty in Kosovo, 2002.
This paper is a justification of NATO's bombing campaign in the Kosovo War.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at "Operation Allied Force" NATO's bombing campaign against Serbia during the Kosovo War in 1999. The history of the conflict is presented in detail, with particular attention being placed on the humanitarian needs of the population that was being devastated by this war. The author presents several arguments against the bombing, and discusses why these arguments are wrong, or do not apply to Kosovo. In addition to the human rights angle, the author also looks at the political reasons for NATO's intervention, first and foremost being, regional stability and the fear that the war would spread.
From the Paper
"Detractors argue that the clear acceleration of Serb ethnic cleansing of Albanians in Kosovo that occurred concurrently with Operation Allied Force demonstrates that the war did not aid the Kosovars; however, given the ominous signs of ethnic cleansing, the argument is insupportable. After all, whether Serb atrocities and ethnic cleansing occurred over one month or six months is low impact. Although the Kosovars did suffer much before the end of the war, the war's ultimate result-- protection from Serb atrocities and the fall from power and trial of Slobodan Milosevic-- will allow the Kosovars to more securely recover from the harm that they have suffered, and be more secure in the future than they would have under continued rule by Milosevic."
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