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Male Homosexuality In Chinese History, 2002.
Examines how homosexuality was accepted and condemned throughout Chinese history and whether it was seen as an alternative or supplement to hetrosexual relationships.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
Male homosexuality was a common practice in Chinese history. Several sources document the extent of this practice through long periods of Chinese history. It was also widely depicted in Chinese literature. Common literary terms for homosexuality included longyang, fen tao zhi ai (sharing or eating a peach) and duanxiu or cut sleeve. With few exceptions, however, male homosexuality did not replace heterosexual marriage nor was it seen as an alternative to marriage. Even as a kind of supplement to marriage, male homosexuality was not universally accepted. Though common, it was condemned by many. It was also illegal in the Qing period. These themes are discussed in this paper.
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The Position of Chinese Women Throughout History, 2002.
A paper which discusses that despite the severe limits placed on Chinese women throughout their history, they still managed to demonstrate tenacity and courage and the power of decision within these restrictions.
3,340 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how women throughout Chinese history have experienced the oppression their tradition and culture exert as well as the power only members of their sex can attain in their chosen domains. It shows that although readers have been exposed to historical anecdotes relating foot binding and Man?s superiority to women, there are also many stories relating their freedom and tenacity, whether they are wives, concubines, courtesans or prostitutes. The paper discusses how the history of Chinese women is not necessarily limited to persecution and being dominated, it is also peppered with inspirational stories of women who have been able to find happiness, success and fulfillment within the parameters Chinese tradition and culture dictate.
From the Paper
"The girl split from her first family with the understanding that she was never going back to them nor even allowed to communicate with them unless she had the permission of the man. On the surface the procedure is very much like a father marrying off his daughter, making the same arrangements as if it was a legal marriage. However there were a few things that distinguished the wife?s status over that of the concubine. Legally, a Chinese man can only have one wife but could possess innumerable concubines. So the status of wife was more special than that of the concubines. Wives were also allocated property upon their marriage while concubines were not. Concubines did not have dowries and their first family did not receive any presents from the man upon losing their daughter."
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Chinese History, 2005.
A review of recent Chinese history.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper examines four issues that are crucial to the understanding of modern Chinese history. The paper examines U.S-Chinese relations between 1840-1949; the significance of the "May 4th" movement; and the rise and fall of Chang Kai-Shek's KMT at the end of the 1940s. The paper further analyzes notable writers of the early twentieth century whose work still resonates today.
From the Paper
"The Relationship between China and the US from 1840 to 1949. The relationship between China and the United States has been a very interesting one. The devastating Chinese defeat at the hands of the British during the Opium Wars of the 1840s had a deep, almost ineradicable, impact upon how Americans saw the Chinese. For instance, the Chinese came to be viewed, at least in some precincts, as a weak and servile people. Using their naval might, the British compelled the Chinese to do away with their habit of imposing tariffs arbitrarily upon Western traders; the British also saw to it that westerners accused of crimes were tried by their own consular officers and not through hostile Chinese courts."
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Modern Chinese History (1949-1980), 2004.
An examination of modern Chinese history, focusing on the rule of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The modern Chinese history under Mao Zedong is often perceived as a one-dimensional, iron-fisted rule by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) led by Mao. The truth, of course, is not so simple or one-dimensional. It is true that Mao was a larger-than-life figure who was raised to a godlike status through the personality cult built around him. The paper points out that, at the same time, Mao was an incorrigible revolutionary, which in itself ensured that there would never be a dull moment as long as he was in power. Although defying Mao?s thoughts in China was a hazardous occupation while he lived, differences of opinion and expression of alternate visions within the CCP about how the country should be governed were not totally absent, even during Mao?s lifetime. This paper examines some of the major policy campaigns launched by the CCP during 1949-1980, the difference of opinion or alternate visions expressed by a few, and the consequences they had to face.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the dynamics of Communist China, it is worthwhile to briefly examine the background of the Communist movement and see how it came to China. China was a formerly great continental empire ruled by a weakened monarchy in the early part of the 20th century. A republican revolution in 1911 brought an end to the monarchic rule but the country remained beset with internal troubles and foreign interference. Japan, with its imperialist ambitions, sought to make China its protectorate, while local warlords in the country all but made a central government, irrelevant. China entered the World War I on the side of the Allies, hoping to halt the Japanese ambitions on its territory, but was badly let down at the Treaty of Versailles. In such a political environment, a group of Chinese intellectuals?inspired by the October 1917 Communist revolution in Russia, formed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. Initially, the Communists joined the Kuomintang nationalists (KMT) who led a fight against the warlords to reunify the country."
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Confucianism Across Chinese History, 2008.
An analysis of the changing nature of Confucianism from the time of the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of Confucianism and how it was adapted to serve the changing needs of the Chinese state with which it came to be so identified. It looks at the changes in Confucianism from the time of the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty. The paper also describes the importance of Confucianism in Chinese history and the fundamental disagreements about Confucianism that extend throughout Chinese history.
From the Paper
"This passage is interesting for its emphasis on how the Confucian focus on ritual can be oriented towards the individual and the individuals local relationships, with the broader implications for the state clearly being secondary. Clearly, this represents a profound shift from the heavy emphasis of Confucianism since the Han upon how Confucianism is useful to the state and government. Now, with Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi seems to suggest that the Chinese people have different needs that must be met in new ways through an adaptation of traditional Confucian thinking. In this adaptation, it may be argued, Zhu Xi is continuing int he practice of continual revision of Confucianism(s) that have defined the evolution of this philosophy in theory and practice throughout Chinese imperial history."
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Chinese-American History, 2007.
This paper explores the Chinese Exclusion Act from the perspective of those who were excluded.
5,999 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 228.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to explore the historiography of Chinese-Americans and the impact that the Exclusion Act had on shaping the course of Chinese-American culture. The paper examines why so many Chinese immigrants continued to flock to America in droves if they knew of the hardships and discrimination they would face in America. The paper discovers several historical myths that are not based on primary sources or quantitative data. The paper presents a new approach to Chinese-American history and claims that it will have a dramatic impact on future perceptions of Chinese-Americans.
Outline:
History and Impact of the Exclusion Act
Identity Crisis
A New Generation of Historiographers
Location Specific Works
On Primary Sources
From the Paper
"Erik Lee explored the impact and motive behind the actions of Chinese immigrants in his book At America's Gates. Lee relates the experiences of Chinese Americans to the immigration story of his Grandfather. In this case, he has first had knowledge of the events and their impact on Chinese Americans. This personal experience apparently sparked his interest in the topic of how the Exclusion act impacted other Chinese American Immigrants and their families. Lee uses primary sources to draw his conclusions and support his thesis. He relied exclusively on the documents of immigrants and those that were deported as his data source. This gives his work an incredible air of reliability."
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"Peach Blossom Fan:" Chinese History, 2005.
This paper offers an analysis of Part 1, Scene 1 of the 17th Century play, "Peach Blossom Fan" by K'ung Shang Fen.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Part 1, Scene 1 of the 17th Century play, "Peach Blossom Fan" by K'ung Shang Fen. The paper gives a brief overview of the play and also discusses how this particular scene fits into the play as a whole. The paper incorporates the historical context of the play and its author.
From the Paper
"The Season of Love Within a Human Heart is as Brief as Spring Upon the Earth: Introduction: This paper will analyze a scene from the play; "The Peach Blossom Fan" by K'ung Shang Fen. Specifically this will be a scene from the beginning of the play. Part 1 Scene 1: The Storyteller. There will first be a brief summary of the play, then a discussion as to how this particular scene fits within the rest of the play."
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China's History and Chinese Immigration to Canada, 2002.
Discussion of the link between these two phenomena.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the connection between Chinese history and Chinese immigration to Canada. It ties in how the tenet of Confucianism helped Chinese families persevere under Canadian discrimination.
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Chinese Art, 2007.
This paper looks at art in Chinese history and shows the common denominator of classicism and opposition to change.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the Tang Dynasty which was commonly regarded by many Chinese as the most glorious period of Chinese history and the classical era of Chinese art. The paper discusses how the Chinese artistic style remained relatively uniform, in contrast with the levels of transformation evident in Chinese society and history of the period. The paper examines the art during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, the rule of the Mongols and the Ming and the Qing Dynasties. The paper explains that during all these time periods there was a climate that discouraged rather than encouraged radical innovations that could be called revolutionary in the traditional, Western sense of an artistic revolution.
From the Paper
"The open ports during the Tang Dynasty meant that China was exposed to new ideas, from abroad, and the arts, including sculpture and painting, as well as poetry and the art of the traditional Chinese opera. All of these arts were nationally supported. Yet this brief period of openness ended almost as quickly as it began. ("Tang Dynasty," Classical Imperial China, 2006) Also, the concentration of artistic support near the Imperial Court limited the levels of innovation to a fairly select group of artists."
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Chinese Dynasties, 2002.
An examination of the four ancient dynasties in Chinese history.
2,738 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper studies four ancient dynasties in Chinese history, the Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin and how they characterize the early beginnings of the culture of politics and society of China, as well as the literature, religion, philosophies and other intellectual and cultural developments that have become the foundations of the contemporary Chinese society. It analyzes the dynamics of these four dynasties and attempts to identify any trends of similarities and differences that emerged during the ancient Chinese civilization. It also develops the stance that the ancient Chinese dynasties have portrayed similarities in political systems and social norms in the society while there have been developments in the cultural system of the Chinese throughout history.
Outline
Xia Dynasty (2200 B.C.- 750 B.C.)
Shang Dynasty (1750 B.C.- 1066 B.C.)
Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C.- 771 B.C.)
Qin Dynasty (771 B.C.- 206 B. C.)
From the Paper
"The political structure of the Zhou dynasty changed from being a feudal aristocracy into a bureaucratic government. Because of the division of political work in the governance of the dynasty, the Zhou tribe was able to develop different aspects that are significant to the improvement of human civilization. Although Zhou dynasty also subsisted to the ways and traditions of the Shang dynasty such as ?Oracle bone divination, bronze casting for sacrificial purposes and burying rites,? Zhou dynasty had developed a complex kind of culture, with the emergence of literature in the form of Confucianism?s readings and teachings (Theobald 2000). Although Confucianism was already an established philosophical movement during the Shang dynasty, its teachings and philosophy became more popular during the Zhou dynasty."
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" Discovering History in China", 2002.
Discusses the position of the author of "Discovering History in China" that American historians need to take a more China-centered approach to studying Chinese history.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The author of this book emphasizes that a China-centered history is necessary to get a better and more accurate portrayal of Chinese history. Indeed, in his perspective, this will counter-act the ethnocentric approach taken by American historians on the subject. One of the main theses of the book is that a China-centered approach is needed to counter-balance the American distortion of Chinese history.
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Ancient Chinese Art, 2006.
Examines art from the Jiangsu dynasty and the Han dynasty and how they shed light on life during these times in Chinese history.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
There are numerous dynasties in Chinese history, but the two that are focused on in this paper are the Jiangsu dynasty and the Han dynasty. There are thousands of years between these two dynasties and this results in very diversified art. A major concept in most of the Chinese art that we now have is about funerary rituals. The paper explains that by researching this art we can uncover clues about the past, and learn more about cultures that we did not know before. The paper looks at items such as a funerary jar, an incense burner and pottery.
From the Paper
"Time changes everything, and Chinese art is no exception. In Neolithic times most art was made out of pottery, and by the Han period they were using bronze. Pottery "must have been extremely difficult to make, let alone use, for in the succeeding Bronze Age the tradition died out completely" (Sullivan, 8). The use of bronze also gives example to the advancement of Chinese art. In the bronze period art is much more detailed and intricate, showing that the Chinese must have had access to much better resources and tools."
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Taste Chinese Food, Taste Chinese Culture, 2003.
An overview of how to organise a Chinese function from the planning stage to the execution of the function itself.
3,243 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the planning of a Chinese function as part of a university assignment. It summarises the whole function from pre-planning, organization until the end production, taking into consideration marketing and finances as well as the catering. It examines how the students demonstrated that they can employ supervisory skills through the planning, organization and production of a function,through the use of practical and technical skills and by the interpretation of the Food and Beverage Control Cycle through the application of the principles and procedures to a practical situation.
Outline
Introduction
Pre-Planning
Approach to Setting Objectives
Strategy for Achieving Objectives
Analysis of:
Marketing Considerations
Financial Considerations
Catering Considerations
Evaluate Function Failures and Overcome Difficulties
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix 1 Pre-Planning Function Menu
Appendix 2 ?Taste Chinese Food, Taste Chinese Culture? Function Menu
Appendix 3 Handling Complaints
Appendix 4 Blueprinting of the Function.
Appendix 5 Service Procedures
Appendix 6 The Failures of Each Co-Ordinator
From the Paper
"A comparison of competitive catering services reveals trends in private party formats, cuisine menus, theme and entertainment concepts. Competitive business can often provide valuable information to new and developing operations. Although competition wasn?t a major problem for the function operation because of the nature of this function- it is a university assessment. The consideration of the competition should not be ignored to help to maintain the function to be better and professional. Group 1 chose Chinese food and Group 2 chose Moroccan food. These 2 groups had exactly same location, facilities and support from the university teachers, and the 2 groups targets on the same customers- university students, lecturers, university staff, their own family and friends etc."
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Chinese Puppetry, 2002.
A history of puppetry in Chinese drama from the time of the Han dynasty until modern times.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper will demonstrate that it is impossible to truly understand the history and evolution of the Chinese theatre without studying the role of puppetry as a performing art. This paper will show the history of puppetry in Chinese drama from its origins at the time of the Han dynasty. As will be seen, puppetry is one of the oldest forms of performing art in China and in fact may have had a great influence upon the shape and performing styles of later drama involving human actors.
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Chinese Characters, 2002.
An analysis of the history of Chinese characters and symbols.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper will cover the history and evolution of the Chinese character. In showing the way that the symbols evolved in the Chinese language, we can see why they changed in retrospect. By understanding this, the ideals for a foundation of critique can be revealed, in the metamorphic nature of language in the history of China.
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"A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America", 2005.
This paper discusses the history of Chinese and Japanese emigrants in the formation of the American identity as related in Ronald Takaki's "A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America".
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the success of both Chinese and Japanese emigrants symbolizes their efforts in constructing an industrialized and agricultural America. The author points out that, because of hardship and discrimination, both groups formed their own communities and labor unions in order to strive for labor rights for their contributions, which gradually developed strong alliances with their own cultural values and thus helped to create a multicultural America that resists notions of assimilation. The paper concludes that, if the history of these ethnic groups were eliminated, there would be blank pages in the history of America because this people built the wealth of America.
From the Paper
"In the 1800s, America was sought as a "New World" of opportunities and a better life for emigrants who were "pushed" out of their country by economic depression and "pulled" by hopes and dreams of fortune. Many Chinese migrants came to America to seek sanctuary from intense revolts and harsh economic conditions in China caused by the British Opium War (Takaki 192). The Japanese emigrated to America for similar reasons as the Chinese. 1868 was the year of the Japanese Meiji Reform and the government financed national defense by heavy taxing in order to establish a strong centralized society."
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