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Cambodia: The United Nations' Shame, 2005.
A look at the holocaust committed in Cambodia under the leadership of the Khmer Rouge.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper details the rise of the the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, looks at the atrocities committed against the Cambodian peoples under the leadership of Khmer Rouge leader, Pol Pot, and talks about how the international community was responsible for the conditions that allowed Pol Pot to take control of Cambodia. The paper also points out that, while those responsible for bringing such a holocaust upon the Cambodian peoples can no longer be held accountable or brought to justice, the international community can hold a 'truth commission' that would bring to light the horrific events of the past and help Cambodia bring about an atmosphere of reconciliation and hope for the future. The paper includes a 1000-word annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Approximately thirty years ago, in 1975, a murderous government led by a man with a philosophy that is almost impossible to understand, came to power in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge governed the country for only three years but, it was a three years that the Cambodians and Cambodia have not been able to recover from until now. The Khmer Rouge, under the leadership of Pol Pot carried out a holocaust years against ordinary Cambodian citizens that had committed no crime. Almost two million people died and the world did absolutely nothing to stop the killing. As Jerry Adler and Ron Moreau explains in "The Devil's Due," Pol Pot, the leader of this murderous regime, had a philosophy behind the killings. From his point of view, Cambodia and the Cambodian people were hopeless and no reform policies would change the situation or transform them into a developed and educated people."
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The Genocide in Cambodia, 2008.
This paper discusses the psychological elements behind the genocide in Pol Pot Cambodia.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the social-psychological influences that dominated Cambodia during the late 20th century. The paper discusses three major causes of genocide; passive bystanders, historical antagonism and victimization and socialization of violence. The paper then shows how the factors that led to the Khmer Rouge rise and eventual deaths of close to three million Cambodians will always impact this country.
Outline:
The Passive Bystander
Historical Antagonism
Victimization and Socialization of Violence
Cambodia Today
From the Paper
"Ervin Staub is well known for his extended research on the major acts of genocide of the 20th century. Staub not only conducted decade long research studies on the events that occurred during the Khmer Rouge and other authoritarian regimes, he also attempts to explain the social and psychological constructs of each country. In an effort to provide information to prevent the spread of genocide, Staub notes that genocide occurs primarily for 3 major reasons: 1. Passive bystanders, in other words Stoicism 2. Historical Antagonism 3. Victimization and socialization of violence."
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Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 2002.
This paper analyzes the book "First They Killed my Father" by Loung Ung which specifically discusses what happened in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains in the review of Loung Ung's book "First They Killed my Father" that the Khmer Rouge was one of the most vicious and violent regimes in world history and asks why the world stood by and watched while two million people died horrible deaths. The author believes that while the book vividly shows the experiences of Ung's family, it is important to understand how a regime like the Khmer Rouge could gain such power, keep such power, and eradicate so many people in such a relatively short period. The author thinks that, historically, Ung's account of her four years under Khmer Rouge rule is an accurate account for the people in her area; but written by another, in another area of Cambodia, the story could have been entirely different.
From the Paper
"Before the regime, Cambodia was reasonably technologically advanced, and relied on a wide variety of trade and business options. The Khmer Rouge seemed to want to take the country backward into the dark ages, reliant on no outside corrupting "Western" influences, but also unable to compete in the modern, mechanized world. A country cannot survive when it is held back from advancing along with the rest of the world, and becoming "self-reliant" based totally on rice is not only ridiculous, it is short-sighted. As the author notes, "Though the Angkar says we are all equal in Democratic Kampuchea, we are not. We live and are treated like slaves. In our garden, the Angkar provides us with seeds and we may plant anything we choose, but everything we grow belongs not to us but to the community" (Ung 66). This shortsightedness will be the regime's downfall, as it has with any cruel and violent regime throughout history. You cannot treat people so cruelly without them rising up in revolt, no matter how much you try to control them. The killing and the viciousness turned the author into someone who truly hated Pol Pot and his regime, and it did the same to thousands of others. "His government has created a vengeful, bloodthirsty people. Pol Pot has turned me into someone who wants to kill"."
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Religion and Society in Thailand and Cambodia, 2002.
Examining the challenges of political order as faced by the new governments of Thailand and Cambodia.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines subtle ways of attaining and challenging political power, focusing on the role of society groups and religion. It focuses how an authoritarian regime can quell dissent through outlawing religion, as was the case in Cambodia. Conversely, it then looks at how the use of religious imagery and tradition can also awaken dissent among orderly society.
From the Paper
"In many Southeast Asian states, power is often maintained through overt strategies, such as a controlled media and military-supported dictatorships. Cambodia, for example, suffered under the brutal rule of the Khmer Rouge, under the dictatorship of Pol Pot. Under the Pol Pot regime, an estimated two million Cambodians, one-seventh of the country's population, died from malnutrition, starvation and exhaustion during years of slave labor. Khmer Rouge soldiers executed 200,000 accused "class enemies" outright (Chandler vii)."
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Aid to Cambodia: A Flawed Policy, 2005.
Examines the consequences of providing foreign aid to poorer countries such as Cambodia.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the value of foreign aid programs, which has always been debated, for providing foreign aid to underdeveloped countries is a process that is far from perfect. Upon examining all of the pertinent issues and choosing a position to support, this paper shows that reciprocity should influence decisions involving foreign aid assistance to Cambodia, even though this may reduce the humanitarian benefits of foreign aid and harm the innocent along with the guilty. But realistic assessments must prevail, for throwing money at problems is not a solution and never has been.
From the Paper
"The value of foreign aid programs has always been debated, for providing foreign aid to underdeveloped countries is a process that is far from perfect. Upon examining all of the pertinent issues and choosing a position to support, it is evident that reciprocity should influence decisions involving foreign aid assistance to Cambodia, even though this may reduce the humanitarian benefits of foreign aid and harm the innocent along with the guilty. But realistic assessments must prevail, for throwing money at problems is not a solution and never has been. (Johnson) Idealistic proponents of foreign aid contend that American foreign aid to the Cambodian government is not the problem, administering it is the problem."
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The U.S. Bombing of Cambodia in 1969, 1992.
Discusses purposes, politics, effects, the rise of the Khmer Rouge, military strategy and reasons for its failure.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 111.95
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From the Paper
"On February 19, 1969, not long after Richard Nixon became President, the military command in Vietnam requested permission to commence a secret program of bombing operations within the borders of neighboring Cambodia (Shawcross, 1979, pp. 19ff). Naturally, this "secret" campaign was in no way secret from the people among whom the bombs were falling. It was "secret" only in two contexts; first, of "plausible deniability" in international diplomacy, and second .. probably a more important consideration .. of secrecy from Congressional and other opponents of the war within the United States.
The bombing of Cambodia is of broad significance in several respects. First, and most narrowly, it was an escalation of the Vietnam war, of questionable legality, in bombing the territory of a neutral nation with which the U.S. was not at war, and had ..."
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Forgiving the Killing Fields, 2002.
The paper looks at genocide in Cambodia from 1975-1979.
4,995 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how foreign politics triumphed over law in judging genocide in Cambodia. The author feels that foreign influences on Cambodia is the most plausible explanation of why Cambodia became embarked on a path of terror, and how political imperatives continued to outweigh the need to punish genocide. The author looks at Cambodia's history, from when they were a great power in the region, and continues to show how they subsequently became threatened by foreign nations which brought with it centuries of decline in both political, economic and military power. The role that the Cold War played in Cambodian politics, both internal and international is also examined in detail, as are the policies adopted by the Khmer Rouge during the 1980s in an attempt to soften its image in the western world.
From the Paper
"While the world had offered aid to the Khmer Rouge regime when it occupied Cambodia, which the Khmer Rouge refused consistent with its policy of self-reliance, when Vietnam occupied Cambodia, the West refused to provide aid at all leaving only Vietnam and USSR to provide humanitarian aid to avert famine. When aid was finally provided, Western nations only provided it to refugee camps along the Western border with Thailand, territory which was also home to Khmer Rouge guerrilla fighters, to ensure that at least some of the aid went to the Khmer Rouge and their supporters. With the support of the West, the UN voted to continue to recognize the Khmer Rouge regime and offer them a seat at the UN in lieu of the Vietnamese-backed government, which controlled the capital and the vast majority of the country."
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Cambodian Women, 2006.
This brief yet concise paper examines the current status of women in post-war Cambodia, which has drastically changed for the worse since the wars of the 1970s and 1980s.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the widening gap between the sexes in post-war Cambodia. Cambodian women have a long history of playing important public roles and in Angkorian times women served as scientists, astronomers and doctors. However, modern Cambodian society has come to place more value on the woman as a homemaker. This paper details how this situation changed drastically with the wars of the 1970s and 1980s. Many women throughout Cambodia found themselves working outside the home, filling jobs that had been previously occupied by men. Women eventually began protesting their sub-standard working conditions and demanded higher wages. This paper examines the basic needs of women that are not being met by the Cambodian government that strongly believes that boys should be educated, while girls stay home, which accounts for the low literacy rates in girls. This paper also details the various international organizations that are geared towards improving the current conditions for women in Cambodia.
From the Paper
"Over the next decade, the general per-capita income was much lower than in the rest of the region. Almost every rural household depended heavily on agriculture, particularly on wet rice cultivation. Rice has been the basis for most of Cambodia's foreign trade, for its national self-sufficiency and for its national revenues. There have been very few attempts to industrialize the country, and the manufacturing now is not yet extensive or large-scale. Most of the service sector is focused on trading activities. Furthermore, one of the legacies of thirteen years of war has been the ongoing depletion of the Cambodian workforce. Today, however, with a tentative peace, the workforce numbers about 4 million strong, and fully 50 percent of that population is made up of women."
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Cambodian Child Prostitution, 2005.
An overview of the problem of child prostitution in Cambodia.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in Cambodia alone there are an estimated 24,500 prostitutes less than 17 years old, each of whom services approximately 2,000 men per year. This situation is clearly a gross violation of the human rights of these children. Focusing on the situation in Cambodia, this paper argues that, as citizens of the world, all decent people must strive to put an end to this situation.
From the Paper
"Millions of children around the world currently work as prostitutes. Many of these children are in developing countries. Men travel to these countries from all over the world, often with the primary purpose of sexually abusing children. In Cambodia alone there are an estimated 24,500 prostitutes less than 17 years old, each of whom services approximately 2,000 men per year. "
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The Cambodian Holocaust, 2005.
This paper discusses the reign of Pol Pot, the leader of the Khmer Rouge terror, from 1975 to 1979, in Cambodia, which resulted in one of the saddest effects of the Vietnam War, the Cambodian holocaust.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pol Pot's campaign against his own people resulted in the deaths of between 700,000 and 1 million people, either as a result of execution or illness, from hunger and overwork. The author points out four main reasons why Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge came into power: (1) As a response to French colonialism at the end of World War II, (2) rivalry between Vietnamese and Chinese Communists within the party, (3) Prince Norodom Sihanouk's brutal repression and (4) U.S. economic and military destabilization of Cambodia. The paper stresses the U.S. involvement in each of these reasons.
From the Paper
"As the bombings only increased after the end of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, over 150,000 Cambodian civilians perished. Ultimately, the Cambodian civilians feared U.S. air attacks more than they feared Pol Pot and his severe tactics. Not surprisingly then, Pol Pot came into power. By April 1975, the CPK had taken over the two largest cities in Cambodia, Phnom Penh and Battambang, and defeated Lon Nol. The terror Cambodians received from the U.S. was now over, but they were entering into the holocaust that Pol Pot would bring about."
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World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2005.
This paper discusses the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its relationship to the economy of Indonesia, China, Thailand, the Philippines, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been responsible for lending billions of dollars to Asian countries over the past thirty years; but, in the past, some countries were unable to repay their loans and the loans had to be refinanced in order to support the country's economy. The author points out that, to protect their investments, the IMF and the World Bank conduct a series of negotiations with the government that wishes to borrow money; these negotiations establish a series of policies and changes that the government promises to establish in order to enhance and strengthen its economy. The paper relates the economy and relationship to the IMF of several Asian countries including Indonesia, one of the leading recipients of foreign bank lending, whose history of borrowing has been troubled by political corruption and an unstable financial sector.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Indonesia
China
Thailand
The Philippines
Korea
Vietnam
Cambodia
From the Paper
"China used to be one of the world's poorest countries. Twenty years ago, 80 percent of the population was living on less than US$1 a day and there was an illiteracy rate of 60 percent. However, over the past two decades China has made enormous progress in reducing poverty. In 1978 and again in 1995, China launched an economic reform program which took it from being a communist economy to a market-based one. The economic reform package brought the country up to average growth rate in gross domestic product of 8 percent a year. Growth has continued in China and the poverty rate has declined, bringing more than 200 million Chinese above the poverty level."
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Khmer Rouge, 2006.
This paper describes the history of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper notes that the beginning of the ascendancy of the Khmer Rouge and so the road to auto-genocide in Cambodia, can be found in Vietnam and the Vietnamese War, which begin in the 1950s under the French and then transferred to the conflict involving the United States on the side of South Vietnam. The paper also considers how genocide changed to auto-genocide as a culture of killing became the norm for the leadership.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the ascendancy of the Khmer Rouge and so the road to auto-genocide in Cambodia, can be found in Vietnam and the Vietnamese War, which begin in the 1950s under the French and then transferred to the conflict involving the United States on the side of South Vietnam. Kiernan (2004) traces the beginnings of the Khmer Rouge by considering Pol Pot's development in the 1960s and how that leader used genocide to eliminate certain minorities in the country. He started a process that in time turned on itself and expanded beyond the minorities of the Vietnamese, the Chinese and the Muslim Cham (Kiernan, 2004, p. 345). The Vietnamese eventually invaded Cambodia and fought against a coalition of communist and non-communist resistance elements. The Vietnamese were joined by the forces of the new Phnom Penh government."
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The History of Phnom Penh, 2002.
A look at Cambodia.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper describes, through the help of web, extracts of the history of Phnom Penh with a background of Cambodia.
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Cambodian Incursions in 1970, 2002.
Examines relations between the United States and Cambodia in 1970.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper sheds lights on American operations in Cambodia, commonly known as Cambodian Incursions of 1970. The paper particularly focuses on Nixon's policies in connection with Vietnam War and how flawed policy contributed turned him into a very unpopular president at home.
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Cambodian Western Style Housing, 2007.
This paper analyzes the problems of developing western style housing in Cambodia, especially the urban areas of Phnom Penh.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Cambodian government has begun to make vast improvements to westernize its housing system in terms of design and in distribution of land. The author points out that, while urbanization plays a vital role in free market trade and democratic governments, the lack of purchasing power, financial strength and the legal loopholes required to obtain a new home in Phnom Penh are problems for the general Cambodian population. The paper stresses that Cambodians, who were colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th century, are accustomed to the centralized living styles of French flats, which provide more communal areas; whereas, the American investors are insisting on implementing western style condominiums, which differ in the sense that the facilities provide more privacy and space.
Table of Contents:
Historical Background
The Need for Land and Growth
Culture and Foreign Investment
History of Housing in Phnom Penh
Cambodian Fiscal System
The Development of French Style Flats and Western Condominiums
Legal Requirements for Construction of Housing
The Cost of Living in the New Phnom Penh
Analysis: French Style Flats versus Western Style Condominiums
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is evident that Cambodia has a distinct disadvantage compared to the rest of the Asian countries. Primarily, the remnants of war has left a poverty stricken country with the responsibility of re-shaping its entire government, providing education and health care to needy families and finding adequate professional workers to maintain a new democratic system of public administration. However, there are many advantages to starting over for Cambodia, as the United Nations and the United States have taken a great interest in the rebuilding efforts. With a new, open economy and sufficient developmental programs, Cambodia stands at a crossroads for change."
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The Holocaust and the Cambodian and Rwandan Genocides, 2006.
A comparison of the Holocaust in Europe in the 1930s and 40s with the genocides in Cambodia and Rwanda.
2,927 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
This essay compares the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides to the Holocaust in Europe in the 1930s and 40s. The paper examines who the victims were in each instance as well as whom the perpetrators were that committed these heinous acts. The paper then looks look at the methods and mechanisms used to kill the victims and their degree of efficiency and how they differed in each instance compared to the Holocaust. The paper discusses the time frame and geographic locations, in order to understand the killings better. The paper also tries to explain why these genocides occurred. In conclusion, this paper shows that through methods such as fear and death, all three genocides accomplished the murder of the innocent for the ultimate goal of power none more then the Nazi Holocaust in Europe.
From the Paper
"Throughout the twentieth century, many atrocities have been committed against various ethnic groups throughout the world. Some have been on a large mass scale, with extreme precision and efficiency, others were more primitive. These various scales can be looked at by means of the total number of people killed, the time span it took to kill and dispose of the bodies and the number of people removed forcibly from their homes and taken to other counties to be exterminated. The Holocaust in Europe was the most unique genocide in history. There have not been any other genocides that have been the same since the 1930/40s' massacres on the level of scale or precedence. The killing efficiency that was experienced in the Nazi death camps throughout Europe that claimed the lives of countless victims has not been seen since."
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