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Brazilian Highways and Railways, 2005.
This paper examines Brazil's economy relative to its infrastructure.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the overall economy of Brazil vis-a-vis its infrastructure. In terms of infrastructure, the discussion is largely limited to highway and railway transportation systems and how Brazil's are less than adequate. Further discussion revolves around the impact that infrastructure has on an economy and the effects that a lack of infrastructure can have on a developing economy such as Brazil's.
From the Paper
"Brazil, otherwise known as the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of land mass and population and the largest such in Latin America. Brazil derives its name from its native brazilwood tree which was held in much esteem by early colonial powers (Levine, 1999). Currently Brazil's economy revolves around extensive agricultural development, a growing industrial base and preservation of its remaining rain forests. Brazil is South America's leading economy and has a huge labor pool that has allowed it to compete internationally as a manufacturing base as its infrastructural development improves. Its official language is Portuguese owing the fact that it was those intrepid explorers who first colonized Brazil in 1500AD (Levine, 1999). Brazil formerly claimed independence from Portugal in 1822 but remained economically and socially integrated with the European continent throughout the succeeding two centuries."
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Highways and Urban Sprawl, 2002.
An overview of the effects of Eisenhower's federal auto highways program on urbanization in America after World War II.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Eisenhower administration?s federal auto highways program had several major effects on the American population. It looks at how it allowed automobile commuting, which, when coupled with the federal housing administration?s low-interest home loans and fears resulting from the effects of desegregation, created "white flight" and led to the creation of America?s suburbs and a suburban/urban class dichotomy. It also shows how it created what could be considered an American mono-culture by radically reducing the barriers to interstate transportation and making society more mobile. It also did much to integrate and homogenize rural economies, creating new wealth around highway exits where highways crossed major roads.
From the Paper
"The trend over the last 15 years has not only been to move to suburbs but to what are called ?exurbs? as well. Politicians at the local level realize that this is the way that people have grown comfortable living. It was predominantly the case that people would live in suburbs and commute to the city [in the 60?s and 70?s] but the appeal of lower taxes and land costs have been a big draw for business. The Gore campaign tried to excoriate developers prior to the 2000 election, but such initiatives only have appeal for a small audience. Cities like Portland, Oregon and Chattanooga, Tennessee feature managed growth attempts that cater to such an audience."
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Tim Miller and the Highways Performance Space, 2004.
An analysis of the work of Tim Miller and the Highways Performance Space in presenting the plight of homosexuals.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in 1989, the Highways Performance Space was created in Santa Monica in the hope of presenting a more multicultural perspective of the arts to the people of Southern California. It shows how, rather than focusing on one particular culture, the center was made to present performances that spanned the spectrum of race and gender, ethnicity and lifestyle. It looks at how one of its founders, Tim Miller, already a well-renowned performance artist, focused on the trials of America?s gays and lesbians. It also discusses how both Miller and Highways attempted to create a relationship with the world in order to take an uncertain future and mold it into something better than the present in order to end prejudice.
From the Paper
"Miller?s pieces often explain the plights of homosexuals through his own personal experiences. For example, in his most recent work, ?Glory Box,? he discusses how he and his lover may have to move to a different country as his partner is not a full citizen and they cannot marry in order to allow him to stay (Miller, Body Blows, 210-241). Thus his works touch on a more personal side, while also being able to be somewhat universal as all gay couples have to deal with this type of discrimination in one way or another. This can easily be connected to the creation of Highways, in which his more personal gay/lesbian stance is able to be magnified to encompass all types of minorities."
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Interstate Highways, 2008.
An analysis of the commercialization surrounding America's interstate highways.
3,284 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion on how America's interstate highways have affected its commercial growth over the years. Included in this study are the following topics: post roads and early travel routes, growth and sprawl benefits and effects, right-of-way and eminent domain, the role of the railroad in human and freight travel, the role of the automobile, and a short study on Route 66 in its heyday.
Outline:
Early European Models
Early American Travel Routes
The Railroad
The Automobile
Route 66
Infrastructure Issues
The Interstate's Role in Growth and Sprawl
From the Paper
"The highway, or Interstate as it is formally called, has facilitated a drastic growth in American lifestyle, planning, and design, in urban, rural, and suburban regions. Some contend that the invention, production, and utilization of the automobile created the need for a broad network of interstates, while others say that this relationship was formulated the other way around. However, most will agree that the highway is a more efficient means of travel and of transporting goods. Additionally, it creates opportunity for growth along its corridors--from suburbs to shopping malls to rural rest stops, many businesses have boomed due to their proximity to the highway."
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William Least Heat Moon's "Blue Highways", 2007.
Reviews William Least Heat Moon's book, "Blue Highways", about his journey into mind, soul and culture.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes William Least Heat Moon's "Blue Highways", which is an account of his journey along the back roads of the United States. The papers relates that Heat Moon's writing style is so compelling that the reviewer feels as if he is riding along in the passenger seat. A central theme of the story is that, even in Heat Moon's search for his ancestral roots, the only thing that is constant is change.
Table of Contents:
The Adventure
Change: A Constant Theme Throughout
From Beginning to End and Past to Present
From the Paper
"It seems that the looming issues in Heat Moon's life were a major influence on his decision to set out on this journey. After losing his wife to another man and losing his job, he decided to head out on a search for forgotten parts of America and the American experience by traveling the old back roads through old towns. This is an attempt to see passed the superficial nature of modern American culture by connecting with himself and nature by admiring idyllic, and not so idyllic, landscapes."
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The Impact of Railways from 1800-1914, 2003.
A comprehensive analysis of the impact of railways during the period 1800-1914 in the United States and abroad.
2,334 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
With the 20th century, the railroad reached maturity. Railroad building continued on a fairly extensive scale in some parts of the world, notably in Canada, China, India, and the former Soviet Union. This paper discusses how railways conditioned the development of the economy (including industrialization and improvements in agriculture), society (including urbanization and immigration), and politics (in war as well as in peace) in the United States and these four countries during the 19th and early 20th centuries (1800-1914). Paper includes a graphic and table.
From the Paper
"There was a lot of land to be explored in the United States during early 19th century. The survey map shown in Figure 1 below is the earliest in the United States that shows a commercial "tramroad." This map was drawn in Pennsylvania in October 1809 by John Thomson and was entitled "Draft Exhibiting . . . the Railroad as Contemplated by Thomas Leiper Esq. From His Stone Saw-Mill and Quarries on Crum Creek to His Landing on Ridley Creek" In 1873, the Thomson family donated the 1809 map to the Delaware County Institute of Science to substantiate the claim that the map and Leiper's railroad were the first such work in North America (Ward 1980). In 1826 a commercial tramroad had been surveyed and constructed at Quincy, Massachusetts, by Gridley Bryant, with the machinery developed by Solomon Willard. This railway used horsepower to haul granite for building the Bunker Hill Monument from the quarries at Quincy, four miles to the wharf on the Neponset River (Boorstin 1965)."
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Mexican Trucks on US Highways, 2001.
This paper examines some of the major NAFTA provisions and concentrates on specific U.S.-Mexico NAFTA obligations and the current debate about whether or not to allow Mexican trucks and drivers onto U.S. highways.
5,930 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 23 sources, AU$ 227.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects that The North American Free Trade Agreement has had on both the American and Mexican economies as a result of its inception. The author also examines how the U.S. has not abided by all provisions of the NAFTA and the resulting conflict. In doing so, the author addresses the following question: Is allowing Mexican trucks to operate on U.S. highways a safety risk, or an obligation under NAFTA?"
From the Paper
"The North American Free Trade Agreement (hereafter referred to as NAFTA) was created to eliminate tariffs and many non-tariff barriers between its three members: the United States, Mexico and Canada. Many tariffs ended when NAFTA took effect on Jan. 1, 1994; others will be phased out over 15 years. Among NAFTA?s principal objectives, the conflict lies in one of the most important objectives of all: to promote conditions of fair competition in the free trade area. The elimination of trade barriers and the unrestricted facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the parties is a necessity if this objective is to be achieved. However, trade with Mexico since the inception of NAFTA has seemingly been one-sided."
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The Privatization of America's Highways, 2007.
This paper explores privatization as a source of funding for the US highway system.
3,558 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the lack of funding for America's highways. The paper focuses on one of the options being considered; the privatization of the highway system. This research explores the many issues involved in this decision, as well as the viewpoints of opposing sides. The paper examines other solutions proposed and concludes that they are all feasible, given the right situation. The paper stresses that the correct answer will have to be decided on a case-by-case basis.
Outline:
Brief History of Public Roads
The Role of States
Federal Efforts to Build Our Highway System
What is the Answer?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Roads are one of the oldest elements of the infrastructure of any civilization. The first roads to be constructed were nothing more than paths through the wilderness. These paths allowed for easy travel by clearing the way. They also guided the traveler and showed them the way to their destination. Roads were important for the establishment of commerce and the growth of civilization. The US highway system was one of the key elements that allowed for the growth of the wealth of the nation."
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The German Railways, 2003.
A discussion on the history of the German railway system.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the German railway from its inception in 1835. The author tracks its progress in connecting east and west and also reviews the correlation between the railway system and the politics of the country. The paper also explores the reputed railway technology in Germany today.
From the Paper
"On December 7,1835, the first English manufactured train ran from Nurnberg to Furth, Germany. The locomotive was built by Robert Stephenson and Co in Newcastle England, and was first driven by an English engineer, Mr. Willam Wilson. Like the US and English countries the railway system connects all corners of Germany from the east towards the west. With the onwards policies of the German Government to continue building their own railways system, on October 4, 1840, Germany launched its first train on the Munchen Augsburg Eisenbahn Gesellschaft. In 1875, history signaled the unification of the whole of Germany. This time served as the starting point wherein all of the state connected in the country were all interconnected and continuous progress were developed in Germany's railway system until the creation of Deutsche Reischbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft on 1924."
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English Railway History, 2005.
This paper traces the history of England's railways of the Industrial Revolution.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the railways that crossed the English landscape in the nineteenth century. Specifically, the paper reviews the development of the railroad in that nation during the early part of the nineteenth century and also examines the involvement of private business interests in seeing to it that such transportation technology succeeded. Every bit as importantly the paper reviews the vital contribution that the nineteenth century railroad made to Great Britain's industrial pre eminence.
From the Paper
"The nineteenth century in Great Britain (for that matter, the late seventeenth century, as well) saw startling developments in infrastructure. As mechanization grew more and more ubiquitous and advanced and as the need for better roads, canals and railways became more pressing in an age of mass commoditization and mass production, it was inevitable that the transportation arteries of the island would advance in lock-step with what was taking place elsewhere. The following paper will briefly examine England's nineteenth century railroads by examining its development and its vital importance to the building of an industrial power of the first rank. As should become apparent, railroads were (and remain) a feature of the English landscape which speaks to a period in Great Britain's history when it truly was the Workshop of the World."
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Brazilian and Egyptian Music, 2001.
An analyisis of the similarities and differences between traditional Brazilian and Egyptian music.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Brazilian and Egyptian music. A brief history of the two cultures illustrates the development of their music. The paper outlines the primarily European influence on Egyptian music, and the African and European influences on Brazilian music. The Portugeuse influences on early Brazilian music is also discussed. The paper contrasts Brazilian and Egyptian music through their use of instruments, theory, and artists. A brief overview of the development of modern Egyptian and Brazilian music is presented in the paper.
From the Paper
"Traditional Brazilian and Egyptian culture date back centuries, even millennia when considering Egypt?s rich past. Many aspects of their cultures such as dress, language, and government have changed and evolved from their genesis. Two major elements of both these cultures that have been a major part of life are the music and dance. Yet, despite their deep native roots, Brazilian and Egyptian music and dance have been greatly influenced by European and African cultures, thereby creating the blend of today?s modern styles."
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Brazilian Cinema, 2008.
Presents a history of Brazilian cinema with a focus on traditional Latin American themes seen within this history.
9,145 words (approx. 36.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 305.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the major cinematic areas of tradition in Brazilian cinema include cannibalism, hunger, vera cruz and other areas of social and political significance. The paper then takes a look at each of these
Latin American traditions and in an effort to provide an understanding of each tradition in Brazilian filmmaking history. The paper juxtaposes these traditions to the events of the eras in which they emerged and the dual dichotomy of Brazil's political impact on filmmaking, and cinema as an impact on Brazilian society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
The Early Years
Cinema Novo
"Vidas Secas"
"The Guns"
"Garota de Ipanema" (Girl From Ipanema", 1967)
"Terra em Transe" ("Lang in Anguish", 1967)
Third Cinema
Amacio Mazzaropi
1980s - 1990s: A Shift In Brazilian Filmmaking
"At Play in the Fields of the Lord"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The earlier works between 1930 and 1959 were creative, although the costumes relied largely on the actor's own sense of style and resources. This cinema reflected the development that the country was going through, and investment by foreign markets and banks. Between 1956 and 1961 the country experienced growth in economic output and production. Not so different than in America, where this period represented what has often been referred to as the good years for the nuclear family; in Brazil the Brazilian president, Kubitschek promised 50 years of progress in five, and he made good on his promise."
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Brazilian Approach to AIDS, 2001.
This paper discusses the Brazilian approach to fighting AIDS and evaluates the possibility of applying this model to the United States and other countries.
2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the political process that led the Brazilian government to provide persons infected with HIV with the drugs needed to stave off the virus, giving the individual's body time to rebuild its immune system, thus stabilizing the growth of the disease within the population. The author points out that, in Brazil, any patient can walk into a government clinic, certify, and get the drugs made by the government, free of charge; whereas, in the United States, AIDS drugs are provided through the complexity of the health care infrastructure and funded by a variety of methods such as private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and private organizations. The paper relates that the global, commercial drug companies are fighting the Brazilian program because the price of their drugs is 72% higher than the price of the Brazilian drugs produced under the government program. Graphs.
From the Paper
"The search across space and time for a solution to this problem may not have been a conscious thing. The simple glance at a newspaper article can spark the imagination and thus inspire a lesson to be drawn. Certainly, in America, we like to think of ourselves as leaders. When the title of an article proclaims a foreign nation to be a world leader, some attention is owed the topic. The question of whether the program would work in the U.S. or not must be answered second to the question of whether we should even look to Brazil in the first place. Using a matrix used by Richard Rose to test the initial question the answer may be yes."
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The Indiana Belt Line Railway, 2004.
A proposal to improve efficiency on the Indiana Belt Line Railway, while improving market penetration and customer satisfaction.
6,858 words (approx. 27.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 250.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect of developing technology on the changing dynamic of the railroad system and how, although digital and wireless technologies have replaced many positions traditionally filled by staff, thereby causing downsizing, the increased levels of efficiency businesses can pursue has created jobs in new sectors, along with increased revenues. In particular, it looks at the Indiana Belt Line Railway and explores ways to increase productivity and revenue through technological advancement. It also addresses transforming the organizational culture within the Indiana Belt Line Railway in order to transform the performance of the organization.
Outline
Chapter 1: Railroad Policy Analysis
The Changing Dynamic of the Rail Industry
Mergers and Collaborations
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Opportunities Through Technological Advancements
Opportunities Through Equipment Upgrades
Internet Communications
Managing the Change Process
The Consultant?s Work: Lewin?s Model of Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze
From the Paper
"At the end of the 70?s, by the time Congress reacted to the impending financial crisis, another competitor appeared on the horizon. The shipping container industry was slowly coming of age during the second half of the 1970?s decade. By the time the second wave of peacetime economic expansion hit the US during the 1980?s, the rail system was positioned to begin to make up lost ground, but not ready to capitalize on the climbing business cycle. Other businesses have made technological advances during the 60?s and 70?s which bypasses much of the rail industry. As a result, the rail industry was still at a competitive disadvantage. This time it was not due to financial controls, but to outdated equipment, lowered revenues, and degrading facilities and track conditions."
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The Underground Railway, 2006.
An examination of the significance of the Underground Railway and its role in American history in terms of political ideologies and agendas.
3,696 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
Before focusing on the significant role that the Underground Railway played in American history, this paper briefly takes a look at the institution of slavery in early America and its economic importance for the developing country . The paper then explains that the secret network of people that served to free blacks from slavery, known as the Underground Railway Railroad, is significant because it illustrates the division between the states that would later cost so many lives, the power of Americans to fight unjust laws, and the fortitude of a people who struggled to attain their natural human rights. Additionally, the paper also reviews several books on the topic of the Underground Railroad, pointing out both their strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"The specific term "Underground Railroad" did not come into existence until the 1830s. According to legend, a runaway slave named Tice Davis escaped from the slave state of Kentucky into Ohio, and hitched a ride on an underground railroad to escape his owner who was in hot pursuit. It is no coincidence that the first steam-powered locomotive made its appearance in America in the 1830s as well; the idea that a magical train could deliver slaves to salvation had an undeniable appeal to children and adults alike. Yet, the realities of the systems of hideouts and midnight treks were far less glamorous and far more perilous than most ever imagined."
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Afro-Brazilian Dance, 2008.
An analysis of the history and style of various forms of Afro-Brazilian dance.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Afro-Brazilian dance forms. It looks briefly at the history and origins of the dance form and discusses its importance in understanding the culture in Brazil. The paper then focuses on specific forms of Afro-Brazilian dance. It describes each dance form, the occasion in which the dance is used and how it is performed by the dancers.
Table of Contents:
Candomble
Samba
Capoeira
From the Paper
"The Candomble dancing is a ceremonial, religious dance, done during one of the numerous terreiros de candomble scattered throughout the city of Bahaia. Women wear long skirts, usually colored ones. They dance to be respectful to the orixas, or gods. "Each deity represents a given force or element in nature, and has a favourite colour and type of food. Yemanja, for example, is the goddess of the sea, who usually dresses in blue and white. The favourite colour of Oxun, the goddess of beauty, is yellow. In the religious ceremonies, practitioners dress in the colours of the orixas and place food at the altar before singing special songs and dancing precisely choreographed steps to the sacred drums. The anthropomorphic nature of the orixa allows an intimate contact between believer and deity, and the highlight of the Candomble ceremony is the epiphany, or possession, when the orixa takes over the believer's body" (Davis)"
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