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Australian Land: Aborigines vs. Europeans, 2006.
This paper explores the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and the European colonists.
1,998 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Aborigines of Australia who are said to have arrived on the continent over 50,000 years ago, blending into the already existent population and thus creating perhaps the most physically diverse population in the world. This paper details the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and European colonists. The writer of this paper describes how the Aborigines had developed their own society, culture and rules for land ownership which were inexcusably overlooked by the European invaders. When Europe began to encroach upon the territories of the Aborigines, the latter group simply adapted resourcefully and made new claims. This paper explores the various countries and nations that laid claim to Australia, including the Dutch, British and Spain While the Aborigines claimed Australia through ancestral travels, the Dutch and British justified their possession by initial landing rights and the Spanish laid their claim based on religious doctrine. The British extended their claim to the entire continent by 1826 with the stroke of a legislative pen. This writer of this paper describes how the conflict was furthermore exacerbated by the fact that Aborigines and Europeans had differing conceptions of private property.
From the Paper
"Although the Aborigines lived according to such ancient beliefs for thousands of years, their fate would soon be doomed according to a very different system of territorial claims formulated 10000 miles away, in Europe. While the Aborigines justifiably had divided Australian lands into their own territories, the newly 'discovered' continent would soon come into a three-way struggle for possession as Britain, Holland, and Spain each claimed Australia separately, none of these claims based on right of ancestors, but on religious, economic, and political rationales. The Spanish and Portuguese, in search of southern trade routes and the legendary Terra Australis, had touched on the continent of Australia."
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Indigenous Australian Women and Land Rights, 2007.
This paper explores how Indigenous women of Australia are prevented from claiming their right to land.
2,147 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how successful Indigenous women of Australia have been in using the available law and legislation to claim their right to land. To achieve this, the writer examines the available documents from court cases and government agencies, and references what academics and Indigenous women have to say on the matter. Since invasion, Indigenous women have been trapped in a white, western, masculine, hegemonic system, the reason being, the invading society brought with them western European gender concepts to Australia, and these facts will be discussed. The writer argues that these concepts have changed since colonisation, but that Indigenous women's voices are still silenced in Australia.
From the Paper
"There is often a preconception of Indigenous women, that is characterised by the view that men are central actors in society and that their knowledge envelops the social/cultural world, while women are peripheral and acted upon, being the possessors of knowledge that encompasses only a portion of the social/cultural world. The Hindmarsh Island Bridge (Kumarangk) case is a perfect example of this. The Ngarrindjeri women's secret/sacred business was completely dismissed by the western court system. As Scutt points out, "Aboriginal women's business has a longevity going way beyond the existence of anglo-Australian law" . Furthermore, a land claim hearing has the potential to become a lose/lose situation for Indigenous women."
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European vs Aboriginal Attitudes to Land, 2006.
A study of the Aboriginal rights to look after the land of Australia.
2,103 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author questions the right of the "white" Europeans to take over and destroy the good soil of Australia.He questions the actions of the white Australians and highlights the history and rights of the Aborigines to his land, quoting many sources. The paper concludes that the Aborigines know the land better and he justifies their right to look after the land and not let it be destroyed.
From the Paper
" The problem with those of us who consider ourselves "civilized" and "up to date" is that we specialize, first in genocide, then in the rape of nature, and then create new specialties to repair the damage. Before the Europeans came, the Aborigines had no worries about the Ozone layer, or mastering a driver's test. Cricket, to them, was the sound of Nature at work, not some distant test match."
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Aboriginal Land Claims, 2008.
This paper explains the link between the First Nations' land claims and their Aboriginal culture.
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the First Nations land claims, an ongoing saga in Canadian political and legal circles, are as a result of the Aboriginal culture's different attitudes towards land and property. The paper refers to the book "Green Grass Running Water" by Thomas King and shows how it partly reflects the differences between Aboriginal and white Canadian society in their distinct understandings of land and property.
Outline:
Introduction
Distinct Cultures, Distinct Concepts
The Roots of Difference
Lost in Translation
From the Paper
"One of the fascinating aspects of the interaction of First Nations culture and European settler culture in the early years of Canada was how the two peoples often seemed to be speaking as "cross purposes" to one another. This applies particularly to the concept of land and its use. While both First Nations peoples and European settlers saw the land as a resource that could be used to support human survival, the First Nations peoples seem to have been surprised at the devastation the European settlers imposed on the environment that had supported Aboriginal populations for centuries."
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Inquiry into the Deaths of Australian Aborigines, 2001.
An analysis of three commissions' inquiry into the deaths of Australian aborigines in custody.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at three major police commissions of inquiry into the New South Wales police service during the 20th century: the commission into aboriginal deaths in custody, the Commission into the Inquiry of the NSW police administration, also known as the Fitzgerald report, and the Wood Royal commission. The recommendations of these reports are discussed, including whether or not these recommendations were implemented.
From the Paper
"Three major commissions of the twentieth century have been the commission into aboriginal deaths in custody, the Commission into the Inquiry of the NSW police administration, also known as the Fitzgerald report, and the Wood Royal commission. These commissions have made many different recommendations pertaining to particular matters. These recommendations are implemented in order to reform existing practices and to transform them into practices that are to be acceptable to both government, community and all other parties involved. Various recommendations that have been made regarding these issues have had a central focus and common ground. Although these recommendations are issued, there is no guarantee that government will implement these recommendations and other recommendations that have been implemented are often not sustained in both legislature and other bodies. Some recommendations require legislative change and some can be applied very quickly while others require more time in order to change laws and acts. It is the government?s onus to implement these recommendations. Numerous recommendations arising from these commissions are undesirable to the government, so the adoption of these recommendations is often slow or they are not adopted at all."
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Australian Aborigines and Modern Society, 1995.
Examines the problems related to land rights, traditions and cultural conflict, health, employment and the role of government.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 28 sources, AU$ 102.95
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From the Paper
"AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES: TRANSITION TO MODERN SOCIETY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE WALBIRI CLAN
Introduction
This research examines the transition of the Australian Aborigines to modern society. Where appropriate, an emphasis in this examination is placed on the experience of the Walbiri Clan. Walbiri is but one of the Anglicized spelling of the clan name.. Other spellings of the clan name widely used in the literature are Walpiri and Warlpiri.
The findings of this examination are presented in two major discussions. Issues related to land rights are addressed in the first discussion, while cultural factors are considered in the second discussion.
Issues Related to Land Rights ..."
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Aboriginal Australian Art, 2006.
This paper discusses the difficulty of understanding Aboriginal Australian art.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the range of motifs used in Central Australian rock art depends upon the context of production; however, sacred and secret art is almost exclusively made up of geometric designs and tracks; while art in secular, domestic situations places more emphasis on figurative motifs. The author points out that Aboriginal Australian art, which spans all of pre-recorded history, is an expression of secrecy and the eternal. The paper explains that, as with other Aboriginal artistic systems, there was a range of secret geometric designs, such as the stripes and dots of white clay, red and yellow ochre and black charcoal that were painted on wooden objects, which could only be viewed by initiated men and were hidden away from domestic sites.
From the Paper
"Many of the bark and cave paintings have no ceremonial or religious function, but are produced for pure pleasure of creative effort, a pleasure which stimulates the true artist in all cultures. There are paintings, both on bark and in caves, which have more important functions. In the initiation rituals, secret designs, painted on sheets of bark, instruct the novitiates in the esoteric myths of the tribe, and, in western Arnhem Land, where some of the cave paintings have magical qualities, the old men can, by chanting the correct incantation at the appropriate season, force the magical power of the painting to increase the supply of food."
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Australian Aboriginal Children's Service, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study service provision to Australian Aboriginal children under the age of six years old with intellectual disability.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that social work in Australia, specifically in relation to intellectually disabled children under the age of six years old, is an area of services provision that yet has to achieve its maximum potential. The author points out that the proposed study design will be interpretive in nature utilizing a questionnaire for data collection, which will be coded, grouped and tabulated for analysis. The paper relates that the research will be used to identify specific unmet needs and for developmental planning to meet these needs, which is critical in Australia. The paper includes a figure and several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Identification of Stakeholders
Literature Review
Figure: Unmet Needs of Intellectually Disabled Children and Their Families
Methodology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One type of intellectual disability is related in the work entitled: "The Too-Hard Basket: Education for People who are Deafblind". The authors, Bidenko and James states that there are more than 70 known causes of deaf-blindness, with each cause brining a unique set of needs for the individual. Unfortunately, it is also related that the provision of education of children who are congenitally deaf-blind in Australia, can over the past 2 or 3 decades, be compared with that prior to 1750, of people who were deaf. Another problem that is noted in the country of Australia is the fact that approximately one in four parents was informed of their child's diagnosis by the time their child was three years old. Half the parents had been informed by the time their child was four and a half."
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Government Policies on Australian Aboriginal Health, 2001.
A look at past and present Australian government policies that address the issue of Aboriginal Health.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines past and present Australian Government policies which have impacted and been implemented to address the issue of Aboriginal Health. The author also examines issues such health issues, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide.
From the Paper
'The status of Aboriginal health in Australia is currently at critical levels ? much money needs to be injected and considerable work needs to be done to tackle such important health issues as diabetes, mental disorders, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide. Along with this, many other related issues need to be addressed, such as the stolen generation, native title, preservation of cultural identity and the topic of reconciliation. The outlook for the future is improving however, in that the government and Aboriginal groups are working together towards a positive outcome through the implementation of innovative government policies aimed at tacking the core issues affecting Aboriginal communities around Australia."
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Australian Aboriginal Art, 1999.
Discusses the major concepts of this cultural art. Looks at the issues of Dreamtime, the role of the art and the media involvement. Analyzes motifs, figures and designs.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 102.95
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From the Paper
" The art of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia constitutes one of the most consistent, and longest, art traditions in the world. Despite an enormous diversity of artistic practices throughout the continent, all Aboriginal art has been inherently religious in nature and most has worked from the seemingly abstract, extremely complex iconographic system that is still employed today. Though art may be designed for a variety of social, didactic, or utilitarian purposes, the Aboriginal belief in the pervasiveness of meaning throughout creation has meant that no person, place, animal or thing is without religious significance. Thus the representation of any aspect of the world, in any medium, at any level of abstraction, for any purpose is guided by the artists' understanding of what is represented. Art can have both private and public meanings. But.."
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Australian Aborigine, 1993.
Examines biological and cultural adaptations, traits, populations and dysfunctional aspects.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
"Mankind has evolved through the ages due in large part to biological cultural adaptation that have allowed his to survive environmental factors. The purpose of this paper will be to examine one group, the Australian Aborigine, discussing the combination of biological and cultural adaptations that have permitted these people to live and flourish in harsh and primitive conditions through the centuries until the arrival of the White Man. Included in this analysis will be a look at any dysfunctional aspects of their adaptations, such as genetic load, self-destructive customs. Further, the report will summarize key differences between their biological and cultural evolutions and conclude with my thoughts as to which is the more significant for the Aborigine's future in Australia.
Like all peoples, the Aborigines have a history, though ..."
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"Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?", 2008.
An analysis of Murray Weidenbaum's arguments regarding globalization in his T.S. Eliot Lecture, delivered at the University of London in January of 2002, entitled "Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?"
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques Murray Weidenbaum's T.S. Eliot Lecture, delivered at the University of London in January of 2002, entitled "Globalization: Wonder land or Waste Land?" The paper discusses Weidenbaum's arguments in favor of globalization and the benefits that can be achieved for the world as a whole, by utilizing it to its full potential.
From the Paper
"Given Weidenbaum's professional background and admitted bias, it is admirable that he manages to do precisely this - look at both the bright side and the dark side. His approach and suggestions are so realistic and pragmatic, and so unbiased, that it is hard to imagine that any but the most rabid fanatic on either side of the debate would not admit that he makes a valuable contribution with this speech. The strength of the speech derives from two aspects - the fact that he does manage to look at both sides, and that his suggestions have the refreshing ring of being attainable in the real world."
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Land of Dreams, Land of Troubles, 2004.
Traces the history of Japanese immigration to America, focusing on those who settled in California.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the end of the Meiji period in Japan and the beginning of the country's modern period (1867-1912), which ultimately led to Japanese seeking their fortunes in the West, especially the United States. It traces the history of these immigrants, their impact on the economy, and the pitfalls they encountered in the form of racism and discriminatory laws. This anti-Japanese feeling reached its peak in 1941 with the Japanese invasion on Pearl Harbour and the internment of all Japanese-Americans on the West Coast of the United States. The paper also looks at how the American government has since awarded reparations to those interned and how descendants of Japanese immigrants fare today in American society.
From the Paper
"While many Japanese back in Japan initially waxed enthusiastic about the United States and its culture, the feeling in America was hardly mutual. As was typical of majority White America?s relations with Non-Whites, Japanese immigrants were scorned, and their culture denigrated. First, the United States had passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. This was followed by restrictive measures against the Japanese. As Californians and other West Coast White Americans clamored to stop the flow of Japanese to their region, the American Government relied on a rather ingenious and disingenuous clause in its commercial treaty with Japan to staunch the flow of Japanese Labor by refusing to issue permits for their travel to the Mainland. The Japanese, along with the Chinese, were called the ?Yellow Peril,? their competition for American jobs and resources keeping these jobs and resources from ?real? Americans."
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Aboriginal Myth in Arnhem Land, 2008.
The author discusses the importance of the study of the Aboriginals and their culture in the field of anthropology.
710 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Aboriginals of Australia are central to defining anthropology and to our understanding of what anthropology can say about modern man. The paper goes on to discuss how Aboriginal religion affects every aspect of Aboriginal society and how Aboriginal paintings are a expression of their religion. Lastly, the paper relates that the very survival of indigenous Aboriginal culture in Australia is a source of concern for many people for a wide variety of reasons.
From the Paper
"Aboriginal paintings are expressions of aboriginal religion, of the Dreamtime, the recollection of the collective common story of these peoples. One of the remarkable features of this art is that virtually every aboriginal artist adheres to the same customs and conventions. This reflects that fact that art to aboriginals is not something that individuals do. It is a reflection of their common culture. While many individual artists may have different dreams and visions, the expression of their culture is so tightly bound to a common outlook and attitude that the commonality of the artwork is often more striking than the individuality (Price-Williams & Gaines). "
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Aborigines & Pueblo Indians, 1999.
Compares Australian & North American groups' relationships to physical environment.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 204.95
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From the Paper
"The aborigines of Australia will be compared with the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States in terms of their relationship to their respective physical environments. It must be remembered that such a comparison will be necessarily general, for neither group is a homogeneous one with pristine, uniform cultural processes. The ?Pueblo Indians? is actually a misleading term which refers to peoples speaking four distinct languages and engaging in a continuum of cultural practices. The ?aboriginal cultures? of Australia, as well, refer to many groups of people dispersed across a large continent, who may have had little or no regular contact.
The difficulty is compounded by the fact of European contact and settlement in the midst of these cultures. Although present day practices can be used to infer traditional, pristine ones, such.."
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"The Mardu Aborigines" ( Robert Tonkinson ), 1999.
Reviews this fieldwork account of a group from Western Australia.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
Reviews this fieldwork account of a group from Western Australia. Examines history, migration, European influence, rituals and myth.
From the Paper
"The Mardu Aborigines
Bob Tonkinson is an Australian with considerable experience in working with aboriginal peoples from the Western region of Australia. This book is an updated account of the Mardu people, an indigenous Australian people who Tonkinson did fieldwork with both during the early contact phase, and later, when contact with Australian culture had begun to fracture their own culture.
That culture had its roots in the Dreamtime, that specifically Australian cosmological system that incorporates myth, ritual, and prescriptions for daily living in its framework. Living the Dream, which is one of the chapters in Tonkinson's book, is essentially what the Mardus' life is all about. The focus of that life, the centering and grounding principle, is the relationship of the human being to the ..."
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