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Australia's Trade Policy, 1999.
In context of regional & international economic theory. Looks at the barriers to free trade, policy objectives, Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Initiative, examples and the future.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 21 sources, AU$ 127.95
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From the Paper
"AUSTRALIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY: THE APEC INITIATIVE
Introduction
This research examines the role of Australia in the international political economy focusing on Australia?s objectives in relation to the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Initiative. Australia?s role in APEC began in 1989 when the country began the push for the Initiative. APEC, although initially established for consultative purposes, has evolved into an 18-country body with an institutional framework and an agenda to promote trade and facilitate investment. The evolution of the country?s objectives since that time is considered, as are the prospects of attaining these objectives.
The Relevant Trade Issues.."
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Australian International Trade: External Policy and Deficit, 2000.
A look at the export and import trade in Australia and the problems they face.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the Australian International Trade: The External Policy. It contains researched materials about:
(1) the constraints on Australian exports; (2) future exports growth; (3) the costs associated with imports (fully explained); (4) imports that could be produced in Australia; and (5) the effects of Australian businesses pushing to market their products. This essay also outlines the problems Australia faces in terms of international trade, and the effects it has on the Current Account Deficit (CAD). It also has some well-researched forecasts as to the exports that can and will be increased and the imports that can be reduced.
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Social Policy in Australia, 2007.
This paper analyzes the efficiency of the current delivery of social policy in Australia.
3,249 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a brief discussion of the definition of social policy and then traces the history of the development of welfare policy in Australia. To analyse how efficiently the current delivery of social policy achieves its goal, the paper focuses on the two key welfare policy areas of education and employment. The paper argues that in these key policy areas, the delivery of social policy does not completely fulfil its social goals and aims. The paper contends that social policy is shaped by changing needs and values, thus the delivery of welfare must reflect these changes to ensure efficient and effective social policy.
From the Paper
"In its common form as it is most often applied, 'social policy' has connotations of equality through the provision of welfare and the redistribution of resources (Graycar & Jamrozik 1993, p. 54). This definition is further extended by McClelland (2006a, p. 7), who adds that social policy involves debates about values, and assumptions of the behaviour of members of a society. The scope of social policy is broad, in that there are a wide-range of factors which influence it. This can include factors such as economic, political, and historical contexts (Jones 1996, p. 30; McClelland 2006a, p. 18). Economic policy, for example, often determines the resource allocation aspects of social welfare policy (Smyth 1994, p. 39). Given this broad scope of social policy, social welfare should be viewed not in isolation, but as part of the broader contexts of a society. This is an important point to consider, as this often affects the aims of a social policy goal, and also the effectiveness of social policy as an instrument."
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Expansionary Monetary Policy in Australia and the USA, 2002.
An overview of various instruments of monetary policy, and an examination of why Australia and USA adopted an expansionary monetary policy in 2001.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with a general explanation of monetary policy and in what situations expansionary monetary policy should be used. This is further discussed by involving the role of interest rates and economic strength of the country, relating to most recent statistics.
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is the ?attempt to moderate the business cycle and control inflation by changing the quantity of money in circulation to change interest rates? (McTaggart et al, 1999: 27.2). In another words, it is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)?s attempt to change the quantity of money and interest rates so as to affect aggregate demand and, ultimately, equilibrium real GDP and the price level. McDonald defines monetary policy as the government?s policy on setting the level of the money supply (1996: 149)."
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Australia's Foreign Policy, 2004.
An analysis of the the foreign policies of Australia.
1,366 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and evaluates the foreign policies of Australia, a major member of the international community. The paper forms part of the overall effort by research analysts under the National Interests and Foreign Policies group in advising member countries of the international community on how a new international system is developing. It covers Australia's foreign policy in the last ten years, its projected direction in the next five years, and the reactions of other major member countries and the international community to its foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Australia is the smallest continent in the world, isolated from the other continents and has a wide variety of landscapes. It was founded by the British in 1788 and first named it as Sydney. Its original inhabitants, called the Aborigines, were only a few hundred thousands before large groups of Europeans began arriving and settling there, particularly after the discovery of gold in the mid-19th century. After two centuries of discrimination and expropriation, the Aborigines were reduced as few as 60,000. Today, 99% of Australia's population is European or Asian, while the descendants of the indigenous Australians must contend with high unemployment rates, imprisonment and drug abuse charges."
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Macroeconomic Policy in Australia, 2003.
An analysis of the change from a Keynesian economic policy towards a microeconomic focus during the 1980's in Australia.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This essay analyses the economic reforms carried out during the 1980's and 1990's in Australia. The essay looks at the reasons for the changes as well as the impacts of such reforms. Finally, the essay questions whether such reforms worked to benefit the Australian economy and people. During the 1980?s and 1990?s, the institutions of economic governance changed in response to poor economic performance, globalisation, and technological developments. The major change was a shift from Keynesian economic policy to microeconomic policy. The purpose of this essay is to examine the impacts of liberal reforms and to address any continuing questions.
From the Paper
"During the 1980?s and 1990?s, there were various changes carried out. One such change was a decline in tariff protection. In 1974, the Whitlam Government announced a 25% across the board tariff cut (Quiggin, 1996), followed by the Hawke labour government further reducing tariffs to 5% over a period ending in 1992 (Quiggin, 1996). In 1993, Paul Keating effectively enacted a zero tariff campaign. Apart from several troubled sectors such as textiles and car manufacturing, the zero tariff result was achieved under the Howard government in the last years of the century (Brennan & Pincus, 2002). Following the recommendations of the Campbell and Martin Committees of Inquiry, another microeconomic reform occurred in October 1983, with the floating of the Australian dollar."
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Australia's Assimilation Policy, 2007.
This paper examines the Australian government's assimilation policy and its effect on indigenous Australians.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the Australian assimilation policy is not only racist, but designed so indigenous people would fail at assimilation. The paper discusses the "stolen generation" and illustrates how non-indigenous Australians design policies with little real regard for indigenous Australians. The paper examines the genocide of indigenous Australians and their deaths in custody.
From the Paper
"Since the European invasion until very recently, Australian government policy relating to Indigenous people has been designed and implemented by non-Indigenous people. The common justification for most policies for Indigenous Australians was that they were "for their own good" . There have been policies of "protection, assimilation, self-determination and reconciliation". It is now clear that none of these policies have actually made the conditions of Australia's Indigenous people any better than they were prior to the invasion."
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Australia's Defense Policy, 2008.
A look at whether the Australian Defense Force should operate primarily on a regional or international scale.
1,882 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how under Australia's regionally based defense policy, the country's ability to help in global war and peacekeeping efforts are very limited. The paper supports Australia's revised policy of a widening defence system that includes defence on the regional scale but also a global defence against terrorism and other threats faced by countries in today's world.
From the Paper
"Australia is in a fairly unusual position regarding its position and geography. The country, located on a continent of its own, is physically isolated from other countries and other continents. As such, the country's defence policies of the past have focused primarily upon protecting Australia on a regional basis. Phenomena such as the development of electronic communication and globalization has however necessitated greater interaction between countries. The result is that no country can any longer operate in isolation. This poses a particular challenge for countries such as Australia, who are used to operating mainly on a regional basis, particularly where their defence policy is concerned."
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National Environmental Policies in Australia, 2006.
A review of major national environmental policy-making institutions and policies in Australia.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how Australia is currently confronted with vital problems jeopardizing the condition of the environment and weakening its economic and social development. The paper reports how the important concerns are the conditions of the soil, water and the likely effect of changes in climatic conditions due to greenhouse gases.
From the Paper
"Yet another issue is that although Australia is the driest continent on this planet, it ranks fifth on the per capita consumption of water in the world. Per day average household consumption of water is estimated to be nearly 300 liters, which is double the worldwide average. Half of the domestic water usage is spent on watering of household gardens. The increased levels of water consumption due to rising populations and more water usage in homes is untenable, considering the reality that drawing out water from several catchments are reaching capacity levels. Even prior to the recent droughts, several catchment levels were at their unprecedented low as compared to their net potential. Whereas the water policy of 'pay as per use' has lessened or contained the demand of water since the bygone decade in majority of the principal capital cities, the argument goes on regarding the practicality of these policies on a more broad based manner. (Sustaining Australia sustainable development issues facing Australia to 2025)
In another effort to deal with the environmental problems, the Australian Government passed the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act during 1999 in a wide-ranging initiative to delineate the environmental task of the Commonwealth in keeping with its consciousness of the environmental problems which the nation is presently passing through, inclusive of the urban air quality and pollution problems. The law took a leap in attempting to harmonize National, State and Territory measures to safeguard the environment, giving Commonwealth leadership with due respect to State and Territory control. Nevertheless, environmental headway for Australia continues to be sluggish due to want of unambiguous leadership at the federal level. "
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Free Trade vs. Managed Trade, 2002.
A comparison of free trade to managed trade in today's global economy.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the values of free trade to managed trade. It begins by defining trade and identifying the ideal trade. The paper argues that free trade is the best policy to increase prosperity and equality in a capitalist society. It describes managed trade as the current situation, as tariffs and trade policy try to create fair grounds for commerce between two nations, as seen through the example of Japan and the United States. The writer states that protectionist policies, as used in managed trade, have been the anthem of the past and have led to war and conflict.
From the Paper
"Trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries. In order for trade to be successful, both sides must perceive that they benefit from the exchange, or the trade will not take place. In a perfect world, both parties go away from the trade happy that they have ridded themselves of something of which they have surplus, and gained something of value to them. However, in the real world, this does not happen all of the time and one party or the other walks away feeling ?cheated.?
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Free Trade/ Fair Trade, 2007.
An argumentative essay on the benefits of fair trade over free trade.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how those that promote free trade claim that overall production and profit is the highest good, and define efficiency and success as the ability to produce great quantities and great profit with a business. Those in support of fair trade, however, point out that productivity itself is not a good, but is only useful inasmuch as it improves the lives of the mass of people. The paper examines whether
countries should be allowed to protect their industries with tariffs or control them with regulations, despite the concerns or desires of other countries.
From the Paper
"Of these two arguments, Morris' is by far the most convincing, in part because he is far more holistic in his analysis of the situation. Irwin focuses primarily on the over-all financial gains for nations, but does not specify who those gains go to. Though he seems to believe that an overall per capita increase in national product will raise national standards of living, he seldom produces evidence to this effect and does not take into consideration that what may be true for one nation, such as Japan, would not be true for another nation which was emerging from a long history of serious economic depression (such as former colonies). Moreover, he seems to confuse personal well being with the well being of the international money market."
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The World Trade Organization And Trade Policies, 2002.
Examines the effects of the WTO on government trade policies in many countries such as China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization has an effect on developing governmental policies concerning trade in many countries such as China.
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Trade Spaces in "Trading Spaces", 2002.
A representation of hegemonic masculinity in the popular television series "Trading Spaces".
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
The textual analysis of the TV series "Trading Spaces" explores the possibility of interchanging gender roles in this home improvement showcase. A strong case is built on the unchanging male hegemony. However, the paper shows that the series does focus, in a particular way, on issues of gender and power, and especially on the supposedly changing nature of masculinity. Provides limitless examples from the show to exemplify gendered television.
From the Paper
"Since its launch in September 2000 as a late-afternoon show, Trading Spaces has regularly scored a 2 or 3 household rating in its universe in prime time, according to Neilson Media Research data, peaking one Saturday evening in April at a 3:2 for an episode featuring the Dixie Chicks. With that all-time household record for TLC, Trading Spaces also beat out all broadcast networks in delivery of adults 18-49 that night (the network regularly ranks in the top 10 of all cable networks in delivery of adults 18-49 and adults 25-54). By the conclusion of its third season, Trading Spaces will have taped 65 new episodes compared to last season?s 40, and can be seen in 70 million homes in America, and internationally in Canada, Japan, Australia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Foege)."
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Environmental Policy: The Australian Experience, 2003.
A look at several problem areas preventing the adoption or formulation of effective environmental policy in Australia.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
There are numerous constraining factors that burden the process of forming an effective environmental policy in Australia. This paper discusses how clashing values and ideas prevent the formulation and implementation of coherent environmental policy in Australia. It looks at how Australia's over-reliance on a resource-based economy, federalist framework and failing policy processes often converge to create conjecture in the environmental arena. The conclusion is a brief summary, which reflects that the conflict and ambiguity plaguing environmental policy in Australia is the direct result of a confusion of ideas.
From the Paper
"A quick review of environmental policy in Australia reveals the extent of confusion surrounding the issue, this confusion can be partially attributed to Australia's dependence on and sometimes exploitation of its natural resources to generate revenue (Eckersley, 1996:89). This utilitarian trend began with European settlement and originated from the developmentalist approach to land management (Walker, 1999:24-5). An approach that fails to recognise the value of nature beyond that which is appropriate for development such as mining, logging and other economically productive practices (Aplin, 1998:173). Developmentalism comes at an immense cost to the environment; large portions of Australia's woodlands and forests have already been destroyed in the relentless pursuit of economic growth. "
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Australian Monetary Policy, 2005.
A paper on the Australian monetary policy devised by the Reserve Bank of Australia.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an outline and critical appraisal of the Reserve Bank of Australia's rationales for the current stance of Australian monetary policy. The paper concludes that the current stance of Australian monetary policy calls for a comprehensive analysis of various economic indicators governing Australia vis-a-vis the global economy, with the goal of continually striving for the maintenance of sustainable economic growth.
Introduction
GDP
Labor Market
Consumer Prices and Inflation
Business and Financial Conditions
Forex Market and Balance of Payment
Resource Exports
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The continual decline of the US dollar, as has been witnessed recently, might have been a matter of serious concern in the International Financial Market, but the tightening of the monetary policy and the financial markets by the US Federal Reserve is seen as a transitory step toward economic recovery. However, it is a positive sign that the Australian dollar's movement against a host of other floating currency has been modest. Even the performance of the Australian labor market in the recent months, which indicates the unemployment rate declining to its lowest level since the 1970s, deserves appreciation."
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European Foreign Policy, 2005.
Compares Europe's foreign policy to that of other nations.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
Generally speaking, the EU does not have foreign policy priorities among its objectives, primarily because they can conflict with one another. This paper determines how the European Union's foreign policy differs from the foreign policy of a single nation state such as Australia or a global power such as the U.S.A. The paper also examines whether the EU has a consistent set of objectives in relations with its non-members.
From the Paper
"It is difficult for the EU to speak with one voice on foreign policy as there are many obstacles to a unified EU foreign policy. A foreign policy that is formulated at the EU level will often be insignificant as it will be based on the lowest common denominator, or basically what the most reluctant complying member can accept. The goals of EU foreign policy will be limited by member state sensitivities designed to not offend their interests. This was evident in the EU policy towards Iraq in 2003 as EU states were divided and could only agree on inconsequential declarations based around the sensitivities of competing members".
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