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Are Audiences Active?, 2006.
A discussion on the role of the audience in entertainment.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of some audience ratings systems and the integral part an audience plays in the creative process for entertainers and the marketing techniques of advertisers.
Introduction
Overview of Audience Ratings Systems
Other Types of Audience Research
It Takes Two to Tango in the Theater
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Advertisers and marketing specialists are constantly seeking the Holy Grail of Sales: what will compel the average consumer to purchase a particular product or service, or to watch a television show or attend a movie. The question of what motivates a consumer to buy challenges the imagination and ingenuity of every type of industry which has an audience and presses research specialists forward into new fields of investigation. "Motivational research, for example, attempts to probe the unconscious impulses that motivate buying decisions; advertising agencies then utilize these findings to influence the consumer and to attempt to break down sales resistance.""
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"Say it Loud! African American Audiences, Media and Identity", 2003.
A review of "Say it Loud! African American Audiences, Media and Identity" by Robin Coleman.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Coleman's book and the African American audience response to various media treatment. The paper explores specific TV shows. It explores the themes of the 10 essays of the book. The author also mentions images of African American culture and their social context of meaning.
From the Paper
""Say it Loud! African American Audiences, Media and Identity," edited by Robin R. Means Coleman is an up to date published in examination of African American audiences and their response to how the various media, TV, movies, music, radio, comics, print, cyberspace ..."
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TV Audiences and Media Theory, 2008.
This paper provides a case study of a television audience at Bloor & Lansdowne, Toronto.
3,516 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the study of the mass media and notably television continues to involve a great deal of theory-building. The writer remarks that as Ien Ang points out, much that is theorized or assumed features a large cultural and conceptual gap between television audiences and observing scholars or others to analyze them. The writer maintains that one also needs to bear in mind the care that should be taken to examine particular phenomena, ensuring that one's assumptions are not wholly shaped by theory. The writer further reveals that Ulf Hannerz pointed out how the day of globalization has prompted approaches that are global and also local, in term of continuity and change. Perhaps at no time has it been so important to ensure that one does observe what one is discussing, in terms of local and particular phenomenon. The writer notes that this is played out in this paper's case study.
Outline:
Introduction
An Ethnography of Public TV Viewing
Reflections on TV Audience Freedom
'The Heavy Viewer'
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"In a somewhat shabby area, Ciro's offers a kind of oasis in a well-run, almost upscale facility of reasonable prices. The premises have involved a tavern of some kind for many years catering to a working class area of much early 20th century row housing, most of it quite simple, streets of less costly detached housing and few amenities of kinds appealing to upscale consumers. It is a neighbourhood beset by visible petty crime but also an array of churches, mosques and temples, a low-cost area chosen by diverse new Canadians and others since the 1980s. The management of Ciro's welcome customers of every imaginable social class and background providing that patrons are agreeably behaved, distinct from the same areas large crack cocaine culture whose members are catered to by other drinking establishments. Ciro's was chosen for observation for its feature of both educated and uneducated patrons and for its eternal television screen, forever on, at all hours, usually showing news-feeds or other material of local interest. Large TV screens are situated behind the bar that takes up the establishment's east wall and suspended from the ceiling at the centre of the area used by customers who both stand or make use of tables. The culture of Ciro's is remarkably democratic apart from firm rules against customers who are rude, potentially dangerous, apt to conduct drug deals on site or who otherwise cannot participate in the friendly cooperative attitude that is shared by customers."
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?Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences?, 2002.
Analyzes this book by D. Croteau and H. Hoyneson on the role of the media in society.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
D. Croteau and H. Hoynes?s 1997 "Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences" reminds us of a number of truths by examining the institutional structures of mass media organizations, including the role that we as an audience serve. The paper shows that the book's goal is not to blame the mass media for every ill in society, nor to hold them up as bright shining beacons. Instead the goal of the book is to demystify the media, to remind us that television, no less or more than Congress or churches or rap music, is part of a cultural whole that is constantly changing. The paper shows that the authors continually argue for the importance of studying the mass media on the grounds that these are indeed fundamentally important institutions to our society and that no holistic or thorough understanding of contemporary American society is possible without an understanding of the structures and roles of the mass media.
From the Paper
"And yet most Americans are also probably oblivious at some level to the ways in which their sources of entertainment are funded, possibly because we find all those ads annoying, possibly because we would all just rather not think about how much influence is being bought along with airtime or advertising space (Robinson and Kohut, 1988, p. 174). The relationship between people who produce the content of a mass medium ? writers, reporters, graphic artists, website designers ? and those who pay for it in terms of their advertising dollars is an uneasy one and reputable mass media fight constantly for editorial independence (Croteau and Hoynes, 1997, p. 61)."
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The Role of the Audience in Writing, 2004.
Considers the importance and function of the audience in writing.
3,274 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
Writing is a means of communicating in which communication refers to the process of creating shared understanding. For the person communicating, there is a need to consider who will be receiving the message and to ensure that this message can be both received and understood. The paper shows, therefore, that the writer needs to consider the audience. It explains that the writer must consider several aspects, including choosing appropriate language, achieving clarity, and getting the audience?s attention. In addition, the paper shows that writing forms and writing rules also take into account the needs of the writer. Finally, the paper shows that the writer can consider audience at any of the stages of writing and describes the process of determining the audience.
From the Paper
"Form also meets the needs of the audience in the formal structure of the essay. The essay represents a form where information is provided in logical order, with this helping the audience achieve clarity. The introduction works by providing a general overview of the topic. This identifies the subject for the reader so that they are eased into the subject. The introduction then usually offers a brief description of what will be covered in the essay. This gives the reader an idea of where they are going, which helps with achieving understanding. The body of the essay is then structured with each major idea or argument occurring in a separate paragraph. This helps with clarity as it separates ideas so they can be fully understood. The conclusion then summarizes what has been argued and restates the introduction. The end result is a logical structure that leads the reader through the essay. This is another example of how form and structure have been created with audience in mind. By following these forms, writers then meet the needs of the audience."
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Audience in Alfred Hitchcock?s "The Lodger", 2004.
Discusses the role of the audience in the plot of "The Lodger".
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly shows how the audience is part of the social problem that perpetuates the murders in "The Lodger". "The Lodger" is a silent movie by Hitchock, and the paper explains how the audience was included in the film, both explicitly and subtly, in specific characters and scenes. It explains that the presence of the movie audience itself and the popularity of the film attest to a societal interest in murder.
From the Paper
"The Lodger was Hitchcock?s first suspense thriller and his first great commercial success (Wood 27). This correlation is perhaps no coincidence. Hitchcock?s treatment of the movie audience on screen suggests he understood their interests in murder. The novel, by Marie Belloc Lowndes, from which the screenplay was based, was a treatment of the true, popular case of the notorious English murderer, Jack the Ripper (Spoto 84). What drew the popular appeal to the Jack the Ripper case draws the film?s newspaper readers, radio listeners and bystanders in view of the electric news sign to stories about the Avenger. The audience?s draw to The Lodger cannot be separated from what draws the crowds to the Avenger murders."
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"Hamlet" and the Elizabethan Audience, 2003.
Covers the character of "Hamlet" and his actions in regards to the views and values of the Shakespearean audience.
1,331 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This is a literary essay that discusses William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" and how the character of Hamlet would have been perceived by an Elizabethan audience. The paper contends that, in the eyes of an Elizabethan audience, Hamlet is a failure, both as an avenger and as a human being.
From the Paper
"In William Shakespeare?s play Hamlet the central character, Prince Hamlet of Denmark and heir to the throne has a personality that is often considered flawed. He possesses several negative attributes that would have given the Elizabethan audience of the time good reason to find him failing as a human being and as an avenger. However, there is evidence throughout the text that suggests Hamlet is not a total failure as a human being and avenger. To draw a conclusion, one must explore Hamlet?s character and analyze his actions throughout the course of the play."
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The Audience for "Sex and the City", 2007.
A discussion of the intended target audience for the television series "Sex and the City."
5,229 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 209.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the television series "Sex and the City" on several different levels. First the paper describes various methods of audience analysis. Then it examines moral issues of television, such as role models for youth. "Sex in the City" is further described as appealing to the young, beautiful, and fabulous crowd that ranges in age from the early twenties to the mid-thirties, thus expressing the ideals of society's dominant culture. The author illustrates how the show can be analyzed from the coded and encoded messages it contains. The author concludes that the series had a long life due to its ability to tackle relevant social issues and to create conflict and controversy.
From the Paper
" Stuart hall was a major research figure at the Birmingham School. He felt that the mass media was an important element of capitalist culture, because it allowed a structure for organization of society's experience (Tomlinson, 1991). Hall viewed media messages as open to having multiple meanings and interpretations by the audience. The message received by the audience, "is influenced by the context and culture of the receivers" (McQuail, 2000, p. 56). The encoding/decoding model views the audience as an active participant in the message, rather than a passive recipient of knowledge. "
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The Poet's Audience, 2002.
An analysis of poetry and its intended audience.
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses three poems composed by three different poets, Wordsworth, Springsteen and Hughes. Through these works, the writer examines who the poet addresses. This paper illustrates how every poem has a dual audience for the thoughts expressed, with a primary entity being addressed in the poem itself, and with the reader a secondary entity addressed by the poem as a whole.
From the Paper
"Poetry is a personal expression of thought and emotion, and the issue is raised concerning to whom the poet addresses the poem. Every poem has a dual audience for the thoughts expressed, with a primary entity being addressed in the poem itself, and with the reader a secondary entity addressed by the poem as a whole. This may be more obvious in a dramatic poem like those written by Robert Browning, where the person addressed is clearly identified, but the poet always addresses someone even if this is simply implied."
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Samuel Barber And The American Audience, 2002.
Explores the musical style of composer, Samuel Barber and his post-World War I American audience.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
In the aftermath of the World War I, there was a global economic depression, which influenced music, especially in Europe. The music styles that evolved thus represented the social conditions of that era. This paper, therefore concentrates on the composer Samuel Barber who belonged to the post-World War I era. His style is discussed within the context of the background.
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The Audience of a Slave Girl, 2002.
An examination of Harriet Jacobs' narrative ?Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl? and how the author considered the audience when writing the novel.
1,802 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how Jacobs' novel describes her life as a slave in the South, while the narrative is specifically directed toward Northern white readers. It explains how the text is not just created to describe her life, it is also intended as a plea for help and understanding. The paper discusses how Jacobs created a narrative incorporating stereotypical assumptions and views, while effectively using them to force the Northern white reader into responding in the way she intends.
From the Paper
"Jacobs opens her narrative by describing her parents and grandparents. In doing this, she ensures that they are presented in such a way that the Northern reader would judge them to be good people. This is important to the meaning of the text, since Jacobs needs the readers to believe that slaves like her deserve something better. The way Jacobs describes her parents offers an insight into what Northern people would consider a respectable person. Jacobs introduces her father saying, ?My father was a carpenter, and considered so intelligent and skillful in his trade, that, when buildings out of the common line were to be erected, he was sent for from long distances, to be head workman (Jacobs 430). This description emphasizes that her father was considered valuable to society in general. He was not merely a hard worker, he was so capable and skillful that he was desired for his abilities. This suggests that the Northern people value men for what skills they can offer to society as a whole, with the worth of a man determined by what he can contribute."
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The Audience in Mass Communication, 2002.
This paper examines the manner in which television has influenced people's lives in the past 50 years, focusing on the talk-show pop culture.
2,754 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
A focus on the features of the popular television talk-show and how they influences their viewers. The paper describes how these shows often focus on outrageous topics and over-the-top guests and how some argue that daytime talk shows aim to sensationalize and exploit in order to draw an audience. It discusses how others argue that these shows provide a forum for true debate and expression, in which the audience is provided with valuable information. The paper tries to determine how talk shows influence the viewing audience, and whether this influence is beneficial or detrimental.
From the Paper
"There are a few main features of the television talk show (Livingstone & Lunt, 1994). First, the guests and the audience share physical space, with the guests usually facing the audience. Second, the host wanders throughout the audience, often selecting those who get to ask a question or state their views. Third, each episode focuses on a certain topic of concern, often stimulated by current affairs. Fourth, the program consists of lively conversation expressing diverse views on a particular issue. Fifth, the flow of the program is determined not only by the host and production staff, but also by the audience contributions. Sixth, the contributions made by the audience seem to be emotionally significant, stemming from personal experience rather than objective fact. Seventh, talk shows are generally inexpensive to produce, low in production value, and are broadcast outside of primetime slots. Finally, talk shows are usually either live or recorded in real time prior to broadcasting, with little editing."
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Lecture Audience, 2002.
This paper evaluates a speaking engagement attended by the author.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses the roles of audience and speaker which were played out at the event. This paper considers those factors which affect the listening of an audience. The author suggests some of the responsibilities of an audience.
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Promotion Activities of Advertisers, 2008.
Taking into consideration the traditional ad and promotions world, this paper looks at Internet advertising.
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that before the advent of the computer and the Internet, advertising and promotions were measured in terms of leads, calls, print media ads on newspapers and magazines and airtime coverage on television and the radio. The writer discusses that in spite of the popularity and familiarity of the newspaper and magazine in advertising and promotions, the Internet has become an indispensable tool in the current ad man or ad woman's marketing arsenal. The writer maintains that that Internet advertising is here to stay and it is there not to replace the print media but complement them. The writer concludes that Internet advertising is a partner in a total, multimedia campaign that assures maximum impact and effectiveness in reaching target audience.
From the Paper
"Compared to magazines and newspapers wherein a spot could run at a limited time and space is also limited, Internet advertising can continuous and run for days or months on end at very little cost. Any class of consumer can access the Internet and see the ad or promotion unlike the limited consumer base of the print media. The force multiplier effect is one of the strongest factors of Internet advertising and increases sustainability and availability. It is so effective that several ad and promotions campaign firm, including technology shops have joined the bandwagon to promote their services using Internet advertising."
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Contemporary Art And Its Relationship To Its Audience And Society, 2002.
Discusses the arts since 1945.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
Discusses the arts since 1945. Wide-ranging styles of artists. Innovative and creative breakthroughs. Emergence of concept of social relativity and a pluralistic society. How the Postmodern world and plurality have redefined the role of the artist. Pluralism of art styles reflecting society. The New Realism as a cumulative creative systhesis. The pluralistic way contemporary artists engage in with their audience.
From the Paper
"The picture of the arts since 1945 is extremely complex with trends toward fragmentation on one the side and multimedia unifications on the other. Radical changes have come about in science, technology, politics, economics, and the arts. Social relativity and the pluralistic society are replacing absolute values and uniformity; and artists are working in styles that vary from wide-ranging freedom to strict formalism, from imaginative abstraction to stark realism, from detached objectivity to passionate expressionistic involvement.
All this has shown that no one approach, solution, attitude, technique, or..."
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