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Attempt vs. Preparation in Law, 2004.
A legal studies paper, which differentiates between the concepts of attempt and preparation in the law.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
There are many distinctions between preparation and attempt in law and many different definitions of attempt that need to be considered when examining these distinctions. There have been cases that have set these definitions, and other cases that have toppled standing definitions and understandings in the favor of new perspectives. This paper examines issues of attempt and preparation in the law, going through a rational process of analysis, which serves to point towards the above mentioned distinctions between preparation and attempt in the law of attempt. The law of attempt itself is differentiated and categorized within the context of the report on the state and national levels, with the assumption being that most states treat attempts less seriously than actual committed crimes as a matter of programmatic policy. The concepts of preparation and attempt are presented in terms of summative definition and precedent and are also examined through the analysis of examples. The intended accomplishment of the definitions is then be assayed in terms of its bearing on matters of incidence and circumstance. The paper looks at proposed reform measures and addresses future concerns before concluding.
From the Paper
"For example, if an individual decides to rob a bank, they might do surveillance on the bank, buy a gun and a mask, and perhaps involve partners who can come in and split the money between them at a prearranged meeting place. All of these actions are preparations for the crime of robbing the bank, but they are not attempts to rob the bank:
they all go on outside of the bank?s walls. The individual goes about this preparation with the intention of robbing the bank, but these preparations, by their very definition, are not attempts to rob the bank in a physical sense at all. They are premeditated plans which involve robbing the bank as a goal. They are the means, if attempt is the ends."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 111.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, AU$ 288.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Tax Preparation Software Journal Article, 2005.
Reviews an article about tax preparation software.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The article being reviewed in this paper appeared in Volume XIII (Fall, 1998) of the Journal of Accounting and Computers published by South Western College Publishing. The title was "Accounting Student Acceptance of Tax Preparation Software", and it was authored by Thomas W. Dillon, Michael Garner, Jean-Pierre Kuilboer, and Joseph D. Quinn. It tests to the usefulness of the Technology Assistance Model in identifying which users will have difficulty in mastering new software.
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Maine's Career Preparation Implementation Plan, 2004.
Study of Maine's educational focus on student career preparation.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
Explores the purpose, goals, rationale, and implementation strategy behind Maine's educational statute, which required that every school district in the state of Maine develop and implement Career Preparation Education Programs for all students.
From the Paper
"The Career Preparation Implementation Plan purpose is to ensure that all students enrolled in K-12 are given the opportunity to achieve the content standards in the Career Preparation program. The goals of the program include aligning curricula to meet the Learning Results goals established by the department of education, is focused on enabling K-12 develop core knowledge and learning skills that they can build on throughout their time in Maine?s public schools system and places an emphasis on continuous improvement of both the teachers and the students. The rationale driving this new focus include the idea that will have a positive impact on students and the communities they live in, and the fact that Career Preparation Education has been incorporated the Maine Job Council?s Strategic plans."
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"Technical Preparation" and "School To Work", 2002.
This paper compares the "Technical Preparation" program and "School to Work Opportunities Act" (STWOA) - both designed to help high school student integrate better into the job market upon graduation.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and defines these two acts and compares their various advantages. STWOA is defined on focusing helping students' transition from the school environment to the workplace, shifting toward a community-connected learning approach in which the members of the community have become teachers and mentors to the local students. Technical preparation is explained as a series of practical programs in the field of construction and other technical fields whereby the student joins an apprentice program after high-school.
From the Paper
"There is a long series of pieces of legislation dealing with job training for individuals in economically depressed areas or with exceptional circumstances keeping them in poverty. This began with the Adams Act of 1906, followed by the Morrill Act of 1907 which created land-grant colleges. The Smith Hughes Act of 1917, or Vocational Act of 1917, dealt with the need for vocational training and the creation of national preparedness through education. Woodrow Wilson supported this specifically because he saw the approach of war and wished to create a citizenry that was prepared to deal with both the domestic and international ramifications of that (Major Legislation 1900-1982, 2000)."
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The Art of Sermon Preparation, 2002.
A review of the book Preaching for the Church Today: The Skills, Prayer and Art of Sermon Preparation" by Paul V.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the book written by Paul V. "Preaching for the Church Today: The Skills, Prayer and Art of Sermon Preparation," and discusses the aspect of religious freedom and understanding of how the faults and blinded ness of man can overcome the need the preach in a meaningful and truthful manner, yet also the book looks at how these problems of man can be over come with insight and understanding.
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Japanese History Exam Preparation, 2005.
A discussion of three questions and appropriate responses in preparation for a Japanese History Exam.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the responses to three thematic posed questions on the origins of Japanese bureaucracy, the arrival of the warrior as symbol of legitimate political authority, and the significance of the Onin War. Together, these responses show important gaps between an imperial center and life in the provinces, Buddhist elite culture and Shinto popular culture; a formal shogunate versus local warlords/armies, and what must have seem a forever week imperial civil/divine power, and an effective martial power, in the same society.
From the Paper
"Question I. The production of an imperial Japanese bureaucracy owed to changes from kofun Japan's clans in the provinces, and the Nara period's establishment of an imperial capital removed from rural areas. The rise of bureaucracy is often associated with the Nara period but one sees that its development was a longer process that continued past the Nara period. In 710 AD, Nara was the capital but the imperial residence moved to Kyoto in 794, where it remained until 1868. In the 10th century, the emperors disappeared from the public, leaving administration to others. "
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Job Preparation Programs, 1989.
Research study designed to compare alternative job preparation programs, emphasizing telecommunications-based writing for reading program. Discusses setting, achievement, computer packages & effectiveness, impact on employability and recommendations.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 166.95
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From the Paper
"Across the nation school reform has been the issue stressing the need to bring student achievement scores higher and to prepare students for movement into the labor force. The nature of our society makes it imperative that graduating high schoolers be prepared to become members of the labor force. In particular, minority students who will not go to college to obtain higher degrees must be able to perform jobs which are technical although not particularly skilled. Vocational education in high schools has seen a growing change (Burke, 1986). More and more schools have moved toward providing computer classes in the form of work skills rather than the traditional programming skills of 10 years ago (Roblyer, 1988). However, little research has been done to (...)"
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Natural Disaster Preparation, 2007.
An analysis of the responsibilities of private citizens and local, state and federal agencies in preparing for natural disasters.
1,803 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the possibilities for increased awareness, preparation and response to natural disasters, given the recent history of these events around the world. The paper gives a general overview of natural disasters and discusses the ability of private citizens and local, state and federal agencies to prepare for them. The paper goes into detail about some aspects of Hurricane Katrina and what could have been done differently to prepare for her.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Natural Disaster Overview
Community Preparedness for Disaster
Katrina, an Exercise in Ineffective Preparedness
Recommendations by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on Disaster Preparedness
Early Warning Technology
The Future
From the Paper
"There is only one thing for certain; disaster will strike again. Meteorologists have noted that the period of reduced activity that occurred between 1971 to 1994 ended, and predict that three or more major hurricanes, rating Category 3 or higher, can be expected each year in the Atlantic, Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Beardsley, 2005). Earthquakes will continue to occur, as will tsunamis, wildfires, flooding, and the plethora of other disasters that affect communities around the world. Only through increased preparedness will the citizens of the world be protected from these unavoidable, inevitable events."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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Criminal Trial Preparation, 1994.
An examination of the legal and investigatory requirements for defense and prosecuting attorneys.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
"Criminal Trial Preparation
This paper will discuss the necessary steps in preparing for a criminal trial. The first part of the paper will examine this problem from the perspective of a criminal defense attorney. The second part of the paper will look at the problem from the perspective of a prosecuting attorney, focusing upon limiting the possibility of appeal after a conviction. "
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