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Bowlby's Attachment Theory, 2005.
This paper discusses studies on child development, including the Attachment theory.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 20 sources, AU$ 286.95
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Abstract
The paper offers responses to four set questions, the first on Attachment theory and its implications, the second on infant studies involving visual attention and another on memory, en route to a fourth topic involving some of the foregoing. This last question discusses the digital age and its effects on child development, in educational settings and in terms of the impact of violent video games.
From the Paper
"Psychoanalysts had assumed that the child's first human relationship was close to the foundation of the personality. In the first year of life, almost all infants have a strong tie to a mother-figure. (Bowlby: 1969:177) Bowlby and others given to the attachment theory worked with post-World War II generations in developed Western countries. They saw what happened in nature and could link attachment models to the young animal's need to attach to the mother in order to keep up with the herd."
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Attachment Theory, 2002.
The implications of attachment theory.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This psychology paper discusses the Freudian origins of attachment theory, which attempts to explain the basis for human relationships as being dependent upon cues received in infancy. It concludes that while the theory has some merits, it is not as yet effective for psychological interventions.
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Attachment Theory, 2003.
Presents John Bowlby's four stages of attachment.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theory put forth by John Bowlby on the four stages of attachment. It examines the development of attachment between mother and child and the caregiver relationship. It also deals with coping with separation and separation anxiety.
From the Paper
"With his identification of the four stages of attachment, John Bowlby (1969) was instrumental in illuminating the changes in the development of attachment between mother and child. During the first phase of indiscriminate sociability, infants interact ..."
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Theory of Attachment, 2006.
This paper examines Bowlby's theory of attachment, which has gained wide acceptance among the social work professionals.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theory of attachment, an idea the author describes as introducing new meanings to human relationship. The proposition that, to thrive emotionally, children need a close and continuous care-giving relationship required theoretical explanation. The author further analyzes Bowlby's approach to the concept of attachment. Although never satisfied with the theory of dependence, which focused on human relations progressing through fulfillment of basic needs, his methodical research manifested the theory of attachment, which highlighted the importance of care-giving and care-taking responses more than primary needs of hunger and sex.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Animal Behavior Studies
Bowlby's Analysis of Animal Studies.
Extension of Bowlby's Attachment Theory
Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to attachment theory, attachment is not just an outcome of the need to satisfy various drives, like Sigmund Freud thought. For example, children are not just attached to their parents because they provide food; their attachment also involves behavior that is independent of their direct needs. Attachment theory assumes that humans are social beings; they do not just use other people to satisfy their drives. In this way, attachment theory is similar to object relations' theory (Grohol, 2005)."
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John Bolwby's Theories of Attachment, 2006.
A discussion of John Bowlby's theories of attachment, separation, and loss as observed in Peter's relationships in the film, "Finding Neverland".
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
An extreme contrast can be observed between the bereaved Peter at the beginning of the film, "Finding Neverland", as opposed to the Peter who once again suffers loss at the end. The pattern of Peter's relationships conforms perfectly to John Bowlby's concepts of attachment, separation and loss. This paper analyzes the relationships of the main character, Peter, in the film "Finding Neverland", a story loosely based on the real life story of J.M. Barrie, the author of "Peter Pan". The analyses are based on John Bolwby's theories of attachment, separation, and loss.
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Psychological Theories, 2005.
This paper is a literature review focusing on the attachment theory and existential humanistic theories emphasizing play therapy theories.
4,380 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the attachment theory demonstrates that attachment is not a race or culturally specific phenomenon because it is an instinctive, biological motivated need, which all humans have and use to adapt to their environment during the earliest stages of development. The author points out that the combination of humanistic and existential psychotherapies offers a wide range of approaches in case conceptualization, therapeutic goals, intervention strategies and research methodologies. The paper relates that play therapy is a psychoanalytic tool, which is based on the assumption that a child's internal issues can be tied to various unconscious conflicts and deficits, which reveal themselves during play sessions.
Table of Contents
Overview of the Content of the Literature Review
Purpose of the Literature Review
Scope of the Literature Review
Parameters and Limitations of the Review
Attachment Theory
Existential Humanistic Theories
Existentialism
Humanistic Psychology
Play Therapy
Existential Therapy for Alice: A Case
Conclusion
Gaps in the Literature
Considerations for Alice
Final Comments and Reflections on the Literature from the Researchers
From the Paper
"Attachment theory is one of the key theories associated to the study of developmental psychology and is considered an extension of psychoanalytic theory. It was Sigmund Freud who first understood by his observing children's attachment to their primary care givers which became the foundation for the model of a child's attachment throughout adult life. Later, John Bowlby's theories of attachment added to this original concept. Considered the major theorist on attachment theory, Bowlby (1939) began explaining and developing attachment theory based on his observations and conclusions. Bowlby took a radical departure from Freud's model of the pleasure principle and focused on the social interactive aspects of attachments with specific focus on the infants need for safety and security."
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Attachment, Object Relations and Cognitive Learning?, 2001.
Compares Kagan's cognitive approach theory and Mahler's object relations theory on attachment bonding.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and contrasts theories of attachment from two theoretical orientations: the Object relations Theory and the Cognitive Learning Theory. The Cognitive perspective views the attachment as primarily biological and intellectual in nature, allowing personality traits and temperamental styles to affect attachment quality. The Object Relations Theory is primarily seen through rearing environments, and focuses primarily on social and emotional aspects.
From the Paper
"Both authors discuss attachment, separation anxiety, and stranger anxiety, two contrasting approaches are used. Edward et al. (1981) focuses on the rearing environments and the primary relationship between mother and infant. The role of individuation relies upon the active role of the infant, and is mainly encouraged and reinforced through social interaction and feedback from parents. Additionally, Edward et al. (1981) does not consider biological factors in separation and stranger anxiety, rather attributes them to psychological and emotional factors, such as the attaining of basic trust. Conversely, Kagan (1984) although he acknowledges social and emotional aspects of the infant, he views attachment from a bio-cognitive approach, concentrating primarily on neurological development, cognitive processes, and inborn temperamental properties, despite the rearing environment. He believes that separation and stranger anxiety stem from the lack of brain and CNS maturation, leading to an inability to produce and maintain active memory. Lastly, Kagan (1984) suggested new concepts in his approach on attachment by critiquing the work of several research theories, and introducing some new interesting theories himself."
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Film: "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind", 2008.
A look at how the film "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" conforms to traditional attachment theory and is in fact a graphical illustration of that theory.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
In a discussion and analysis of the film, "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind", this paper explains that this film depicts the human being as a web of emotional attachment that is unconsciously tied back to the parents and interlinked in very complex ways to external objects as well as to multiple areas of the brain. The paper then goes on to examine how "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" not only conforms to attachment theory but combines that theory with cognitive-motivational structure theory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Rationale for the Film
The Process of Erasing Attachment
Attachment Theory and the Main Characters
Two Patterns of Attachment Theory
Communication Style
Care-seeking at the Infantile Level
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Wampler and Riggs (2004), the techniques of the two individuals in seeking comfort and security from one another in their relationship often are similar. This is because they can switch roles. Research indicates that the majority of partners will assume both roles and move back and forth between the roles of support and comfort-seeking during any problem-solving discussion. Clementine is quite aggressive and is the one who suggests having a drink and spending the night at Joel's place. More importantly, she knows hoe to attack his defenses. She describes him as close-mouthed and herself as constantly anxious."
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Treating Generalized Anxiety, 2007.
A case study presenting a comparison of cognitive behavioral and attachment theory applications in treating generalized anxiety.
17,240 words (approx. 69.0 pages), 78 sources, MLA, AU$ 400.95
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Abstract
This paper explores combined cognitive behavioral and attachment theory applications in treating generalized anxiety. It reviews and critiques various cognitive behavioral approaches, as well as three attachment theories. The paper presents a case study in which the writer utilized behavioral management techniques and applied positive and negative reinforcements to alter an unpleasant behavior to a more appropriate and pleasant one. It presents the results of the study.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
A. Purpose of Study
B. Overview of Study
C. Importance of Study
Chapter II. Theoretical Bases for Clinical Treatment
A. Cognitive/Behavioral Theory and Generalized Anxiety
1. Aaron Beck
2. Albert Ellis
3. Michael W. Eysenck
B. Attachment Theory and Generalized Anxiety
1. John Bowlby
2. Mary Ainsworth
3. Margaret Mahler
Chapter III. Client information
A. Presenting Problems and Initial Diagnosis
B. Client's Family History
C. Client's Present Circumstances
Chapter IV. Treatment History
A. Early Phase
1. Identifying Client's Underlying Assumptions
2. Managing Anxiety Effects
B. Middle Phase
1. Client Develops Ability to Recognize Causes for Anxiety
Implementing New Behaviors to Prevent Anxiety
Improving Communication with Her Son
4. Addressing Issues with Alcoholic Husband
C. Final Phase
1. Transference and Counter Transference Issues
New Concerns on the Horizons
Chapter V. Conclusions
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, EFT interventions have received a great deal of attention in recent years; in this approach, the clinician moves recursively between three tasks: (a) monitoring and actively fostering a positive alliance, (b) expanding and restructuring key emotional experiences, and (c) structuring enactments that either clarify present patterns of interaction or, step by step, shape new, more positive patterns (Robbins et al., 2003). Generally speaking, EFT therapists continually track and reflect upon the process by which both inner emotional realities and interactions are created. The therapist also validates each partner's realities and habitual responses so that partners feel safe to explore and own these. Internal experience is expanded by evocative questions that develop the outline of such experience into a sharply focused and detailed portrait (Robbins et al., 2003). Emotion may be heightened by images or repetition, or the therapist may go one step beyond how clients construct their experience by adding an element, such as asking if someone is not, as they say, only "uncomfortable" but even a little anxious. The therapist also reframes interactional responses in terms of underlying emotions and attachment needs and fears and choreographs enactments. The therapist follows and leads but is most active in Stage Two, particularly when structuring the change events mentioned previously (Robbins et al., 2003)."
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Foster-Parent/Caregiver-Child Relationship Attachment, 2008.
A research proposal to study the design and development of effective intervention programs to encourage foster-parent/caregiver and child relationship attachment.
4,790 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 196.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of this research proposal is to design a research initiative to apply the attachment theory foster-parent/caregiver and child relationships through means of an observational study or survey/questionnaire. The author seeks to understand why the attachment between the parent/caregiver/foster parent and the child is so important to the development of the child as presented in attachment theory. The paper presents a literature review, which supports these findings and highlights the significance of activities of continuity of the child in foster care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of Problem
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Research Questions
Limitations
Definitions of Terms
Organization of the Remainder of the Study
Literature Review
Findings
Recommendations for Research
Methodology
Research Design
Instrumentation and Data Collection/Analysis
Population/Sample for Data
From the Paper
"Caltabiano and Thorpe relate that in order to understand these attachment models from the adult relationship perspective research has relied on interviews or self-reporting methods to learn in this area. The 'Adult Attachment Interview' was reported in the work of George, Kaplan & Main (1984) in research that conducted an in-depth exploration into the nature of the adult individual's childhood relationships to their caregiver. Another method utilized in this are of study is the self-report instrument known as the 'Attachment Style Questionnaire' (ASQ) as noted in the work of Feeney, Noller & Harahan (1994)."
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Reactive Attachment Disorder, 2007.
This paper gives an in-depth description of reactive attachment disorder as seen in children.
8,216 words (approx. 32.9 pages), 48 sources, APA, AU$ 281.95
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Abstract
This study explores the psychological disorder known as reactive attachment disorder. This problem can occur when early childhood attachment patterns are chronically interrupted. The author describes factors that may contribute to this problem and the actual symptoms of the disorder. Finally, the author states that this study was initiated in order to develop a best practices handbook to increase the awareness of this condition and to provide a helpful approach for therapists when working with children who are or have experienced attachment issues. Includes charts and tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Project
Definition of Terms
Organization of the Project
Chapter Two
Review of the Research on Issues that are Relevant to the Study
Introduction
Attachment Theory and RAD
Diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder
Implications of Reactive Attachment Disorder
Identifying Effective Treatment for Reactive Attachment Disorder
Synthesis of the Review of the Research
Chapter 3: Methodology
Introduction
CHAPTER 4: Product
CHAPTER 5: Conclusion
From the Paper
" When early childhood attachment patterns are chronically interrupted, children may develop reactive attachment disorder; unfortunately, RAD remains a widely misunderstood and under-diagnosed disorder (Doggett, Renfro-Michel & Sheperis, 2003). While studies have shown time and again that some children who experience early disruptions in the attachment process are able to cope with such events, others appear to be unable to recover, such as with children suffering from reactive attachment disorder. The symptoms of RAD vary from child to child, of course, but studies have found that a lack of ability to give and receive affection, cruelty to others especially pets, abnormalities in eye contact and speech patterns, lying and stealing, lack of long-term friends, and extreme control problems are common (Flanagan, 1999). Complicating the problem for clinicians are the number of behavioral disorders that can manifest during these early years that may mimic the symptoms of reactive attachment disorder, and the diagnosis of RAD is made only when there are no other likely causes for the lack of social responsiveness, such as mental retardation (Flanagan, 1999)."
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Social Control Theory, 2006.
An analysis focusing on Travis Hirshi's social control theory.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 163.95
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Abstract
The paper examines social control theories and that all control theories play on the theme that deviance is mainly a function of the kinds of constraints to which people are exposed. The paper focuses on Travis Hirschi's revised theory of social control (1969), which contends that everybody is motivated toward deviance, but only those who are relatively free of the bonds of commitment to, and belief in, the conventional order, attachment to others, and involvement with conventional institutions of society actually manifest their deviant motivation in unacceptable behavior. The paper further examines the work of Emile Durkheim arguing that individuals are freed to commit crime when their ties to the conventional social order are weak or broken. The paper concludes that Hirschi who speaks of control, does not offer a conceptualization of control, and that he appears to use the term as "the loose equivalent of influence".
From the Paper
"The relevance of control for criminology is by no means limited to control theories about crime. Even if all versions of the control theory come to be abandoned, no alternative notion will be as important as is control in connection with criminology's policy implications. 11 Again, no criminological theory can be applied to realize a policy goal without manipulating the theory's independent variables, and such manipulation is bound to entail control attempts, probably on a massive scale."
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Infant-father Attachment, 2000.
An examination of the impact of attachment on a child's development including the changing father's roles, compared to mother-child attachment, research problems, marital stress, work outside home and more.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 179.95
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Abstract
The subject of this paper is infant-father attachment and the impact on the development on the infant. Most research has illustrated the importance of infant-mother relationship, without an equal consideration of the role of the father in infant-father relationships. However, with the changing family structure and social beliefs, more fathers are spending time with their infants.
From the Paper
"The subject of this paper is infant-father attachment and the impact on the development on the infant. Most research has illustrated the importance of infant-mother relationship, without an equal consideration of the role of the father in infant-father relationships. However, with the changing family structure and social beliefs, more fathers are spending time with their infants. In addition, expectant fathers want to be a part of the birthing experience. In a 1981 survey, 95 percent of men looked forward to being in the delivery room (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 484). The surge of interest by fathers gave rise to many studies that sought to establish the impact of early father-infant bonding on their relationship later on. Therefore, discovering the impact of a father's interaction with the infant can be significant in promoting the overall well..."
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Assessment of Attachment Behavior, 2008.
A discussion and analysis of attachment behavior.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how attachment might be assessed and whether it is useful. The paper explains that sensitivity, competence and a secure base are the three elements which seem to have a significant bearing on the demonstration and development of attachment. The paper also notes that the three things that make up the attachment relationship are sensitivity of the mother to the child and its needs, competency in completing the desires and needs of the child and providing a secure base for the child to cling to. The paper then points out that the origin of this "love" or "attachment" has only been studied by psychologists in the last 100 years, though humans have long speculated on its manifestations and irregularities in adolescents and adults. The paper concludes that it has already been determined that the attachment in the areas of fulfillment of needs is useful to the child in a physical way, but it is being assessed whether the attachment to the mother following infancy, determined by the mother's sensitivity to her child, is useful in other ways or not.
From the Paper
"Attachment theory in psychology addresses the period of helplessness in infants and infants, during which there is a biological need for their mother's (or other caregiver's) protection and care. Attachment behaviors (such as approaching or not approaching a stranger, or smiling, or crying) at this age come from human evolution and provide an advantage for the child in the ability to survive through close proximity to the mother. It also has the benefit of increasing the many beneficial outcomes which the mother can provide. Attachment behavior is particularly noticed in times of stress, either within the child (hunger or pain) or from the environment (when the child meet with an unfamiliar person, or hears a loud noise). This noticeable attachment of mother and child peaks around the age of one, a time when the infant begins to walk and venture away from the mother."
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Attachment Disorder in Adopted Children, 2002.
An overview of attachment disorder woth an emphasis on the attachment of adopted children and the adopted family.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper will look at attachment disorders, and will consider the role that it plays in adopted children as well as the effect that is has on the adopted family. The children under consideration will be especially those who are part of the international adoption setting.
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Development according to John Bowlby, 2008.
A self-analysis of the writer's development from early childhood through to adulthood, according to John Bowlby's attachment theory.
4,234 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 180.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the writer's development according to John Bowlby's attachment theory of child development from 1958. It describes the writer's early life and his relationship with various members of his family. It then looks at his developing life during middle childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Finally, the paper presents a self-analysis of the writer's development.
Table of Contents:
Family Background
Early Years
Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Adulthood
Developmental Assets
Self-Analysis
From the Paper
"In retrospect, it is unusual for me to look over my life story through the present analysis and evaluate myself and my own behaviors. It was interesting for me to relive the moments that have defined my evolution and the arrangement of my family hierarchy. It was certainly in some ways difficult to recall events in an objective manner, as the memory of early youth may be tainted by emotions. There is also the fact that, as a child, I was not able to observe the family dynamics in the same way that an adult might - important events were no doubt shielded from me by my parents and older siblings. However, this phenomenon is universal to children in general. We are all subject to good and bad childhood events, and are made blind to such happenings at the same time. At the same time we all as adults recall past events in the haze of a positive or negative memory - particularly memories of adolescence, which is universally a trying stage of one's life."
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