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The Appeal of the Democracy of Goods, 2002.
Applies the 'democracy of goods' advertising concept to three advertisements.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The democracy of goods concepts in advertising allows consumers to believe they can be equal to the rich and famous. In his book "Advertising the American Dream", Roland Marchand describes advertising strategies from the 1920s to the 1940s. In making this analysis, Marchand describes the appeal of the democracy of goods as a major concept underlying the advertising of the period. A consideration of this concept in the paper and how it applies to modern advertising, shows that the concept is effective in describing modern advertising strategies. Some minor changes have occurred in response to changes in society. However, on the whole, the concept, including the desires and ideals central to it, have remained the same. The paper examines three advertisements: pop-star Britney Spears drinking Pepsi, 'James Bond' promoting Jaguar Cars and supermodel Cindy Crawford wearing an Omega Watch.
From the Paper
"Celebrity status now has greater meaning. Individuals that inherit fortunes do not appear in a significant amount of advertisements. However, individuals that achieve success, fame and fortune do. Idealized individuals are mostly movie stars, television stars and sports stars and these celebrities are most commonly featured in advertisements. The amount of celebrities that feature in advertisements can be linked to the desire people have to be something better. Since these people have earned their fortunes in some way, this reinforces to consumers that success is achievable. This makes it easier to believe that having the same product as the successful individual will make them successful also. This advertisement with Britney Spears drinking Pepsi as a means of convincing other people to drink Pepsi is based on the same desires and ideals as the 1920's advertisements. Britney Spears is what people want to be and physical possessions are seen as a way of attaining that same success. By buying Pepsi individuals feel that they are equal to Britney Spears."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
Compares modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
Discusses the major differences between Athenian democracy and modern democracy. Differences include voting and citizenship rights, gender and background bias in the Athenian social and economic system, the type of representation that each society offered and the 'participation factor' in Athens.
From the Paper
"There are several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens. Even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. These differences fall into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures.
For example, women were not given full rights of citizenship. They were also socially and economically kept in a subservient role to men. Women?s function was seen as primarily that of propagation and managing a household. Women were not allowed access to the marketplace of ideas that was so important to the Athenians.
These conditions set up an interactive cycle between the social and political institutions; since women were regarded as inferior and not deserving of full citizenship, they were not allowed to vote. However, without the ability to vote, it was very unlikely that any of these restrictions would be modified or lifted. The role of women in Greek society was too firmly entrenched to be easily changed."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
This paper looks at several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The writer shows that even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. The paper divides these differences into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
From the Paper
"One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures."
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"Democracy?s Discontent" vs. "Democracy in America", 2003.
A comparison of Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel's "Democracy?s Discontent".
3,845 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel in "Democracy?s Discontent" both address issues of democracy, freedom, the role of government, and the good citizen. It looks at how their viewpoints differ because they write at different times of history. De Tocqueville writes at a time when democracy is a novel ideal. Aristocracy has been the main form of government, and this, therefore, plays a major role in his writing. Sandel, on the other hand, deals with contemporary issues such as the global community and the implications of new technology and diminishing boundaries among people.
From the Paper
"De Tocqueville stresses the importance of civil equality in the achievement of true democracy. This equality implies the lack of divisions and barriers between social classes. This is the equality that he sees in American culture as opposed to European culture that still subscribes to the aristocratic means of government. The democratic ideal implies more freedom than would be possible with an aristocratic government: ?Let us suppose that all the people take a part in the government, and that each one of them has an equal right to take a part in it. As no one is different from his fellows, none can exercise a tyrannical power; men will be perfectly free because they are all entirely equal??(De Tocqueville, Book II, Chapter I)."
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Democracy and the U.S. Constitution: A Discussion of the Successes and Failures of the Founding Fathers in making an Obtainable Democracy, 2000.
After discussing the successes and failures of the founding fathers, the author of the paper concludes that they mostly did a good job, but disputes that America now has a pure democracy.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 73.95
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From the Paper
" A perfect democracy would be a democracy where everyone- the poor, the rich, the weak, the strong- get to have a say in what the government does. Wherein the supreme power ultimately rests with the people. However, this is not reality. Instead, representative democracy can be defined in two ways: the responsible model and the popular model. In the popular model, ordinary people have a great deal of freedom and ability to participate actively in government. In this type, elections express the popular will and determine policies. Examples of this model include the House of Representatives, the Virginia Plan, and citizen initiatives. In the responsible model, citizens play a more passive role. Government officials have a great deal of freedom to act on the behalf of the country as a whole. Elections here, grant popular consent and determine leaders. Examples of this model are the Senate, the New Jersey Plan, and the Supreme Court. Although the people of the United States live in a democracy that has both popular and responsible elements, democracy here has always been more denoted by the popular model. "
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Benjamin Barber's "Strong Democracy", 2005.
This paper discusses Benjamin Barber's views on "thin democracy" and "strong democracy" as expresses in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age".
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Benjamin Barber in his book "Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age" defines 'thin democracy" as a democracy in which leaders are elected but they are left to their own devices concerning the majority of issues; people have the powers, which democracy provides, but the demonstration of these powers is primarily manifested in the form of elections. The author points out that Barber is convincing in making his point that "thin democracy" has a tendency to strip citizens of their sense of purpose as manifested by the voter participation rate stagnating in the U.S. at about half of those eligible. The paper stress that Barber loves the thought of a "strong democracy" in which it is not the leaders who make a democracy great but rather an active, informed citizenry.
From the Paper
""Thin democracy" takes the stance that average citizens are not interested in political matters and are not capable or adequate enough to directly participate in the political process themselves, beyond electing officials. Benjamin Barber feels that the United States democracy is thin and poorly represents the entire population at large. Significant portions of citizens are unable to vote due to restrictions or simply choose to be complacent and abstain from voting. Citizens under the age of eighteen are restricted from voting, as are prisoners, and persons living within the borders who are not nationalized. Citizens who are active in a thin democracy mainly participate in it by electing persons and then monitoring their political decisions (if they choose to do so), allowing the elected (those seen by the majority to have the most expertise and capability to discern what best represents the will of the majority) to do the actual work."
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Quality of Democracy in Iraq, 2006.
A study on democracy in Iraq, looking at how much progress the country has made towards establishing democracy, the quality of its democracy and how well its institutions are functioning.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper takes three of the fourteen topics provided on the Democratic Audit web site and apply them to a study of democracy in Iran. Specifically, the paper assesses the country's progress towards democracy, the quality of its democracy, and the functioning of its institutions - all by using the following three topics as a "measuring stick". These topics are a) civil and political rights, b) economic and social rights, and c) the extent of participation in the political process by various Iranian citizens.
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"Democracy in America", 2002.
A study of freedom and democracy using Tocqueville's "Democracy in America".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This essay explores the interrelation of the concepts of equality, freedom and democracy in history as portrayed in Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America".
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Socrates' Criticisms of Democracy, 2008.
A discussion of the writer's views of democracy and of Socrates' problems with democracy and the democratic man as seen in Plato's, "Republic."
2,037 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Socrates' view of democracy and the democratic man as related in Book 8 of Plato's "Republic." In particular, the paper attempts to ascertain what specific problems Socrates has with democracy and democratic man. The paper then relates Socrates' criticisms - both those that the writer agrees with and those that he does not - to the state of affairs within the United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Criticisms of Democracy and Democratic Man
Freedom in Democracy
Equality in Democracy
Freedom and Equality in Democratic Man
Afterthought: The Democratic Ruler(s)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although it is clear that Socrates holds an uncomplimentary view of democracy, to say the least, it is equally clear to me that, conversely, in today's world democracy is largely respected and admired; countries strive to be "democratic" because of the positive connotations attached to the concept. What I have difficulty understanding is not the fact that countries today manipulate the definition of democracy to fit their own agenda, but rather why the concept, democracy, was chosen as the emulative term. Why isn't "socialism" seen as the "good" form of government? After all, in our country we are lacking a lot of the basic qualities that are supposedly essential to democracy. Yet at the same time the U.S. is arguably the most powerful, most economically well-off country in the world. There are many more questions like these that need to be explored, and I hope that throughout the course of this essay, through an examination of Plato's thought in the Republic, I have shed some light on some of the possible answers."
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Democracy and the Libertarian Ideal of Self-Ownership, 2002.
This is an argument for the libertarian conception of self-ownership as the foundation for democracy, as opposed to other values such as republican non-domination and deliberative democracy, with treatment of empirical work on the phenomenon of voter igno
4,060 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the notion of western democracy, and how by its very definition, impinges on our everyday lives. The author defines democracy, and looks at what democracy was intended to be, and how, as government expanded, and its influence expanded that democracy has had the opposite affect, and is not limiting our freedoms. The author also suggest ways in which we can regain the benefits that democracy was designed to provide.
From the Paper
"Indeed, if we did otherwise, we would be treating people not as full members of the community among equals, but as sheep unto a shepherd, or a child unto a parent. While such relationships are certainly appropriate between the incompetent and the competent, they can hardly be countenanced for the competent, who are entitled to their own private sphere in which they can determine the meaning of their experiences and define their own ends. After all, since people are different, and even individuals change through time, no one can better know his own conception of the good and his unique set of ends better than the individual himself. The state, far removed from the individual, is in no position to make that determination, and therefore, must be neutral to conceptions of the good. The state's disallowing one to choose for himself the sort of life he leads is, in fact, a principal criterion by which we can judge its goodness."
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Mill, de Toqueville and Schmitt: Problems of Democracy, 2008.
A comparison of John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty", Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America", and Carl Schmitt's "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy".
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of democracy as cited in three major works on the subject: John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty", Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America", and Carl Schmitt's "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy". The paper elaborates upon the views of Mill and de Tocqueville, who both believed that the tyranny of the majority was particularly worrisome in democracies, compared to other political systems. The paper also outlines the major features of Carl Schmitt's critiques of parliamentary democracy, in which he contrasts between how parliamentary government is designed to function and how it actually functions. The paper further discusses Schmitt's argument that democratic institutions function through corrupt political deal-making and that rational political debate and election results have little impact on government decision-making. The paper concludes that Mill and de Tocqueville realized that the solutions for these problems actually lay within the democratic system.
From the Paper
"Schmitt was also critical of parliamentary systems because he believed that the nature of democracy itself is based upon meaningless abstractions such as equality and liberty. To him, these high-sounding concepts were little more than a sham, for most people care very little about equal rights and liberty and most political leaders care even less. Leaders deliver grand speeches in parliaments and legislatures about democracy, but behind the scenes, they act in their own self-interest. And in society, the average citizen is just as hypocritical, for they resent any action by the government or other citizens that is detrimental to their self-interest, while paying lip service to democracy and equal rights for all."
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Economics and Democracy, 2002.
A study of the compatibility and implementation of economics and democracy using the definitions of socialism, capitalism and democracy of Marx and Friedman.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the incompatibility of democracy and capitalism. The writer argues, using many classic political economics texts, that socialism would complement democracy's goals better than capitalism, which was developed in a monarchist paradigm of government. Capitalism results in the concentration of power in isolated locations, whereas both socialism and democracy distribute power evenly through a population. The paper cites Marx as well as Friedman, and opens with clear definitions of socialism, capitalism, and democracy drawn from the works of these authors.
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The Flaws of Democracy, 2008.
A persuasive argument that democracy is a system of inequality, ineffective policies and unfair practices.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
The writer asserts there are major defects in a democracy, including the retardation of innovation, economic unfairness and ineffectiveness of the electoral process. The writer believes that in a democracy it is actually the wealthy elite who rule, that democracies are capable of committing human rights violations and that there is widespread corruption. The paper maintains that a non-democracy would select candidates based on past work performance, and capability, as opposed to superficial looks or personal charms. The writer contends that the best form of government is an enlightened dictatorship which has a nation's best interests at heart.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Oppression of Minorities in a Democracy
Retardation of Innovation in a Democracy
Economic Unfairness in a Democracy
Ineffectiveness of the Electoral Process
Spreading Democracy around the World
Alternatives to Democracy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a utopian world, democracy would be the most flawless form of government that could bring equality, peace, and prosperity to the masses. Unfortunately, reality does not work that way and democracy (like dictatorships) has its flaws and drawbacks. Democracy has been accused by some as being inefficient, unfair, and ineffective due to a lack of a clear insight on the issues when voters have a hard time agreeing on the same objective. This can especially be true if the electorate is polarized during election debates on very passionate issues that often arouse public debate. Ignorance and apathy on the part of the electorate have been cited as the major reason why issues during election time don't receive the proper discussion that they deserve."
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Government and Democracy, 2008.
This paper explores whether the rule of law limits or enhances democracy, specifically in reference to the United Kingdom.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
The paper examines what a democracy is in order to determine whether the UK's democratic government is capable of endorsing the rule of law. The paper then considers the ways in which the deliberative model of democracy may benefit the citizen, while also taking a realistic, critical approach of why this theory may not succeed using Joseph Schumpeter's market theory of democracy as a main source. Finally, the paper determines whether the rule of law does in fact limit or enhance the UK's democracy and argues that the rule of law is limiting democratic rule.
Outline:
Introduction
What Comprises a Democracy
Models of Democracy Disputed
The Relevance of the Rule of Law within a Democracy
Conclusion:
From the Paper
"The importance of understanding what form legitimate government should take is, according to Lock and Hobbes, in order to realise the "conditions for security, peace and freedom." ("Held 78) Although the concept of democracy has existed for thousands of years it has only recently reasserted itself within the United Kingdom's contemporary governmental domain. During the fifteenth to the eighteenth century "two different forms of political regime were dominant in Europe: 'the absolute' monarchies of France, Prussia, Austria...and the 'constitutional' monarchies and republics of England." (Held 70) Paradoxically, from this absolutist regime emerged a democratic government since "as the state's administrative centres became more powerful...the increase in administrative power increased the state's dependence on cooperative forms and social relations". (Held72) This founding of democracy legitimizes Locke's concern that the democratic government is egoistic because the concentration of power is focused more on the state than the citizen."
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Social Democracy, 2008.
A descriptive perception on whether social democracy is desirable and achievable in a developing world.
2,263 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses democracy and states that democracy is the best form of political construction for both government and governance as there is no other system that is capable of guarding against authoritarian despotism and all the unfortunate characteristics that accompany it. The author of the paper feels it is fair to conclude that the desirability of democracy in developing countries is unquestionable but questions whether it is achievable. The paper thus focuses far more on whether democracy is achievable in developing countries rather than whether it is desirable. The paper states that there currently exists a growing number who consider democracy in any form to be abhorrent and this belief is often espoused by the proponents of Islamic fundamentalism. The paper then gives brief consideration to this issue and to the impact it has on the global spread of democracy. The paper concludes that a secure democracy is a positive basis on which to construct political and social life.
From the Paper
"The fundamental tenets of social democracy, as laid down by Huber et al is I believe the base line of what we should consider to be fully a formed and sustainable democratic system. The question that logically follows from this must be, is social democracy in developing countries achievable? I believe that it is, provided that its emergence and progress is nurtured by a profound wish to improve the lives of ordinary people, a process that cannot be rushed. It is when such foundations are sacrificed in order to maintain the economic, strategic and political interests of the world's leading democracies that the process is impeded. Similarly, quick fix solutions, however well motivated are not the answer. The developed democracies have an opportunity to play an enormously positive role in the spread of social democracy in the worlds less fortunate nations, an opportunity that is being squandered."
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The Facade of Democracy, 2002.
Explores the negative aspects of the political struture of democracy, including the power of capitalism on the individual.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
Democracy is intended to be a system of government which recognizes the right of all members of society to influence political decisions, either directly or indirectly. The Western type of democracy has appeared to reach many of its objectives in allowing freedom. Yet in many respects, this type of freedom is a facade, since it leaves many citizens incapable of fully empowering themselves. Capitalism plays a central role in this failure, since it ends up negating the freedom and choice of the individuals inside a democracy. Democracy, in other words, is hurt by the very system that simultaneously supports it. Political equality can exist with political inequality in democracy and this is exactly why modern democracy does not really epitomize freedom in the true sense of the word.
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