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Essays on Apartheid, 1994.
Short essays describing various aspects of apartheid. Discusses Christopher's "atlas of apartheid," development & administration of apartheid, the build up of resistance, & the fall of the apartheid system.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 1 source, AU$ 140.95
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From the Paper
"I. The Meaning of Christopher's "An Atlas of Apartheid"?
A.J. Christopher (1994) promotes a hypothesis in his book, The Atlas of Apartheid, that the very foundation of the apartheid system was based on spatial concerns. The architects of the apartheid system were convinced that the preservation of the white race as well as its political and economic dominance were linked to a separation of the races. Christopher analyzes the history of the apartheid era in South Africa in terms of the classic approach of atlases by looking at time, space, and demographics.
Christopher traces the roots of apartheid back to the colonial era as Dutch colonists came to South Africa in search of cheap, plentiful, farmable land (Christopher, 1994, 9). Many of the important concepts underpinning apartheid philosophy and the.."
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Apartheid, 2002.
Discusses the history, structure, and impact of apartheid on South Africa.
1,744 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the system of apartheid. It reviews the history, structure and key players of the South African system of apartheid. The paper then explores the effects of apartheid on South Africa?s economy. Finally, the paper concludes with the assertion that the very structure of Apartheid was corrosive and thus led to the demise of the South African economy.
From the Paper
"Long before Apartheid became the official political system of South Africa, the nation struggled with animosity among the races. Much of this animosity could be attributed to the settlement of the Dutchmen and Englishmen. Many of these settlers acquired their land through conquest and for that reason they feared the black majority. Thus the Europeans began to segregate themselves from the Africans."
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South African Apartheid, 2007.
This paper discusses the rise, fall and struggle during the apartheid period in South Africa.
3,350 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper explores, from a historical perspective, the evolution of imperial colonialism in South Africa by examining the political impact of the apartheid period on the society and the people and on the South African society today. The author points out that all the definitions of the term 'apartheid' contain the basic idea of segregated identities based on race, color or social position. The paper relates that the Group Areas Act of 1950 formally established apartheid in South Africa by delimiting by law the respective districts for each race and by barring members from other races from living, operating businesses or owning land in these districts.
From the Paper
"This new structure of the society benefited from the vote of the population in 1948 when the Nationalistic Party came to power. It represented the legitimization of the white dominated system of law that is because in most cases "the institutions of white economic and political domination were already in place." According to their creed, "they sought to free South Africa from the 'yoke' of British imperial control" . Therefore, it can be said that the rise to power of the nationalistic forces, ..., was the result of the indirect actions of the colonial system of government. "
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Apartheid and the History of South Africa, 2006.
A study of the history of South Africa and the reign of apartheid.
7,200 words (approx. 28.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 257.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that in order to understand the reasons and roots of apartheid, one must first understand the history of South Africa. The author therefore provides a detailed historical account of South Africa from the fifteenth century until today, including colonization, slavery, industrial development and the leadership of Hendrik French Verwoerd, the prime minister responsible for introducing apartheid. The second half of the paper is devoted to a study of the anti-apartheid movement, culminating in the election of Nelson Mandela.
From the Paper
"Until the fifteenth century tribes in South Africa remained isolated from the rest of the world. However, late in the fifteenth century the Portuguese began to explore the western coastline of South Africa in search of an easier route to Asia. By1497, five years after Christopher Columbus had crossed the Atlantic under Portuguese patronage, Vasco da Gama led a Portuguese expedition that rounded the tip of South Africa, sailed along the east African coastline, and then crossed the Indian Ocean reaching Calicut, India."
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The Economic Impact of Apartheid, 2004.
Studies the economic impact of Apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the economic impact of apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. It looks at post war economic problems and the rise of the National Party, its ruthless enforcement of apartheid and South Africa as one of the most unequal countries in the world.
From the Paper
"This sent shock waves through the white community particularly among white South Africans in the lowest economic strata who feared that companies would replace them with lower wage earning Black workers. This resulted in a knee jerk reaction among the all-white electorate. According to Stephen Lewis this reaction resulted in the surprise election victory ..."
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Apartheid Effects on Women, 2002.
Investigating the effects of Apartheid on sub-Saharan women.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 214.95
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Abstract
This paper examines first the general history of apartheid in South Africa, and then continues through examining the various perceptions held towards apartheid by Africans and the women in sub-Saharan Africa.
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The Survival of Apartheid, 2005.
Explains that the practice of apartheid is still unofficially alive in South Africa.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the political and legal bases of apartheid have collapsed, and discrimination in South Africa, at least on the official level ,has ended, the spirit of apartheid has survived because it is part of the country's culture, society, and economy.
From the Paper
"The apartheid regime in South Africa supposedly came to an end the day that the country democratically elected its first black president, the anti-apartheid activist, Nelson Mandela. However, there is still evidence that apartheid is alive in South Africa. The political and legal collapse of this system of discrimination does not mean that discrimination has ended in any sense of the word. The spirit of apartheid lives on and will take decades in order to eliminate. Although the African majority has taken power for the first time in South Africa because of the democratic elections, there is a big feeling that insures the existing of apartheid in South Africa. There are some points prove that South Africa has not explicitly succeeded to put an end to apartheid (racial discrimination) where the white minority ruled the black majority, but racial discrimination still prevails implicitly. In spite of freedom, the spirit of apartheid is still a live and prevailing in health care, job opportunity and in taking superiority in political positions (Meghan Erica Irons.) The reason of the existing of apartheid is because the wheel of changes "spins so slowly." It is true that the post-apartheid regime in South Africa has made political and social achievements to narrow the gap between whites and blacks, but still the spirit of apartheid continues to prevail because the government promised more than it could fulfill and the ANC accommodated itself to the new post-apartheid regime, thus economic and social disparity continues to prevail in favor of the whites."
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International Opposition to Apartheid, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of international opposition to apartheid in South Africa 1960 - 1984.
3,840 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper examines early international opposition to apartheid and its discussion by the U.N. including it's failure as a result of disagreements.
It looks at the attempts to impose sanctions against South Africa and the reluctance of Western states to antagonise South Africa due to trade and fears over communism. It discusses the relatively effective action of businesses and individuals through disinvestment as well as the attitudes of American Presidents and their effects on international opposition. The paper also touches on attempts by African states to oppose apartheid in South Africa and the use of sport (such as exclusion from sporting events) to isolate South Africa from the rest of the international community.
From the Paper
"The United Nations was one of the first international bodies to take action against the South African government; Reddy claims that as early as 1946, the question of South Africa's racial policy was being raised in the UN. It is claimed changes in the rest of the world resulted in increased pressure on the South African regime from the UN. As a growing number of former colonies gained independence, they used the UN to highlight the issue of South Africa's racial policy. For example, in 1952, 14 African and Arabic states placed South Africa on the agenda of the UN General Assembly, claiming that the policy 'had created a dangerous and explosive situation that held a danger to international peace and represented a blatant breach of the basic principals of human rights and freedoms' . "
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Apartheid: International Resolve, 2002.
An examination of the demise of the apartheid system in South Africa.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the international factors that led to the end of apartheid in South Africa. Over the years, the system increasingly came under fire from international sources both inside and outside governments. It discusses how from economic sanctions to grassroots political activism, external sources played an enormous role in pressuring the South African government to reform and subsequently abolish Apartheid in 1993.
From the Paper
"Although generally slower to react than other outside sources, world governments including international ?government? played a crucial role in the demise of the apartheid system in South Africa. Both the General Assembly and Security Council in the UN imposed sanctions against South Africa in order to exert pressure to change. A series of resolutions and sanctions by the UN beginning in 1962 truly began the formal international efforts to end apartheid. A resolution in ?62 called for all UN states to break diplomatic relations with South Africa, boycott South African trade, and refuse landing rights to all planes belonging to the South African government."
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Apartheid, 2006.
An overview of Apartheid and its eventual downfall.
1,822 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how variances in race and color, controlled, confined and humiliated native South Africans for almost a century. Decades of oppression took their toll on black South Africans and they eventually resisted against their oppressors. It looks at how the cumulative resistance of oppressed South Africans and sympathizers from other countries ultimately triggered the downfall of the apartheid-enforcing government.
From the Paper
"The black citizens of South Africa, who were subjected to innumerable atrocities under the government of the Afrikaners, were forced into reluctant but violent protests. The majority groups within South Africa formed several organizations in hopes of peacefully obtaining the liberties to which they were entitled. These organizations, quickly banned and dissolved by the Apartheid government, included the African Political Organization, formed in 1902, the 1923 South African Indian Congress, and the African National Congress (ANC) of 1912. The African Political Organization was created in order to protest the injustices of the present government toward the oppressed people in general, while other organizations were created to protect only the rights of certain races or groups of people. The South African Indian Congress was such an organization."
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Apartheid South Africa, 2005.
An analysis of the homeland system (aka Bantustans) in Apartheid South Africa.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Apartheid was founded on the principle of segregation thus, in order for a race or 'nation' to progress and prosper it should be separated from other races or 'nations'. It looks at how this has led to what is more commonly know as "Homelands" or Bantustans. It also attempts to analyse what really was the homeland system, why it was necessary and why was it such a failure.
From the Paper
"By removal of blacks from white areas it would create a surplus of jobs for whites, thus the government saw it necessary to do so in order to protect certain classes of whites. By moving Africans into homelands, it would restrict mobility into white areas and in turn, the threat of cheap labour as a substitute would be eradicated. But on the other hand the idea of moving industries to the white side of the border of the homelands or by moving them into the interior of the homelands would provide a large amount of cheap labour thus cutting costs and, at the same time eradicating the number of blacks living in urban areas. Agricultural land owned by blacks in South Africa was expropriated and farmers paid little compensation for their losses."
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19th Century South Africa Mining Industry and Apartheid, 1994.
This paper discusses the development of the South African mining industry in the 19th Century as a precursor to the development of apartheid in the 20th Century.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
"The word apartheid, which was coined in the 1930s in South Africa's intellectual community, is an Afrikaans word meaning apartness, which is interpreted as segregation.. Apartheid was not applied as the name of a set of government policies until the 1950s, when the Afrikaaner Nationalist Party government elected in 1948 began to attain success in the pursuit of an agenda that eventually excluded all non.whites from effective participation in government, and in the initiation of other policies the principal objective of which was the complete social segregation of whites and non whites in the then Union of South Africa."
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Apartheid, 2006.
Examines the race laws in South Africa between 1948 and 1994.
1,626 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical beginnings of apartheid and discusses how this repressive system gained popularity. Further, this paper discusses the impact of the new system on the lives of white South Africans, from the perspective of both those who benefited from the system, and those who fought against it. Finally, a discussion of the impact of apartheid on black South Africans is presented.
From the Paper
"Further segregation was created when the Natives Act of 1923 was enacted, which restricted movement in white urban areas. The laws stated that black were only allowed in urban areas for labor, and that any black township was to be created away from the white urban centers. Further, all blacks and those of mixed decent were required to carry pass cards at all times in white areas, further restricting their access (Falola, 198)."
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Apartheid in South Africa, 2005.
A discussion regarding the question of whether in the 1970s, General Motors should have opened a manufacturing plant in South Africa.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper considers a plan by General Motors as to whether or not to build a plant in South Africa in the 1970s to take advantage of the access to cheap labor. F\The paper discusses how from a social point of view though there are good reasons why GM might not want to take this action. For one thing blacks are paid far less than whites in South Africa for doing the same job and whites in South Africa are paid far less than a laborer in the United States.
From the Paper
"African history after the arrival of Europeans was a history of racial attitudes continuing after the end of the colonial era. In the modern era, apartheid was the major social structure affecting every aspect of South African society and South African relations with other parts of the world. Historians do not agree on the reason for the development of apartheid. What is clear is that more and more laws were passed to enforce a division of the races. Blacks were subject to searches, needed passes, were restricted in where they could live and work, and were generally treated differently than whites. Both races, however, were prevented from mixing. General Motors must decide whether or not to build a manufacturing facility in apartheid South Africa. From a business point of view, this could be justified on the basis of access to cheap labor."
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South African Apartheid Legislation, 2006.
A look at the success of legislation, introduced into 1950s South Africa, that was intended to suppress black interests in order to ensure white dominance.
3,197 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how throughout the 1950s, the government of South Africa passed extensive legislation in an attempt to suppress the African population and ensure the dominance of white South Africans. In order to evaluate the success of government attempts to stifle black interests, it considers the impact of legislation passed during the 1950s. More specifically, the paper analyzes legislation regarding social, political and economic factors. It considers the impact of legislation relating to relationships between the different racial groups and government attempts to control the education of African children. The paper also analyzes the success of the government's attempts to protect the industrial interests of white workers by limiting the employment opportunities available to Africans.
From the Paper
"The restriction of black economic interests also played a key role in Government attempts to ensure white dominance. The Government's influx control policies were closely linked to economic factors; Posel contends that the Native Affairs Department viewed its influx control strategy as a method of 'rational' distribution of African labour between the cities and white farms. Verwoerd claimed that in the long-term apartheid required 'purposeful and deliberate economic segregation, not only by means of colour bars in regard to Bantu labour in white areas. But also by mechanisation of all labour activity to such an extent that the need for Bantu labour be reduced to a minimum' (Barnard, 'Thirteen Years', page 40). Beinart claims that the apartheid planners attempted to protect the interests of white workers and control the position of Africans in the labour market."
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Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography, 2008.
An analysis of Mark Mathabane's book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography", specifically focusing on apartheid in South Africa and the appalling prejudice and segregation between blacks and whites under the regime.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography" by Mark Mathabane. Mathabane's book allows the reader to enter the South African world of apartheid and understand more about the system as it worked in South African life. Apartheid, a system of separation and segregation between blacks and whites existed in South Africa until 1994, and it drove a wedge between the people, the country, and its relationship with the world. This paper discusses how the book shows the deep wedge between races, and how much blacks suffered under the system. Furthermore, it looks at how Mathabane's story makes the time of apartheid real to the reader, and shows how prejudice and hatred can tear a people and a country apart. It also discusses that even with apartheid and racism, the author still deeply loves his home country.
From the Paper
"As the book continues, it is difficult to believe some of the atrocities and outrages were allowed to continue as long as they did. The whites oppressed the blacks and other minorities so completely, it was difficult for them to even survive. For example, Mathabane's father is arrested simply for being unemployed, one of the 'worst' offenses a black man could commit in South Africa. Some of the situations would be laughable, if they were not so real, and many of them are remarkable. Blacks are not allowed to own houses, and the government can tear down their ghetto on a whim, leaving entire families homeless and desperate. Yet, the whites, who enjoy an incredibly high standard of living, do nothing to ease the tensions and inequalities in their country. It is as if there are two separate countries, united only by the name, 'South Africa,' and the as the book continues, it draws the reader in, until they feel as if they are a part of the fight for freedom. It also makes them feel outrage that such atrocities were allowed to continue for so very long."
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