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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, AU$ 160.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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Druidism and Animal Experimentation, 2004.
A discussion on Druidic attitudes towards animals and animal experimentation.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from a Druidic stand-point, animal experimentation and testing on animals would be deemed unethical, immoral, and against the beliefs and teachings of Druidism. It looks at how many modern Druids would probably reiterate that it is indeed against their beliefs, due to their strong ties to nature and the animal world. It discusses how, although some may argue that sacrifices played a role in Druidism, Druid rituals actually only required the use of animal bones or skins; animals were never used to experiment upon or abused for trophies. It also explores how Druids used animal remains and plants for medicinal reasons, as well as religious purposes.
From the Paper
"By all accounts, Druids lived close to nature, where Nature and animals played a key role in their beliefs. They did not believe in fighting or war, but more in education and the sciences of philosophy, astronomy and poetry. There was a strong bond between man and animal, with many of the deities in Druidism had physical similarities to animals. Elements of nature ?were inhabited by guardian spirits? (Pollack, pg226) and ?the importance of animals in the religious life can also be seen in the fact that of the eight Druid festivals of the year, four of them, known as the Fire Festivals, are particularly related to the pastoral life of animal rearing and agriculture? (Carr-Gomm, pg8)."
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Science and Technology in Animal Rights Literature, 2005.
Examines representations of science, scientists and technology within the animal rights movement, analyzing animal rights literature.
8,000 words (approx. 32.0 pages), 45 sources, APA, AU$ 289.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the animal rights movement as presented in literature published by animal rights activists. It first presents the negative attitudes within the animal rights movement towards science and scientists. Next, it examines the animal rights movement's position in society in order to show how this movement is infiltrating the current paradigm of both scientific and lay society. The paper then examines each of the three areas of animal experimentation (biomedical research, product testing, and education). Surveying each of these three, the paper presents the argument posed by the animal rights activists against the use of animals and then presents examples of scientific and technological alternatives currently in use.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Negative Attitudes Towards Science and Scientists
Animal Rights in Society
Biomedical Research
Product Testing
Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Pressures to accelerate legislation concerning the use of animals in scientific experimentation have resulted in legislative mandates under discussion in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. Bills introduced in both 1988 and 1989 (known as the Consumer Products Safety Testing Act) would require Federal agencies to promulgate regulations specifying that non-animal tests be used whenever possible. When specific non-animal alternatives are found to be less valid, agencies would be required to publish explanations and justifications of continued animal use."
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Animal Testing in the United States, 2000.
Examines the procedures and rules governing animal testing, reviews alternative methods and looks at the history of the animal rights movement.
3,795 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 35 sources, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
From the Paper
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
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Animal Experimentation, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems of cruelty to animals through animal experimentation.
515 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper states that about 20 million animals are cruelly killed per year for product testing. The author feels that alternative means of testing can be used.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Death and Injury Rate
Drug Testing
Horror in the Lab
Tests Performed
Alternatives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It?s hard to imagine the cruelty some animals are subjected to during experimentation. Last year, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a researcher was videotaped ?using scissors to cut the heads off conscious, unanaesthetized animals before removing their brains (Heyde, 2002).? The researcher admitted doing it for convenience, though it violated university protocol."
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Animal Rights, 2007.
This paper explores the subject of animal rights and looks at the debate over animal experimentation.
909 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the nature of animal rights necessarily converges upon the modern debate of animal experimentation. After all, the writer points out, if it is morally acceptable to experiment upon animals, then one has said something important about the extent to which non-humans can have rights within society. Additionally, the writer notes that one can make further claims as to the type of experiments that are morally justifiable and precisely which animals may be afforded any rights. Overall, the writer maintains that the case for animal rights must center upon what types of organisms can reasonably be protected under the law -- if they can voluntarily act under the confines of law.
From the Paper
"First, it must be established that human societies have been formed for the mutual advantages of those within them. Each person, as a member of society, is required to contribute something to its overall functioning, and in doing this, they are allowed to receive the contributions of others. So, the criterion for becoming a legal member of a society is that you are able to freely choose to make a contribution or not. So, despite the observation that animals may be able to contribute something to human life that is mutually beneficial--like a puppy providing us with happiness and us providing it with food--it is irrational to assert that animal species should be allowed to choose whether to enter into this bargain or not. Society is not designed, and cannot be designed, for animal benefit in general; only specific examples of mutual advantage can be found. Therefore, not all animals can have legal rights as citizens."
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Animal Rights, 2008.
A discussion on how ethics and morality extend to matters associated with the treatment of animals.
3,528 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes and critiques several different theories associated with the ethical treatment of animals. The paper focuses on the treatment of animals as it relates to hunting and trapping animals, eating animals, using animals for research, and the manner in which domestic and wild animals are treated. The paper summarizes and critiques several theories including anthropocentrism, animal liberation, strong animal rights theory, weak(er) animal rights theory, two-factor egalitarianism, biocentric egalitarianism and ecocentric views.
Outline:
Introduction
Anthropocentrism
Animal Liberation
Biocentric Egalitarianism
Weak Animal Rights Theory
Strong Animal Rights Theory
Two Factor Egalitarianism
Ecocentric Views
Opinion Concerning Ethical Issues and the best Theory to Address These Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, as it relates to the manner in which domestic and wild animals are treated, there must be standards associated with their treatment. As it relates to domestic animals there are many laws that govern their treatment and the responsibilities that owners have for their pets. As it relates to wild animals there is a definite need to have animals at zoos for the purpose of educating people. If an animal is near extinction people might have more compassion and a greater understanding of the plight of the animal if they were educated about their existence and why it needs to be preserved. Educating people may also challenge them to do what they can to preserve a particular species. As with domestic animals there are rules a regulations that govern the treatment of animals at zoos and aquariums, these regulations should be adhered to and in some cases the laws. "
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Animal Shelters, 2002.
Looks at the ethical issues surrounding animal shelters for abandoned and lost animals.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
A major issue in animal protection is how we care for the animals we have domesticated for our own companionship. The existence of animal shelters all over the country, for the purpose of rescuing deserted, unwanted or abused animals, is evidence that the world faces serious ethical issues on many levels when it comes to the ethical and humane treatment of animals. This paper looks at the difficulties (both financially and ethically) faced by animal shelters. It discusses the process of euthanasia and alternative forms of saving abandoned animals.
From the Paper
"Because of these problems, some organizations have formed to rescue animals the shelters can no longer keep. One example is the animal rescue organization called ?Home at Last.? This organization recognizes that many municipal shelters are overwhelmed by the number of animals they receive. Rather than see the animals euthanized for lack of space and resources to care for the animals, ?Home at Last? takes the animals and puts them in foster homes until permanent owners can be found for them. ?Home at Last? is located in Berkley, California, and has a website with pictures of animals available for adoption.Their mobile adoption program brings animals out into the community.They also have a lost and found section on their website so owners and pets can be reunited."
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Animal Testing, 2005.
This paper argues against animal testing.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that people might talk about the benefits of animal testing but it is established that animal testing can delay the production of drugs, which would be beneficial to the humans, because they expressed adverse reactions in the animals. The author suggests that there are other alternatives to animal testing including test tube experimentation of human tissue cultures. The paper states that, even though it is difficult to measure the degree of pain and stress caused animals through this inhumane treatment of animals, which no legislation can prevent, this use of animals is immoral and unethical.
Table of Contents
Animal Testing - The Cons
Animal Testing - The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Moreover, vivisection does not guarantee the accuracy of the treatment as human diseases differ from animal diseases and the result can be very misleading at times. Further the therapy of the drug differs depending on the species that it is used upon. Therefore a drug might have beneficial effects on a monkey but it could have adverse effects on a human. Belladonna is harmless to rabbits but can kill a human. More examples like these are seen throughout history and one was seen in England where Opren, an anti-rheumatic drug, caused the death of over 70 people and put over 3000 people into critical conditions."
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Animal Products, 2002.
An essay on the lack of impact of animal rights activists on producers of animal products and consumers.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This essay enumerates and defends the lack of impact by animal rights activists on producers and consumers of animal products, despite common arguments and convincing tactics.
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| Essay # 100773 |
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Animal Rights, 1999.
This is an argument against supporting PETA and animal rights activists.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper is an argument against PETA's policies regarding the protection of animals at all cost. The author argues that PETA and animal rights activists' policies have led to inequality in the world, and that the poorer nations are suffering as a result of these policies. The author also argues, that there is an order to the world, and that animals and humans each play a specific role in this world order.
From the paper:
"However it?s not acceptable at all for undeveloped or poor countries not having any of those advanced technologies. For instance, because of a lack of crops and vegetables, which results from not having advanced agricultural technology, people in poor and undeveloped countries need to get animals and eat their meat to survive. Besides, far from use and need, animals are like enemies to some tribal people. They have to fight with enemies, and they sometimes have to kill enemies in some cases. The policy of ?animal rights? is valid only for developed countries, and it indicates that such animal rights organizations like PETA mostly consist of people from advanced countries with great consideration for animals and no consideration for the needy elsewhere in the world."
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"Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair", 2002.
An analysis of J. Baird Callicott's "Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair" which discusses the morality of keeping domestic animals.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss J. Baird Callicott's "Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair" and argue for the case of wild animals versus domestic animals on a basis of morality. An argument will be made to prove that J. Baird Callicott is correct to suggest that a significant moral distinction should be drawn between wild and domestic animals.
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Animal Experimentation, 2005.
A discussion of the alternatives to animal experimentation and why they should be considered.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the argument that alternative research methods exist and have been proven to be more accurate, less expensive and less time-consuming than cruel animal experimentation. It explains however, that those who benefit financially from experimenting on animals or supplying vivisectors with cages, restraining devices, food for caged animals and tiny guillotines to destroy animals insist that most medical advances has been made through the use of animal testing. It concludes that while most drugs and procedures must now be tested on animals before hitting the market, this does not mean that animal experiments are invaluable or irreplaceable. Alternative methods are a viable option.
From the Paper
"Vivisection, the practice of experimenting on animals, started as a result of religious prohibitions against the dissection of human corpses (WAVA, 2005). By the time these prohibitions were taken away, the practice of animal vivisection for medical, cosmetic and military purposes, had become common practice in various institutions around the world. Animals are subjected to tremendous suffering for the sake of science and technological advancement (WAVA, 2005). Estimates of animals tortured and killed in U.S. scientific laboratories range from 17 to 70 million per year."
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