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| Essay # 75374 |
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Environment and Native Americans, 2006.
This paper looks at the Native American population with relation to the environment.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that American Indians historically, have been the pioneers of environmental protection, even though the true authentic image of Native American environmental ethic has been distorted in the wake of romantic environmentalism. The writer looks at how the American Indians have transformed the North American landscape, but mentions that it was always out of rational response to abundance or scarcity. Further, the writer examines the history of the American Indians as it relates to the environment. In this paper, the writer concludes that individually successful Americans need to consider the fact that their acceptability for the Native Americans is necessary for a secured America of tomorrow.
From the Paper
"Environment at large has been subject to small-scale destruction throughout history and people have always considered it as infinitely durable and usable, the largest part of environmental problems has its origin in the economy developing over four centuries of American existence. This period was characetrized by the growth of industries which resulted in emissions that had a negative bearing on the environment. These developments apply pressure on the earth's resources, the processes of production, use, and disposition of things Post Columbian Americans required for their reproduction and expansion. The indirect effects on the environment were taken for granted as environment was considered elastic. However harking back to the early twentieth century, the efforts of Aldo Leopold towards the conservation of environment Wisconsin River were immense, to this date he is regarded as a great environmentalist, amidst mounting industrialization and technology leaving by-products of pollution and exhaustion of natural resources. Doling out with conservative backlash from the white Americans, American Indians have stood by with grace to work for the preservation and purgation of environment."
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Leslie Marmon Silko's "Yellow Woman", 2006.
A review of the folktale "Yellow Women" written by Native-American Leslie Marmon Silko.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the belief of many that folktales are a dead media and lessons taught through folktales have no relevance in our current society. This paper also investigates Leslie Marmon Silko's argument in "Yellow Woman," that it's just the opposite, that folktales can still be very much a part of our present and future.
From the Paper
"Within Leslies Silkos' work the narrator seems confused about her role in the story. The narrator is split minded that she is possible the yellow woman from her grandfathers story and question the stories legitimacy. One way she finds herself connected to the past living story, yet realizes she is in the present and old folktales like yellow woman do not occur anymore.
Another point Silko brings out is the Yellow Woman is unnamed as is the current narrator, leaving the reader with an open opinion. (Explain more here).
Throughout "Yellow Woman," the narrator plays the role of the yellow woman despite her disbeliefs. So why does the narrator lead herself to robbery and intercourse? The narrator is pressured many ways into becoming the yellow woman one including her grandfather."
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Christopher "Kit" Carson (1809-1868), 2006.
A biography of Christopher "Kit" Carson.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the life of Christopher "Kit" Carson, an almost mythic character in American history. He played an important role in the United State's expansion as a major player in the government's war with the Navajo Indians, finally forcing them off their lands. The paper reports on Carson's childhood. As his father died when he was nine years old, the need to work prevented him from ever receiving an education. His story is remarkable because in his lifetime Carson played so many roles that aided in Westward expansion in addition to Indian fighter: mountain man, trapper, guide, and sheep rancher. Both during and after Carson's life, astounding stories were told about his bravery, great strength and heroic deeds he had performed. The paper concludes that the story of Carson reveals both the good and the bad; while playing an important role in the Untied States expansion, he participated in important ways in subjugation and mistreatment of Native Americans. He was an army officer who followed his orders, but today those actions are recognized as wrong. His life is an example of those complex times.
From the Paper
"Christopher "Kit" Carson, who was born in 1809 and died in 1868, has become an almost mythic character in American history. He started out as an apprentice to a saddle-maker, but made his way to the West, where he became a fur trapper and guide. He started out enjoying good relationships with Native Americans and even married Native American women twice in his life. Eventually he was an officer in the Civil War, and he played a major role in the American government's war with the Navajo Indians, finally forcing them off their lands."
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Modern Civil Rights Legislation, 2006.
A brief look at the growth of the modern Civil Rights Movement and civil rights legislation in the USA.
1,093 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Civil Rights Acts of 1950s and 1960s, discussing the influential factors of determining the differences, and the effect that it had on the African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans and Native Alaskans.
From the Paper
"The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin, was the most far-reaching bill on civil rights of the modern era (Modern 156). The major provisions of this act outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration, barred discrimination in public accommodations, such as hotels and restaurants, authorized federal prosecution to desegregate public schools and facilities and the withholding of federal funds, established the right to equality of opportunity in employment, and expanded the power of the Civil Rights Commission and extended it life (Modern 156).
Violence perpetrated against protesting African Americans and whites in the South led to a dramatic change in the climate of public opinion, thus spurring the passage of the 1964 act (Modern 156). Moreover, many believe that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 had a significant effect on the national conscience, thus the act served as a tribute by Congress to the martyred President (Modern 156). However, the act was passed only after an eighty-three day filibuster, the longest in the history of the Senate, and cloture was imposed for the first time to cut off a civil rights filibuster (Modern 157). "
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Biography of Theodore Roosevelt, 2006.
An exploration of the life of Theodore Roosevelt.
944 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the life of the 26th President of the United States of America, Theodore Roosevelt. It explores the achievements and failures of this past US president, both as president and in his personal life.
From the Paper
"Although somewhat enchanted with teaching as a career, Theodore soon became a candidate for the 21st Assembly district and served in three sessions between 1882 and 1884. On October 27, 1880, he married Alice Hathaway Lee who died four years later following the birth of daughter Alice Lee. At twenty-six, Theodore became a delegate to the Chicago Republican National Convention and soon after wrote six more books, one being The Winning of the West in 1889. On December 2, 1886, he married Edith Kermit Carow and soon became a prominent supporter of Republican ideals.
In May of 1889, President Harrison made Roosevelt a civil service commissioner in Washington, where he learned the inner workings of the capital. His new political philosophy was then addressed in American Ideals and Other Essays (1897) and always maintained that his greatest wish as a politician was to "keep out the crooks in Washington and protect the competent and the common man" (Mowry, 78)."
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Violence in American Sports Today, 2006.
A review of published opinions regarding the violence exhibited on the sports fields of American high schools, colleges and universities.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the tremendous growth of participation in amateur athletic events over the past few decades in terms of their scope, power and economic status and that in the United States alone, amateur athletics involve the lives and athletic experiences of people from their childhood through high school and college and beyond. This paper also discusses how high school and college sports are one of the most popular and important aspects of academic life today and that the camaraderie and fellowship that can emerge among sports players can possibly last a lifetime. The focus of this paper is on a disturbing trend towards violence in sports that has emerged in recent years. While injuries and mishaps can reasonably be expected to take place in any sporting event, there is frequently a fine distinction between intimidating tactics and violence that can result in serious injuries on the sporting field.
From the Paper
"While violence in collegiate sports has received much attention in recent years, a less publicized problem also exists. College athletes are highly popular figures on campus and in communities, but they are being unfairly treated in terms of how they are compensated for their efforts. While the performance of these student athletes on the field or court provides millions of dollars in revenue for universities, these students receive only their scholarships (usually comprised of tuition, room, and board), but no spending money. Furthermore, under current NCAA regulations, these student athletes are prohibited from even working part-time during the season. "Athletes have been caught trying to make money by getting loans from coaches and advisers," the author says, "selling the shoes and other gear they get as team members, taking allowances from agents, and getting paid for no-show summer jobs provided by jock-sniffing alumni--all violations of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules" (38). "
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Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee, 2006.
A paper on the Ghost Dance religion and its role in the Wounded Knee massacre.
6,069 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 225.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Ghost Dance religion and how it spread to Native American tribes. The paper discusses the history of the Native Americans from the time of Andrew Jackson until the Wounded Knee massacre, and demonstrates how the Native Americans were pushed farther and farther westward, and eventually limited to a very small area. The paper explains how the United States army and government's fear of the Ghost Dance religion led to the Wounded Knee massacre, describing the events of the massacre, and the political issues surrounding the massacre and the Ghost Dance religion.
From the Paper
"James Mooney writes in The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890 that the essential part of the teaching of the Ghost Dance is the doctrine that the world is old and worn and the time is near for its renewal (Mooney 661). The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious revivalist movement that spread through the Plains Indians and other ethnic groups during the 1890's and due to a culmination of events is forever linked to the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 (Ghost pp)."
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"Removal of the Cherokee", 2006.
This paper looks at the forcible transfer of the Cherokee people from their lands in the United States.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This article, glancing at the book, "The Cherokee Removal", discusses the expulsion of the Cherokee people from their homeland, making way for white Americans. The writer looks at the forcible expulsion of an ethnic and cultural group from its homeland in the United States. In the above-mentioned book, the author claims that in the end, this transfer of the Cherokee people proved to be beneficial to all concerned. This paper examines the expulsion and the writer of this article argues that this forcible removal was not in fact favorable to both groups involved. The writer maintains that the "migration of the Cherokee across the Mississippi" was perhaps not in all parties' best interests.
From the Paper
"First, the differences between late 19th century United States worldviews and those of the Cherokee are examined; a grasp of the difference between these ideals is essential to understanding the differences in each group's priorities. A few of the specific factors which the quote depends on are examined, such as the attitude of President Andrew Jackson, the potential uses of the Cherokee homelands, and objections raised by white defenders of the Indians. Finally, how these ideals affected the reality of each group-how one's notion of justice, for example, influenced one's actions, is explored."
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Puritan Colonists and American Indians, 2006.
This paper looks at the history of the Puritan colonists and the American Indian tribes.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the meeting of the two different cultures of the Puritan colonists and the Native Americans. The writer states that in order to understand how the Indian tribes and the colonial settlers interacted, one firstly has to understand something about the basic differences of culture and attitudes between the two different groups. One of the most important facts with regard to Native American cultures, one which many people do not realize, is that there was no Indian national unity. Rather the Indian tribes were essentially separate and went their own way; with many differences in social customs and perceptions between the different tribes. The writer describes that this explains much of the confusion and misunderstanding that took place when the two cultures met. This is especially true when it comes to the reaction of the white settlers who often saw the Indian tribes as a unified threat against their existence.
From the Paper
"On the other hand there was a very different cultural perspective from the settler's point of view. The white colonists were used to thinking in terms of national and social unity. They therefore tended to assume that the Native Americans were a unified threat and were therefore suspicious of the Indian tribes. Therefore many Native Americans would encounter hostility and fear when they first met the colonists that would also create a sense of uncertainly and suspicion among the Indians.
A further aspect that would have influenced the relationships and contacts between the two groups was the idea of private property. Generally the Native Americans did not have a concept of private property, but rather believed in sharing what they had with others. The colonists, being unaware of this different attitude, would have been suspicious and would have feared that their property was in danger."
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The Origins of Scalping, 2005.
This paper argues that the origins of ritual of scalping was not with the American Indians but with the Europeans.
2,625 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, despite the meager archaeological and anthropological findings that scalping was evident in pre-Columbian America, there is overwhelming proof that scalping originated in Europe and was imported by the Colonists to North America. The author presents the history of the long European tradition of scalping, which commenced as early as the 7th century B.C. with the Canute or Cnut, and continued throughout history even becoming entrenched in the etymology of European languages. The paper states that the Indians were not the original savages but rather the Europeans, who legitimized the practice of scalping with the Scalping Proclamation of 1756 by the governor of Pennsylvania, who offered rewards for the scalps of Indians---men, women and children. Many quotes. Illustration.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Argument
The Scythians
Scalping Traditions in Europe
The importation of Scalping
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Counter to this perspective is the more conventional and generally accepted view that scalping was a rite and practice that can be found in pre-Columbian America. This assertion is based on a few archeological finds which hint at the practice of scalping through physical marks on skulls. However, there is no unanimity that these archeological finds are conclusive proof of the earlier practice of scalping by the indigenous inhabitants of the continent."
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European Influence on Native American Tribes, 2006.
This paper examines the continuing and devastating impact the Europeans, particularly the English, have had on the Native American people.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The writer of paper explores the current situation affecting the majority of the once proud Native Americans who now suffer from alcohol and substance abuse as well as declining general health. This paper historically details the life of Native Americans prior to the arrival of the English. The Native Americans lived in relative harmony with their surroundings and as contributing members to the land. This paper examines how the arrival of the English brought with them domination and a disrespect for the harmonious way of life the Native Americans had adopted. This paper discusses the fact that the English introduced alcohol to the Native-Americans. Prior to the introduction of alcohol the natives were seen as fit, athletic and lean people, whereas the people of today are often seen as obese and sickly. The writer contends and explains why alcohol is not the only problem introduced by the Europeans. This paper examines the the cultural genocide that has occurred among the natives who suffer from higher than average death rates, higher tuberculosis rates and a generally poor overall level of health.
From the Paper
"Alcohol abuse is no the only problem introduced by the Europeans; today as a result of the cultural genocide that has occurred among the Native Americans, people living in these communities often suffer from higher than average general death rates, higher infant mortality and childhood death rates, higher tuberculosis rates and a general poor overall level of health regardless of ones age. In addition there is a generally inaccessibility to adequate health care facilities and a tremendous lack of preventive programs for health improvement among the population, all of which can contribute to an increased abuse of alcohol and other addictive substances. Most natives probably content themselves with living an impoverished lifestyle and have to turn to substances to take their mind off of the poor quality of life and healthy they must endure day after day."
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Art in Non-Western Society, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes a Native American Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the artistic and cultural significance of an Iroquois ritual object; a turtle rattle, ca 1890, which was found in North America. This paper contains a detailed description of the object, a large turtle rattle which is composed of the complete shell and skin of a snapping- turtle, 12-14 inches long, with head and neck stretched and held by stick splints to form a handle. The writer describes how this and other similar objects were used in Native Americans ceremonies and healing rituals. This paper delves into the significance of this and other artistic objects that were intrinsic to the native way of life. These objects were created in prehistoric times for utilitarian purposes.
Table of Contents:
Brief Description
Description
Research
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The turtle rattle was also a musical instrument in ceremonial use. One of its most important functions was its significance in the False Face ceremonies. One of the most distinguishing features of the Iroquois belief system is the reliance on the mask for religious and ritual purposes. These masks are often designated as False Faces. This term refers to the first False Face and the mythical origins of protective and healing spirits. They are used in introductory and agricultural rituals. The turtle rattles play a significant part in these important rituals. The turtle rattle is therefore integrated with the overall understanding of the origin myths of the Iroquois Indians. The turtle rattle is also seen as a powerful object in its own right and not just a decorative or musical piece."
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Tenure Discrimination: A Personal Narrative, 2006.
This article describes a personal battle against discrimination in an application for university tenure.
3,032 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 140.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author describes the reasons why she had to resign from her university post. She considers herself a Native American, despite her being Jewish. The author goes on to tell her story, why she was made to resign from her post in the Native American studies department. She also recommends, for all academics who are trying to get tenure, to ask a few pertinent questions of their departments before even applying. For example, she suggests that a prospect should inquire among his prospective faculty colleagues if they think that the decolonization of Native peoples is a significant issue today. The author carries on discussing her bitter experiences, emphasizing that because she is not the classic Native American, she was discriminated against. She concludes that it is better to work with your colleagues and find a common understanding, than to try and fight them.
From the Paper
"Cornel Pewewardy calls for all of us to have a firm grounding in the discourse of the deconstruction of racial categories. He states that guilt and fear prevent too many from fully addressing the discourse and its ramifications "most of us are in denial about 'race' and 'hegemony' and do little committed thinking about race matters." Genocide and colonization are of course at the root of the guilt and fear; these historical processes will continue to erode every aspect of Native life until they are addressed both by dominant society and Native societies. Along with other Native academics and grassroots people, Pewewardy points to the need to "reach deep into the spiritual wells of our different religious traditions in order to draw strength and grace with which to address the challenges of healing and nation building." Implying that some of the current leadership may not be inclined or in position to do what he and others have called for, he also states that "Along with fresh leaders, a new leadership ethos grounded in tradition must be put in place, one that promotes accountability to the peoples through the revival of traditional decision-making procedures." My tenure experience, in addition to my experience of several reservations convinces me that too few of the people with power to influence the course of Native communities act from a Native ethos that is deeply concerned with reproducing Native values into the future."
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Theories of Indian Migration, 2005.
Traces the geological origins of the American Indian tribe known as the Cherokees.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the geological evidence supporting the theory that the Cherokee Indians originally immigrated to North America via the Bering Strait, the body of water that separates Siberia from Alaska. The paper also looks at the scientific and anthropological theories of Indian immigration but concludes that the geological theory is not at all implausible.
From the Paper
"The Cherokee Indians were heirchial with each man's place being determined by his persoanl achievements in war and in hunting. The Cherokee knew that the resources of the earth were finite and wisely used the gifts of the earth. In the 1978 book entitiled "Americas' Facinating Indian Heritage" stated is that, "The American Indians still live today in "substandard, overcrowded dwellings with minimal sanitation, tuberculosis, influenza and penmonia....the suicide rate among Indian adolescents is 100 times that of whites....alcoholism is common place. " While some of the tribes did receive government settlements eventually many of these did not. (America's Facinating Indian Heritage, 1978 p.396-398) The Cherokee people lived a balanced life that did not take from the earth and environment but left it as they found it in the Cherokee tradition."
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Native American Tribes, 2006.
An examination in detail of the Potawatomi tribe.
1,651 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author looks at the origins of Native American tribes. In particular he looks at the Potawatomi tribe who has a lot of history affiliated with the state of Michigan. The author examines the early history of the Potawatomi tribe from their first origins in the area as far back as 1600. The paper examines the meaning of the name Potawatomi which is a translation of the Ojibwe "potawatomink" meaning "people of the place of fire", and looks at alternate names that have been given to this tribe. The author identifies special characteristics of this tribe and looks at their population growth over the years. In conclusion, the author looks at the modern day Potawatomi tribe and what they have achieved. He comments that they have assimilated into American society and that a general governing body has been set up to try and bring them back to their roots and make sure their original reservation land remains in their hands.
From the Paper
"Shortly after the French built Fort Ponchartrain at Detroit in 1701, groups of Potawatomi settled nearby. By 1716 most Potawatomi villages were located in an area between Milwaukee to Detroit. During the 1760s they expanded into northern Indiana and central Illinois. Land cessions to the Americans began in 1807 and during the next 25 years drastically reduced their territory. Removal west of the Mississippi occurred between 1834 and 1842. The Potawatomi were removed in two groups: the Prairie and Forest Bands from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin went to Council Bluffs in southwest Iowa; and the Potawatomi of the Woods (Michigan and Indian bands) were relocated to eastern Kansas near Osawatomie. In 1846 the two groups merged and were placed on a single reservation north of Topeka. Arguments over allotment and citizenship led to their separation in 1867. The Citizen Potawatomi left for Oklahoma and settled near present-day Shawnee. Most of their lands were lost to allotment in 1889. The Prairie Potawatomi stayed in Kansas and still have a reservation. Several Potawatomi groups avoided removal and remained in the Great Lakes."
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