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Jemaah Islamiyah, 2006.
A review of the terrorist organization, Jemaah Islamiyah.
3,029 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the roots and dynamics of Jemaah Islamiyah as an Islamic militant group and terrorist organization. This paper discusses the extant literature looking into the roots and dynamics of JI as a politico-religious organization.
Outline:
Introduction
II. Research Objectives
III. Roots of Jemaah Islamiyah as a Politico-Religious Organization
IV. Dynamics of Jemaah Islamiyah as a Politico-Religious
Organization: Links with Al Qaeda
V. Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"Chehab (2006) resounded the Singh's report on the dominant prejudice against militant groups like the JI, mainly because: (1) they use violence and/or force in accomplishing its holy war, and (2) they are allegedly collaborating and affiliating with Al-Qaeda in committing these terrorist/violent acts. If, more than anything, the offensive attack against Al-Qaeda further intensified the animosity between Muslims and Americans, proving that despite the prejudiced, dominant view against Muslims as terrorists, Chehab concedes that despite the crippling of Al-Qaeda as a terrorist group, "other groups have succeeded in making the arduous journey" (3). Whether these terrorist actions are motivated individually or collectively, the continuous commitment of terrorist attacks and "holy war" violent acts demonstrate that, as Wright-Neville posited earlier, the continuous dominance of the status quo, that is, US power and democracy as the dominant social order, results to the continued struggle of the Muslims to break this status quo."
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The Death Penalty Appeals Process, 2006.
An analysis of the US Court of Appeals process in death sentencing appeal cases.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the death penalty appeals process. The paper discusses the arguments that exist both for against and the long process that characterizes court appeal of a sentence of the death penalty.
Outline:
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Death Penalty Appeals Process
Summary
From the Paper
"The appeals process as related to the appeal of being sentenced to death is a long procedure which takes many years to transverse through. The inherent problem exists in that the government is responsible for feeding, housing, clothing and providing medical care for the individual who is on death row waiting out the appeals process however, that problem is much easier overcome than other problems associated with the death penalty itself. One of these problems is illustrated in the failure of courts to focus attention upon evidence at the time it presented itself but have instead taken the lives of innocent individuals not guilty of the crimes for which they were sentenced to die and then finally put to death."
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Environmental Treaties, 2007.
This paper examines the various treaties which have been designed to protect our environment.
2,699 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the Kyoto Treaty which the United States, a significant contributor for global warming, rejected out of fear of economic hardship. The paper discusses the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the Montreal Protocol, the Energy Charter Treaty, the Outer Space Treaty and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The paper contends that these agreements have the capability to greatly affect the present and future status of our global environment, but only if all nations without exception agree to their principles and guidelines.
From the Paper
"Since the advent of transcendentalism during the early to middle years of the 19th century in America, most notably linked to Thoreau and Emerson, numerous countries have created specific agreements aimed at protecting our natural environment. These agreements, known as treaties, can be defined as "formal agreements between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce or other international relations." Some of these treaties of recent and past origin include the Kyoto Protocol, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the Montreal Protocol, the Energy Charter Treaty, the Outer Space Treaty and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, all of which have been designed to protect our environment and assure that future generations will not be burdened by the environmental errors of today."
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Terrorism in Modern War, 2007.
This paper discusses how the role of terrorism has changed the direction and the future of modern war.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the three generations of warfare, the present generation being the fourth generation and the deadliest and most feared as well. The paper explains that modern war involves the use of technological weapons of mass destruction and terrorist attacks. The paper discusses the danger of terrorism; terrorists can effectively wage their war while being protected in the very same country they are attacking, they are prepared to sacrifice their lives and will use almost any type of common consumer good to create dangerous devices. The paper stresses the importance of decisions and deception to be used to protect our security today.
Outline:
Introduction and Topic Overview
Researched Materials: Three Generations of Warfare
The Fourth Generation of Warfare and Deception Tactics
Management Decisions in War
The Role of Terrorism in Modern War
Relation of Terrorism and Modern War to Current Events
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the five years that have passed since the deadly terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center, the role of terrorism in modern war as emerged as a discomforting topic of concern for citizens, government officials and the military branches alike. As a result, modern warfare has been transformed from what was previously defined as "low intensity conflicts typically in the form of proxy wars fought within local regional confines (Wikipedia, 2006)," to an existential threat from terrorism and the possible use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists. Terrorism has created a clear and present danger that terrorists will gain the capability to carry out catastrophic attacks on Europe and the United States using nuclear, biological or chemical weapons."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues surrounding the administration of the death penalty in the United States.
5,401 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate on the death penalty as more than a moral issue of whether it is ever permissible to intentionally kill, but rather as an ethical debate on how the death penalty is administered in the United States. It suggests that issues surrounding the administration of the death penalty, make a compelling case for abolishing capital punishment as a sentencing option in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Does The Death Penalty Deter Crime - And Do Americans Really Support It?
Arguments On Behalf Of Victims' Families Ring Hollow
The Wrongly Accused: DNA And Other Exonerations
Racism And The Death Penalty
Executing The Mentally And Psychologically Incompetent
Ineffective Counsel
Methods Are Not As Painless As Some Argue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When celebrities such as Robert Blake or O.J. Simpson are charged with murder, it is not uncommon for millions of dollars to be spent on their defense. While we may not expect such extremes when poor or middle-class people are charged with murder, we would expect that these defendants would at least have competent legal representation. Quite clearly, this is often not the case."
"For example, the state of Florida allocates only $3,500 for a person to defend themselves against murder charges when a private lawyer can not be afforded and a public defender is unavailable (Payne 2006). That is, in fact, much less than what one might expect to pay for a reliable used car, and yet it is all the money that is allocated for people trying to save themselves from execution. Further, the state also caps how much can be spent by the defense on appeal (no such cap exists for the prosecution), resulting in what State Supreme Court Justice Raoul Cantero has referred to as "some of the worst lawyering" he has ever witnessed (Payne 2006)."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
An examination of the debate concerning the ethics of stem cell research.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how stem cell research continues to be a controversial subject. It looks at how proponents note the variety of diseases that could be treated effectively by stem cell technology, from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's to spinal injuries to a variety of other diseases, many linked to heredity factors. It also discusses how opponents consider the use of embryonic stem cells unethical. Although the promise of embryonic stem cell technology is great, the question remains - is it worth the cost?
Outline
Introduction
Proponents
Opponents
The Hippocratic Oath and Stem Cell Research
An Alternative Acceptable to Everyone?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proponents must not only focus on the possible good of embryonic stem cell research, but must also address the question of moral status of the embryo. In so doing, it is noted that an embryo, at the stage of development for stem cell cultivation, has "no central nervous system, no brain, no capacity to suffer, they consist of a few hundred cells" ("No problems", 2006). Even when embryos are naturally conceived, there is a high natural rate of embryo failure, which makes the assertion that an embryo is a person even more difficult."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2007.
This paper discusses the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper details recent legislation on assisted suicide known as the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. David Gil's Policy Analysis Framework is used to analyze the new law. According to Gil's analysis, the "objective" of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act is to settle the dispute as to what the desires of an incapacitated person really are. The author concludes that as a result of the enactment of this law, the number of physician-assisted suicides will continue to grow, and disability supporters will protest and try to bring awareness to the general public.
From the Paper
"The danger of defining "terminal" with time limits or definitions of illness is that these limits may be defined differently by different doctors. In the Netherlands "terminal" is simply "concrete expectancy of death" and time limits and definitions of "terminal illness" have been fastidiously avoided, to protect both the ill and their physicians when a terminal illness or mental state cannot be judged within these limits. Patients may suffer long past the six months that the doctor assumes is remaining for the patient. (Marker, 2006) In Oregon, the legal interpretation of "terminal disease" is "an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgment, produce death within six months." [1995 c.3 s.1.01; 1999 c.423 s.1] (Definitions, 12)"
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Stem Cell Research Proposal, 2005.
A research proposal regarding the future of stem cell research.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This proposal outlines a plan to research the future of stem cell research. According to the paper, stem cell research is an extremely volatile topic worldwide due to the abilities it can potentially create for the medical field. The plan proposes to explore the history of stem cell research, the uses it currently offers, the controversy surrounding its use and what the future of the field seems to be.
Outline:
Summary
Introduction
The Problem
Objectives
Proposed Procedure
Library
Experts
Survey
Data Collection
Task Target
Budget
From the Paper
"Studies have been conducted for the purpose of identifying the most pressing ethical issues in the area of stem cell research. These studies have aimed their objective at helping to inform the issue of policy making by providing the ethical questions in research format. While these are important studies that have answered many of the more pressing questions the measurement of public feelings and support are what will ultimately drive the policy decisions regarding stem cell research. A recent Canadian study targeted a population of participants who were sent email messages asking them to provide their feelings and ideas about what the most pressing issues surrounding stem cell research are. "Responses were collated and categorized under broad topic areas. The topics were then reviewed by a panel of experts through teleconference discussions(Ogbogu, 2006)."
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The Morning-After Pill, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of the morning after pill, or the emergency contraceptive pill, in the United States.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the use and availability of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) in the US. The writer argues in favor of this contraceptive method, citing statistics that demonstrate its need and benefit. Also discussed is recent legislation regarding ECP and FDA approval of various types of this drug. The author also details the confusion and misinformation associated with ECP. The author concludes that emergency contraception pills are a safe and effective method of preventing unplanned pregnancies.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Background of the Problem
Discussion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Emergency contraception is commonly known as the morning after pill. The name comes from the fact that these methods of birth control are used after a person has had unprotected sex. Unplanned pregnancies are common around the world and it is believed that 50 million unwanted pregnancies are terminated every year globally. [1]In the United States alone, 1 million and more abortions could be prevented with more widespread use of emergency contraceptives."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
Presents an argument in favor of the death penalty.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how capital punishment (also called the death penalty) is a highly contentious issue with both the advocates and opponents advancing numerous ethical, moral, and economic arguments for and against the continuance of the practice. While respecting the views of some of the committed pacifists who oppose capital punishment, the paper contends that we should maintain the death penalty in the United States for serious crime. It supports this contention by refuting some of the major arguments against capital punishment, besides presenting a few valid points in support of continuing the death penalty.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against the practice of death penalty is that it violates the 'right of life' of every individual. This argument, to my mind is preposterous, and an insult to the memory of the victims of serious crimes such as pre-meditated murders and rape of young children. How can a vicious murderer who has knowingly taken away an innocent life and callously disregarded the victims 'right to life' still lay claim to his own 'right to life'? I believe that such criminals, after taking away the life of another human being, forfeit their right to live, and the society then has an obligation to judge whether the crime was serious enough to deserve a death penalty."
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Illegal Immigration, 2007.
The paper discusses the controversial issue of illegal immigration in the US and argues for stricter immigration laws.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the difference of opinion between House Republicans and Democrats regarding illegal immigration. The paper maintains that as increasing numbers of illegal immigrants cross the borders of the United States, it is clear that a revamp of existing laws is needed. The paper is of the opinion that illegal immigration should be classified as a felony. This would make it not only illegal for undocumented aliens to remain in the country, but it would also make it a criminal act to assist them. The paper asserts that American citizens should not be obliged to financially support a hand of criminals and their offspring, they should be able to walk the streets safely and be granted the jobs they are entitled to.
From the Paper
"The illegal immigrant issue is age old in the United States, and just about that recent are the futile attempts to improve the situation on the matter. As we speak, some 4 percent of the United States' population consists of illegal aliens and President Bush's guest-worker program doesn't seem to be a solution either to the Republicans or the Democrats on the venture. The House Republicans and the Democrats have been arguing for almost a year whether illegal immigration should be made a felony on the US territory; at the moment it is only considered a misdemeanor but neither of the parts is satisfied with the situation. The Republicans are strongly against the guest-worker program as they consider it to be rewarding illegal immigrants, while the Democrats insist it is a good start but not enough measure, because it is only to bring a temporary solution to the 11 million immigrants."
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The Oregon Death With Dignity Statute, 2007.
An analysis of social work policy, focusing on legal euthanasia.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Oregon Death with Dignity statute. The paper discusses who the statute is likely to affect, and who the players are that have a vested interest. The paper further examines the ethics involved in doctor-assisted suicides. The paper explores the role that medical insurance companies play in supporting the statute. The paper concludes that the power of the statue should be in the hands of the public, not the physicians.
From the Paper
"The short term effect of the statute is that federal resources previously used to care for the elderly and terminally ill will be freed up to be allocated toward other uses. Since the statute effects the population in question, the public will not take any action to change the mindset of these ill individuals. Rather, their "right-to-die" will be supported. The long term effect of the statute is that no physician will be charged with manslaughter for facilitating an assisted suicide, or prosecuted under drug laws. More importantly, doctors will once again be in control of making all of the health care decisions. Those that probably do not really want to die will assess their current situation, and assume that the government is most likely right in its reach."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of crime and capital punishment.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that among the claims made about the death penalty by proponents of capital punishment is that the penalty is fairly applied so that it cannot be rejected as being applied more readily to any one group in society. The writer argues that this claim is false, and various analysts have shown how the poor are disadvantaged by the entire legal system and how minorities who kill whites are far more likely to be sentenced to death than anyone who kills another minority member. The writer notes that reforms of the entire justice system have been proposed, with the view that the unfairness extends to all crimes and not just to capital crimes. The writer concludes that it is not clear how any of the proposed solutions would affect problems in the system and unfairness in particular.
From the Paper
"More and more analysts have found that the death penalty is not applied equally and that there is often a racial component in the way some offenders are treated and sentenced. This view has not been accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, however, even as opponents of the death penalty cite statistics showing that the death penalty is racially discriminatory. These opponents have raised the issue in court with little success. They cite statistics to the effect that black murderers are far more likely than white murderers to get the death penalty, and that this is especially true if the victim was white. Statistics from Georgia show what happens. In that state, a black man accused of killing a white person is substantially more likely to receive the death penalty than a white person convicted of killing either a white or a black. Some forty six percent of the inmates on Georgia's death row are black, and most were sentenced to die for killing a white victim. Other states show similar statistics."
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Should Aliens Have The Same Rights As U.S. Citizens?, 2007.
An analysis of the rights of aliens in the United States and a discussion on whether or not they should be changed.
2,907 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rights of residents of the United States who are citizens of other countries (aliens). It discusses whether or not the amount of rights that aliens in the United States benefit from is in accordance with the International Law of Human Rights and religious and moral principles. The paper explores whether aliens should be awarded more rights or if they already have too many rights and discusses the implications of providing them with more rights.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aliens' Rights
Protests
Mexican Immigrants
Working Conditions for Illegal Aliens
Prejudice
Benefits for the Illegal Aliens
International Human Rights Legislation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the years, due to social pressure the illegal aliens have been granted a series of temporary benefits. They have been awarded amnesties at times. That is the granting of a legal statute into the country. They have had educational subsidies. In some states they have had drivers' licenses. One such benefit was the illegal alien identification card which was introduced in an effort to legitimize and control illegal migration. Especially the governments of the countries of origin of most of the aliens, like Mexico, were very important supporters of this card. This card is used if the alien is deported according to the laws. These cards have been strongly opposed by the American conservatives as they were thought to be aiding and abetting illegal migration."
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Bio Ethics & Globalization, 2006.
A discussion regarding the contentious issue of stem cell research.
1,428 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at stem cell research and the possibilities it holds for human development. The paper reviews the issues surrounding stem cell research and discusses both arguments for and against this science. The paper further discusses the impact that globalization has and will have on scientific development.
From the Paper
"This debate has been taken to a higher level as President Bush was required to take a stand in the matter. However, due to the fact that the debate became political, it demanded a wider approach and therefore the attention focused on the issue of abortion and the presidential opinion on the problem. Practical issues such as vote numbers make a clear position to be highly improbable. The issue of federal funding of the research was somewhat dealt with by Bush who in the end, after a thorough analysis of the different points of view, decided that "Embryonic stem cell research offers both great promise and great peril. (...)This year, your government will spend $250 million on this important research. I will also name a President's council to monitor stem cell research, to recommend appropriate guidelines and regulations, and to consider all of the medical and ethical ramifications of biomedical innovation." (The White House, 2001)"
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Importing Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2007.
An analysis of the problems related to importing pharmaceutical drugs into the United States.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over loosening regulations on the import of foreign drugs into the United States. It discusses the high cost of many drugs in the United States and the issues of regulating drugs that are manufactured overseas. The paper then discusses ways that the problems of drug regulation can be overcome, by comparing it to the successful regulation of other industries that are responsible for safeguarding the public's health.
Table of Contents:
1.1 Introduction
2.1 Opposition To Wider Importation: Ineffective Drugs
2.2 Opposition To Wider Importation: The Canada Problem
3.1 Arguments For Importation: Solutions From Other Industries
3.2 Arguments For Importation: Controlling The Black Market
4.1 Conclusion
From the Paper
"The notion that quality cannot be controlled if the pharmaceuticals are manufactured in foreign countries rings a bit hollow, as other industries that are responsible for safeguarding the public's health have successfully overcome the same problem. For example, the water treatment and food processing industries, like many industries where poor quality could negatively impact the public health, have both heavily exported equipment and materials from Asian countries (Cupp, 2005)."
"The fact is that both the water treatment and food processing markets have created global standards that are enforced by a variety of certification bodies. Entities such as NSF (formerly the National Sanitation Foundation) and Underwriters Laboratories have certification programs that manufacturing entities around the world must apply to join. The organizations will visit a firm's manufacturing facilities, no matter where they are, and rigorously inspect the process and test the firm's products and processes at regular intervals (About NSF). When you see the NSF mark on commercial, residential or municipal water filters or on commercial or residential food processing equipment, you can be certain that the parent company has undergone this rigorous process."
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