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The Protect America Act, 2008.
This paper provides an in-depth review of the Protect America Act of 2007.
4,147 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Protect America Act of 2007, which is the modernized version of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The paper looks at how the Act modernizes the FISA and then examines the rationale behind it. The paper explains how this law addresses the missing and significant gaps in the securing of intelligence surveillance information about targets in foreign lands.
Outline:
How the Act Modernizes the FISA
Rationale Behind the Modernization of FISA
Changing the Concept of Electronic Surveillance
Extending the Wiretap Law
Across-the-Board Exemption
Spur of the Moment and Secret Order
President Bush's Urges
Implications of the Act
How It All Happened
"Reasonably Believed"
For National Security and "Other" Purposes
A Lowering of Standards
How the Act Would Work to Close the Dangerous Surveillance Gap
From the Paper
"The Protect America Act of 2007 is the modernized version of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act or FISA (Department of Justice 2007, GovTrack.us 2007). Sponsored by Senator Mitch McConnell on August 1 this year, it was enacted by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Act consists of permanent amendments to the FISA in order to keep the United States safe. It is designed to provide the intelligence community with necessary inputs about terrorists, America's enemies."
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Jemaah Islamiyah, 2008.
An in-depth review of the Jemaah Islamiyah Southeast Asian terrorist group.
4,091 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the Jemaah Islamiyah organization and their goal of creating an Islamic state in Southeast Asia. The paper discusses this terrorist group's origins, creation, current status, financing and ideology. The paper also shows how the organization's underground activities, the close international cooperation with so many other groups around the world, and the financing make it impossible for the organization to be terminated. The paper asserts that we can only closely monitor the organization and prevent other terrorist attacks that they are most likely planning.
From the Paper
"The main goal of the organization is of creating an Islamic state in Southeast Asia. Considering that Southeast Asia has the largest Muslim population in the world, it is no news that extremist Muslim organizations operate in the area. Jemaah Islamiyah is the strongest and most dangerous terrorist organization in the region particularly because of the great number of people that believe in the cause of the organization. The dimension of its attacks shows that Jemaah Islamiyah is an organization that is truly committed to its goals and that it should be dealt with in the most serious manner."
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Human Resources and Immigrant Reform, 2008.
This research paper examines the burden of human resource staff in complying with the expectations placed on them in hiring and managing personnel.
6,527 words (approx. 26.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 195.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how the laws and rules that have been created to discourage the hiring of undocumented workers present new challenges for human resource personnel within businesses and organizations in the United States. The paper provides a literature review and concludes that the best way to ensure compliance with the 1986 Act is for employers to maintain the appropriate documentation and to perform regular compliance audits. The paper makes a specific mention of the I-9 form that seems to be more important than any other in ensuring the compliance of an organization in attempting to accurately verify the status of new hires. The paper provides a glossary of terms used in the paper.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Results
Conclusion and Summary
From the Paper
"One of the intensely debated issues in America right now is the border between Mexico and the United States. In the past year, many states have responded to the impact of illegal aliens on their states' legal, economic, medical, educational and social systems by passing aggressive new rules and laws requiring landlords and employers to verify certain applicant information before providing housing or hiring employees in order to discourage the housing and hiring of undocumented tenants and workers (Green and Coibanu, 2006, p. 1203). The Department of Homeland Security has said that it is going to begin enforcing the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act on employers (The Washington Times, April 21, 2006, p. A01)."
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Immigration in "Chorus of Mushrooms", 2008.
An analysis of Hiromi Goto's book, "Chorus of Mushrooms" and the subjective presentation of the immigration phenomenon.
868 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Hiromi Goto's book, "Chorus of Mushrooms" that focuses on three generations of women; the eighty year old Naoe, her daughter Keiko and the granddaughter Muriel and their subjective view points on immigration. The paper explores the different positions taken by grandmother, daughter and granddaughter in relating to and accepting the new territories, cultures, language and people. The paper highlights how the subjectivism of the novel takes the immigration phenomenon out of its demographic and political context to look at it through the eyes of those leaving their homes.
From the Paper
"Five year old Naoe and her family were forced out of their home and thrown into the world in search of a new life. The need for a new life has taken Naoe to numerous towns, cities and even countries, eventually leading her to Canada at the age of sixty. The immigration motif is relevant to the Chorus of Mushrooms as it portrays the elements that define a large part of the population. Just as Naoe, most immigrants leave their houses with the hope of finding a better life. Some find it, while others don't. But what unites this large mass of immigrants is their constant longing for the places and the people they left behind, for the things they grew up with and for the things that first gave meaning to the word home."
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Scott Louis Panetti, Petitioner, 2008.
An analysis of the issues related to the motion filed by Scott Panetti stating that he was not fit to be executed for his crime due to mental illness.
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Petitioner Scott Panetti who was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death by a state court in Texas. It particularly focuses on Panetti's filing of a petition to the state court in which he stated that due to his mental illness, he could not be executed. The paper discusses the facts of the case, the issues and the opinions that affected its outcome.
Table of Contents:
Facts
Issues
Holdings
Rationale
Separate Opinions
Analysis
From the Paper
"The main argument used by Panetti's defence was that a death row and mentally unstable inmate could only be executed provided that he possessed "rational understanding." However, the court felt that such a standard was subjective and manipulative and would create a precedent on which death row inmates could escape the capital punishment. "Moreover, such a requirement - imported from the Court's Fifth and Sixth Amendment jurisprudence concerning defendants' strategic participation at the guilt and sentencing phases - is out of place at the moment of execution. Finally, the retributive and deterrent interests served by the death penalty - focused primarily as they are on society at large rather than the capital murderer - do not demand the "rational understanding" that Panetti urges.""
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Immigration Reform and Control Act, 2008.
An analysis of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and how changing laws in state and federal immigration reporting requirements will impact company human resource offices.
5,861 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 182.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. It specifically examines the burden and the critical role of human resource staffs in complying with the rules and laws that were put into place with this act. Finally, the paper discusses the expectations that have been placed on human resource staff in hiring and managing their personnel. It also looks at how compliance with current and changing laws in state and federal immigration reporting requirements will impact employer human resource offices. A glossary of terms is included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1 - Introduction
The Role of Human Resources in a Business or Organization
Human Resource Personnel and Undocumented Workers
Literature Review
Books
Journals
Magazine Articles
Newspaper Articles
Web Site
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Historical Data
Compliance Audit
Walmart and Tyson Foods
Hotel Industry
Small Business
Private Employers
Existing Numerical Data
Chapter 4 - Results
Problems and Limitations
Chapter 5 - Summary and Conclusion
Index
From the Paper
"The government's ability to impose and collect fines and penalties that support its departmental operations prove to be an incentive for aggressive enforcement. Human resource personnel must be diligent in hiring practices, and ensure that compliance is met on behalf of the organization they work for. The government is not going to accept an excuse of vagueness in law and reporting requirements as an excuse for non-compliance. However, the best approach seems to be wrapped up in the I-9 form. This form seems to be more important than any other in ensuring the compliance of an organization in attempting to accurately verify the status of new hires."
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Patterns of Immigration, 2008.
This paper analyzes the changes and social impact associated with immigration to the United States.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines immigration statistics from the 1930s to the 1980s that show significant shifts in immigration patterns. The paper discusses the high levels of German immigration during World War II that reflect the political and social chaos then. The paper then focuses on the 1950's shift from European immigration to Latin-American, namely Mexican immigration, that highlights many social issues. The paper concludes that as immigration is a basic social situation in America, based on the real and perceived standard of living and opportunity levels in the US, there is no doubt it will remain a strong social current in the nation.
From the Paper
"A great deal of the German (and other European) immigration, was in part associated with WWII and the preceding and following political and social chaos, that led many German's to seek immigration to America between the two world wars. The war within Germany, when many restrictions and changes made living very difficult, specifically for the Jewish population, created countless messages of the need to immigrate to a nation with fewer restrictions. (Lederhendler, 2007, p. 1) The war years, also increased immigration from Europe as the German hostilities spread throughout Europe and destruction and depravity reigned supreme."
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U.S. Intelligence Revolution, 2008.
This paper looks at the changes that have taken place in the field of intelligence in the United States and discusses that further transformations are required.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the transformations that occurred in the intelligence field after the Second World War and during the Cold War brought up what can be called an intelligence revolution because of the nature of these transformations. The writer points out that the United States experienced a rapid growth in military technique, but there was also an unprecedented international willingness to share intelligence. Considering these changes, the impact of the intelligence revolution on the evolution of the United States was considerable. The writer maintains that the technological developments in the intelligence field during the Cold War caused an intelligence revolution in the US which made it possible for the United States to have a great advantage over its enemies. The writer concludes that the supremacy of US intelligence has not been questioned until 2001, after the terrorist attacks. More and more voices now call for another intelligence revolution that would adapt the U.S. to the new circumstances.
From the Paper
"Before the Second World War the American intelligence was at a very low level, at least comparing to what followed. There was little valuable intelligence information related to the Soviet Union, Germany or Japan which was taken directly from the source, through field agents. American intelligence was mostly directed against internal threats represented by communist supporters and later, Nazi agents. However, this was the period when the transformations in the intelligence field began. US agents were making strides in code breaking and the organization of intelligence services began to function a little more complex.
"The message encoding represented the first step towards a more elaborate intelligence. This was most noticeable after the Pearl Harbour attacks and was focused especially on the Japanese. US efforts for cracking Japanese military messages intensified after the attacks and the leader in this effort was the Combat Intelligence Unit belonging to the US Navy. Due to the technical evolution, the US military was able to crack the Japanese code and intercept thousands of messages during the World War II."
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Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change, 2008.
A discussion of the purpose and expected outcome of the Kyoto Protocol.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol and how its formation can be considered a turning point with regard to climate change and global warming. It also describes the aims and goals of the Kyoto Protocol and whether it can be implemented successfully. The paper suggests that it will take many more decades before global warming and other climate changes which are caused by greenhouse gases will begin to decline.
From the Paper
"If it is true that humans are the ones who are affecting global warming, then humans must turn this detrimental propensity around. It has taken 150 years to get to this point, and it will take at least half as long to undo what has been done. That is why the Kyoto Protocol is so crucial at this point in history. The formation of the Kyoto Protocol is considered a turning point when humans decided to change longstanding harmful habits. The Kyoto Protocol cannot have any immediate results because nations throughout the world have just begun to harness and control their emissions. Fifty years ago one could hardly breathe in Tokyo, the air was so thick and it was not that long ago that the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles had yellow skies daily throughout the summer, with warnings to remain indoors. It has taken those cities a decade or two to cut back and clean up. It will take smaller, poorer nations, heavily yoked to industries run on fossil fuel for their livelihood much longer to change their energy sources and their economies."
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Global Warming, 2008.
This paper discusses the causes of global warming and looks at actions to reduce the damage.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that global warming occurs when the earth's average atmospheric temperature increases and leads to corresponding changes in climate. It may also be the consequence of a strong greenhouse effect. The writer points out that when the green house effect is strong, the earth's temperature becomes warmer than usual and creates problems for human beings, animals and plants. The writer maintains that the very real threat of global warming requires rising from the denial stage and assuming a genuine science-based approach to confront it. Minimizing political and economic damage is no longer the issue. The writer concludes that the survival of the species and the environment can no longer be denied or overlooked.
From the Paper
"Increased heat is only one of the dire consequences of global warming. When the amount of trapped heat reaches a certain level and becomes steady, heat waves may happen more frequently. Localized diseases may spill out into farther areas of the globe and for shorter periods each year. These diseases may also stay longer in those afflicted. Deadly gases and other airborne irritants will also soar as the atmospheric temperature rises. Lung diseases will also increase. Global warming is not only a portentous probability threatening to occur. Gleaned from its symptoms, it has already snuffed out thousands of life. Doctors and scientists have notice the rise in asthma and other respiratory cases among the young in inner cities with the increase of atmospheric temperature. The condition is believed to continue and get worse as carbon dioxide and the other gases become more concentrated in the air and the earth's climate gets warmer. Regions in Western Europe, which were stricken with heat waves, had longer and unusually warmer and dry weather. These regions included Switzerland, Italy and France."
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The Impact of Terrorism, 2008.
This paper explores the economic consequences of a terror attack in general and of 9/11 in particular.
4,208 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 17 sources, APA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the economic results of terrorism can be broken down into short-term direct effects; medium-term confidence consequences and longer-term productivity impacts. The paper reveals that the impact of 9/11 was not as considerable as would have been expected, but emphasizes that industries and organizations must implement measures to prepare for another such attack. The paper asserts that it is not a question 'if' there will be another attack, it is a question of 'when'.
From the Paper
"When a terrorism attack hits a country, such as September 11, 2001, naturally the citizens of that nation are most affected. They are the ones who are immediately impacted by the injuries and deaths of peers, friends and loved ones, the shut down of production and services, and the psychological and physical long-term effects. However, such an attack also impacts the rest of the world economically, either through the way that the national organizations have difficulty fulfilling their international obligations or the way that other countries perceive that they, too, are being threatened by these same terrorists."
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Letter from the Future, 2008.
Presents a fictitious letter home to a father from a son living in metropolitan New York City in the year 2027.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This creative paper writes as if it is the year 2027 and discusses issues of anti-terrorism, politics, education, environment and so many more topics, which are also currently of interest. The paper is in the form of a letter written from a son to his father and describes New York after WWIII. The paper writes about transportation after the war, laws put into effect as a result of the war, New York's appearance and the fact that Israel and Iran both no longer exist.
From the Paper
"It's almost ironic how much the current trend of family-shared Internet entertainment now plays such a similar role to that of radios in the home almost a full century ago. Kids have the choice of doing their own thing on their own connections, and when people get together in person, it's much more often to hang out at each other's homes than to actually go out anywhere the way people used to flock to clubs. Everybody still dates or they just "hook up" but mostly through their connections from home."
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"Who's Reading Over Your Shoulder?", 2008.
A critical analysis of Zara Gelsey's article "Who's Reading Over Your Shoulder?".
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Zara Gelsey carefully builds a clear link between watching over your shoulder activity and the Patriot Act in her article "Who's Reading Over Your Shoulder?" The paper discusses the Gelsey's dispassionate stance on the issue and how, although she has the same concerns as everyone else, she has presented them very objectively as to make the argument based more on logic than passion alone.
From the Paper
"Once the tone has been set, the author delves into the real purpose of the article. The Patriot Act is what the author wants to comment on. She carefully builds a clear link between watching over your shoulder activity and the Patriot Act. The reader is not asked to do the job of linking up since author has done that very well. But it is not exactly the Act itself that is the main issue; it is the activities that are undertaken due to this Act which seem to bother the author. And the main activity discussed in the article is FBI's access into a person's reading interests and activities."
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Abortion, 2008.
This paper argues that abortions are wrong in all cases and can never be justified.
1,791 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer makes the argument that abortion cannot be justified under any circumstances, as it is not only immoral, but also associated with a number of complications which are too often minimized. The paper includes a table of state laws in the US regarding abortion.
Outline:
Moral Issues of Abortion
Stillbirth versus Abortion
Complications of Abortion and Conclusions
Statistics
From the Paper
"Studies that directly examine the effects of these laws on sexual behavior and contraception use, find there is no significant reduction in sexual activity, or significantly show an increase in contraception use. Studies that use STD prevalence rates at state levels find no significant associations between STD rates and no public funding or parental involvement as a proxy for prevalence of risky sexual behavior. It appears that while the presence of abortion restrictions reduces the incidence of abortion, it has not led to substantial changes in sexual behavior or precautions against (unwanted) pregnancies."
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Understanding Terrorism, 2008.
An analysis of the failure of scholars to understand the causes of terrorism.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of terrorism. It looks at the factors that influence terrorism and the studies that have been done in an attempt to understand terrorism and its causes. The paper argues that there is an apparent failure in understanding terrorism which is largely due to the inability of any theoretical concept to comprehensibly embody the wide range of factors involved in any terrorist act.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Identification of the Facts
The Process Leading to their Case
Evaluation
Usefullness of Assumptions
From the Paper
"From the perspective mentioned above, a relevant question thus springs to mind. What is in fact the real nature of the legitimacy of these violent acts? The answer is hard to grasp because the points of view on the matter are, as mentioned in the beginning, antagonistic. The terrorists' stands underline their own legitimate right to rebel against a system of rules and norms, whether it is the political one, such as in the case of the ideological terrorism, the nationalistic values oppressing a minority, as in the case with the Tamils in Sri Lanka, or the religious framework of the Muslim belief which conflicts with the Judaic and Western beliefs, as in the case with terrorism sponsored by Iran. Still, from the point of view of the authorities involved, which are the targets of all terrorist activities, all these are illegitimate causes and demand counteractive measures. These conflicts however have a single quantitative measure, the number of civilian casualties. It is from this perspective that most terrorist attacks are evaluated. Therefore, from the point of view of the victims, neither action is legitimate enough, despite cases in which there is a certain degree of popular support for one of the sides. This eventual outcome therefore underlines the basic dilemma concerning the way in which such acts can actually be labeled: terrorism or fight for freedom. Research has been conducted and will be the focus of many political and strategic analyses in the future; however, it is important to continue to develop on such issues for an eventual result to actually be achieved."
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Driver's License to Illegal Immigrants, 2008.
This paper discusses the controversial issue of issuing illegal immigrants with a legal driving license and looks at Senate Bill 1160.
7,563 words (approx. 30.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 214.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there are more than 2.2 undocumented illegal immigrant drivers in California. The writer points out that they rallied with law enforcers, insurance companies and the religious sector in support of Senate Bill 1160 or the Immigrant Responsibility and Security Act. The writer explains that signed into law, this bill would allow undocumented immigrants to apply for a driver's license. The bill, authored by Senator Gil Cedillo, would allow illegal immigrants to secure a license by presenting a valid passport or identification issued by the consulate of the immigrant's country of origin. The writer discusses the arguments for and against such a bill. The writer mentions the belief that the bill would increase public safety, enhance a sense of responsibility and citizenship, and intensify homeland security by requiring applicants to undergo a criminal background check by the FBI against the terrorism watch list. The writer also explains that, according to surveys, 66% of non-Hispanic whites opposed the bill. This group believed that the bill would condone and encourage the violation of federal immigration law and induce and facilitate the commission of more crimes.
Outline:
Background Information
Deal or No Deal?
A Driver's License and the National Security
Action and Inaction
32% of Them in California
A Majority of Non-White Population in 2010
More Arguments For and Against
ITIN Issue and Other Issues in Kansas
Group Lobbies for Immigrant Rights in Kansas
Driving Permit for Utah Immigrants
Related Bills
Confusing and Self-Serving
What California Residents Feel
Other Group Reactions to the Grant of Drivers' Licenses
Sensenbrenner's Concessions
Standardizing Drivers' Licenses
For Tighter Measures ...
Asking for Just a Little Bit
The Case of Wisconsin
DMV Workers' License Scam
Hazmat Licenses
National Driver's License Draws Criticisms
Should or Shouldn't Illegal Aliens Be Issued Drivers' Licenses?
Arguments in Favor of Granting Drivers' Licenses to Illegal Aliens
Arguments Against
Suggested Solutions
From the Paper
"Cedillo claimed that he had an agreement with the Governor that the latter would help pass a new law with additional security features, but that there would be no identifying markers for illegal immigrants. The Governor denied making any agreement with Cedillo. Instead, he maintained that markers were necessary for homeland security and to prevent terrorists from using a license to open a back account or enroll in flight schools. The license bill supporters argued that banks and airlines already accept consular identification cards. Many law enforcement leaders also claimed that a driver's license would enable them to track down illegal immigrants and that this would tend to result in fewer uninsured drivers and hit-and-run accidents. Conservative Republicans, however, countered that illegal immigrants had violated the law and must, therefore, be punished for it, not rewarded. They had begun taking steps towards a constitutional amendment, which would prohibit the grant of driver's licenses to illegal residents. They also worked for support for this initiative from voters in the March 2006 elections. Likewise, they accused the Governor of double dealing by requiring a marker but trying to keep the sympathy of Latinos."
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