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Female Genital Mutilation, 2007.
This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation including its history and effects.
2,224 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that female genital mutilation (FGM), still common in parts of Africa, is condemned by most people as a serious violation of human rights and gender discrimination. The writer notes that some communities consider it a harmless cultural rite whose dangers are needlessly exaggerated by outsiders. This essay discusses the topic of FGM in detail by tracing its background and explaining different types of FGM. The writer looks at where and why it is currently practiced and discusses its physical and psychological effects. The writer also examines the alternate point of view that dismisses concerns about FGM as exaggerated and cultural arrogance.
Outline:
Background
Origin
FGM during Prophet Muhammad's lifetime
FGM in the West
Current Prevalence
Numbers
Countries where FGM is practiced
Types of FGM
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Physical Effects of FGM
Pain, infection
Genealogical Problems
Reduced sexual enjoyment
Psychological Effects of FGM
Negative effects
Positive effects
Why is FGM Performed?
Tradition & Gender Identity
Psychosexual Reason
Hygiene and Aesthetics
Religious Reasons
The Alternative View about FGM
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The psychological effects of FGM are much more difficult to investigate scientifically than its physical effects. The negative psychological effects could include feelings of trauma, anxiety, terror, humiliation, and betrayal that may lead to long-term behavioral characteristics such as docility, feelings of incompleteness, anxiety and depression. However, not all psychological effects of FGM are negative, particularly in places where the practice is part of the ancient culture of the people. In fact, in such societies, women who have not undergone the essential 'rite of initiation' may suffer from psychological problems due to fear of rejection by the society and feelings of inferiority. Those women who have undergone FGM experience feelings of empowerment and fulfillment."
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Walt Whitman, 2005.
A discussion regarding the work of Walt Whitman.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Walt Whitman's poetry containing ambiguous and bisexual references. The paper discusses how criticism of such references are silly and offensive in today's world. The paper further discusses how Whitman has virtually become a poster boy for the gay community because of his willingness to explore unconventional sexual identities and predilections.
From the Paper
"Whitman has nearly become a poster boy for the gay community because of his willingness to explore unconventional sexual identities and predilections. Not only in his poetry but in his personal life, Whitman did not avow heterosexuality as the only possible or acceptable means of love. His verse celebrates the essence of love and of human social contact. Whitman's views on friendship and romance were unrestrictive and the poet didn't buy into divisions based on gender, race, or class. Whitman was an abolitionist in pre-Civil War America, a labor advocate when the Industrial Revolution was just getting underway, and a proponent of the sexual revolution a century before it was acceptable, let alone "cool" to be gay."
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Gay Marriage, 2007.
An argumentative essay on the legality of gay marriages, based on Aristotelian thought.
1,347 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the issue of gay marriages from the three basic forms of reasoning established by Aristotle--ethos (emotional rationales), pathos (rationales based on moral authority), and logos (based on logical reasoning). The writer argues that all aspects of Aristotelian thought can be seen as rationally favoring the establishment of gay marriage as a civil right. The paper concludes that arguments in each of the three primary areas of Aristotle's rational thinking--emotional, moral authority, and logical--demonstrate the benefits to be gained and the moral coherence of such unions.
From the Paper
"The first of these is perhaps the most controversial, most frequently used, and yet least reasoned: an emotional appeal regarding the requisites for marriage in our society as "one man, one woman" or some similar catchphrase. The opposing arguments in this category center on the "sanctity of marriage" as a tradition that is ordained by a higher power (that is to say, higher than the government) as a sacred union between a man and a woman. Emotional appeals to preserve the traditional status of such unions revolve around this argument that the way things have "always" been; i.e., marriage between a man and a woman, ought to continue to be the way things are."
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Gay-Marriage, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of same-sex marriage.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at gay-marriage. The paper reports how some of the opponents believe that the right to marry should be given only to heterosexuals, as heterosexual couples are the only couples capable of raising a healthy family. The paper further discusses the pros and cons of same-sex marriage as well as the nature of laws regarding same-sex marriage and whether such laws should be state or federal in nature.
From the Paper
"The opponents also believe that the right to marry should be given only to heterosexuals, as heterosexual couples are the only couples capable of raising a healthy family. They also argue that the gay marriage issue, if decided in the favor of the gay marriage proponents, will lead to even greater social degradation and acceptance of what they believe is an abominable life style, against nature and god. (Bentley 17) More moderate opponents believe that civil unions are appropriate to give gay couples all the rights and privileges of marriage without it infringing on the rights of heterosexuals and the culture.
The two apposing views of same-sex marriage are often seen as vocal minorities, as apposed to majorities of any whole. "
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
A research proposal on sexual harassment, and whether women report incidents of harassment more than men.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates the differences between men and women as it relates to sexual harassment. The literature indicates that there are definite differences related to the reporting of sexual harassment as it relates to men and women. The literature suggests that the perceptions of gender roles play a major part in determining whether or not victims (male or female) report sexual harassment. The paper examines how women who report harassment are often viewed as troublemakers and men who report harassment are viewed as effeminate.
Outline:
Chapter I: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Uniqueness of Study
Delimitations of the study
Chapter II: Literature Review
History and Definition of Sexual Harassment
Reporting Sexual Harassment
Differences In Men And Women Reporting Sexual Harassment
Chapter III: Theoretical Framework
Chapter IV: Methodology
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Sexual Harassment has long been associated with poor work performance and poor academic performance. The impact that sexual harassment has on its victims can be monumental. This is why reporting sexual harassment is so important. Over the years there has been a great deal of research conducted related to the factors that influence a person's decision to report sexual harassment. Most of this existing literature is related specifically to the factors that influence a women's decision to report sexual harassment. However in recent years there has been an increase in the number of men that report sexual harassment."
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The 'Buddy Picture' Genre, 2006.
A look at the homosexual and the homosocial relationships in the film genre of the 'buddy picture'.
2,082 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how according to Michael Davis, American popular culture has always reflected a common "insecurity" about masculinity "at the global and local level." The paper further discusses how the films "Brokeback Mountain" and "High Fidelity," reflect this anxiety. The paper classifies both these films as 'buddy films'.
From the Paper
"In classifying both of these films as "buddy film" genres, it is important to remember exactly what a film genre is constituted by--film genres are usually defined by various formulaic structures (such as the outsider nature of the protagonists, alone tending sheep on a mountain, or alone in their superior musical tastes in a bubble-gum pop music listening world) and identifiable types of characters (such as the inarticulate man, the boisterous 'kid') who behave in recognizable patterns. Genres also have standard relationships, such as male bonding in active friendships forged over saving the world or saving music. Genres also often make use of various forms of syntax, such as the frequent joking typical of buddy films that conceal real emotion, rather than displays emotion, unlike the language deployed between men and women. Also, genres deploy similar filmic techniques such as the buddy film's use of communication through action, and make use of conventions, such as the use of the road or a physical problem as a medium for getting to know one another (Dirk, 2006) "
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Gender Differences, 2006.
A look at the differences between boys and girls in the classroom setting.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of treating boys and girls equally in the classroom. The paper reports that no significant differences were found in terms of their successes and failures. The paper goes on to discuss however, how boys and girls behave differently within the classroom.
From the Paper
"Voyles and Williams (2005) studied how fourth- through sixth-grade students in a technology course who were learning how to build and computer program Lego robots perceived their accomplishments. The authors found no significant differences in the girls' and boys' estimations of their day-to-day achievement or in attributions for their successes or failures. However, the girls' and boys' behavior during the course was significantly different from one another. The girls asked the teachers more questions and made fewer self-positive statements. They concluded that teachers need to be aware of such differences in gender and take them into consideration during their instruction."
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Hispanic Assimilation, 2007.
A discussion on how Hispanic women are less likely to learn English and assimilate into American culture than Hispanic men.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how one of the central myths about Hispanic or Latino people in America is that they do not want to learn or speak English. The paper details how this myth has been disproved in many studies and statistical analyses. The paper explores how there is tension between the need and desire for assimilation and acceptance and the simultaneous pull towards the retention of culture and language; and the fear of loss of identity through the process of assimilation. The paper concludes that there is a gradual process of assimilation which is taking place among Hispanic women. However, there is also the pull towards cultural traditions, which has resulted in fewer Hispanic women than men learning English and assimilating into American culture.
From the Paper
"This also points to the fact that there will a strong tendency to retain cultural language and traditions among many of the Hispanic immigrants. Furthermore, In the U.S., more than 28 million people speak Spanish at home, and about half of these people speak English less than "very well." (Rodriguez, L.) The following is an excerpt from an interview with a Hispanic woman. From a report entitled Hispanic Trends, this interview serves to illustrate the important part that language plays in the retention of culture."
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Gender Identity, 2007.
An analysis of the impact on individuals of labeling gender identity within society.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses gender identity and the way that the need to classify, label and categorize gender identity has polarized the push toward civil rights for all genderqueers. It discusses the impact of the pressure to conform to gender roles and expectations that come from early childhood. It concludes by discussing society's view of those that it attempts to categorize into specific gender identities and the need for more flexible ways to consider gender and sexuality.
From the Paper
"One of the most salient points that Wilchins raises in Queer Theory, Gender Theory is that gender seems to have become even more polarized since the LGBT movement has gained momentum. Yet neither Wilchins nor one of the authors who contributed to Genderqueer can aptly explain why gender cuts so deeply to the core of human identity and why the "ick factor" exists to begin with. The authors do explain that eliminating the "ick factor" depends on a wholesale paradigm shift beginning with language and discourse and gradually affecting media manifestations, education, and political policy changes. For example, butch women should no longer be labeled as "freaks," whether they are gay or straight. A woman who chooses to slip back and forth between butch and femme roles need not fear the repercussions of her style of dress, and a man who does the same would also be able to express his gender without having to label himself or describe his sexual preferences."
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, 2007.
An analysis of the conditions associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the arguments surrounding surgical intervention.
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). It begins by defining CAH and describing the developmental and physical conditions that are associated with the disorder. The paper then describes possible surgical interventions to correct any abnormalities and discusses the arguments for and against such procedures from a legal, ethical and social perspective.
Table of Contents:
Physical and Developmental
Medical and Surgical
Legal
Social, Psychological, Counseling
Ethical
From the Paper
"Some sectors have severely objected to reshaping the genitals of underage children and the ethics of genital surgery, calling it mutilation rather than mere circumcision, repair or corrective surgery (Glass 2004). They deplored all genital cutting of children, regardless of gender, religion and local custom and urged that the rights of women and intersex people be protected. It was not just the ethics but the effectiveness of the surgical procedure, which has been questioned. Little data could neither support the adequacy of such a procedure, according to Dr. Cathy Minto of the University College London Hospitals (Johnson 2001). Her team studied 44 teen girls who underwent reconstructive genital surgery in childhood and found that 43 required further intervention for function or cosmetic purposes. Since the late 70s, female CAH infants have been subjected to surgery to feminize them by reducing the size of their clitoris in order to normalize the appearance of their genitalia. Dr. Sarah Creighton, a gynecologist consultant at the hospital questioned the need for the surgery before puberty when small girls do not use vaginas. She believed that clitoral surgery should be postponed when the girl is older and can think about the issue herself (Johnson). As things stood, clitoral surgery deprived the patient of the capacity for orgasm."
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The Romantic Male, 2007.
An analysis of the concept of the romantic male as portrayed in the media.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of the romantic male from various perspectives. It presents different definitions and descriptions of male personality and behavior, in terms of their masculinity and romanticism. However, more than just looking into romanticism and masculinity as concepts relevant to the concept of the romantic male, this paper also assesses romantic males as portrayed and interpreted in films.
From the Paper
"The second typology is the "hero" or "warrior" male, most popularly depicted in films and literary texts. The warrior/hero is the male individual who is "physically and socially competent." The warrior/hero is physically tall, muscular, handsome, strong, large, tanned, masculine, and energetic, while socially, he is "sexually bold, calm, confident, and intelligent...no hero was described as being a gentle, sensitive fellow (except with respect to his feelings for and actions toward the heroine)" (Salmon and Symons, 2004). The warrior/hero is considered the romantic male because he is able to "transform" or shift his characteristics in accordance to the person he relates to: he becomes strong and brave when antagonism or conflict is present, and becomes sensitive and gentle when faced with a female individual (Jones, 2006). This character shift makes the female feel special, thus connoting the male's intention to ensure relational longevity between him and the female."
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Grip Strength, 2007.
An experiment analyzing the relationship between grip strength and gender.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an experiment that was done in order to test the relationship between grip strength and gender. The paper presents the methods used to do the experiment and the results and concludes with a discussion on the results obtained. The paper concludes that while the results indicate greater grip strength among males than among females, they do not form a conclusive case against the suitability of females for physically demanding situations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"General knowledge suggests that the average male grip strength is greater than the average female grip strength. When visitors to AnswerBag.com, a popular Q&A site, were asked the question, "are men stronger than women?" each of the six responses indicated a belief that men are stronger (Kovaciny). This was used as a hypothesis: If fourteen subjects consisting of both genders equally represented and of a similar or equivalent average age, then those subjects of the male gender will have demonstrably greater grip strength."
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The Beijing Opera, 2006.
This paper analyzes the male projection of femininity in the Beijing Opera.
3,700 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 154.95
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Abstract
This paper emphasizes that the style of China's national theater called the Beijing opera is importance to its culture. The author points out that the use of male actors to portray female characters and females portraying male actors are truly ancient in China, although the practice did not become primarily exclusive until the early 19th century. The paper relates that, although Beijing opera has been heavily influenced by royal prerogative in the past and the desires of the Chinese people more recently, the reverse gender playing the role in traditional Chinese drama has no restriction on the sex and age of its performers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Historic Influences on the Use of Male Actors for Female Roles in Beijing Opera
Contemporary Influences on the Use of Male Actors for Female Roles in Beijing Opera
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Likewise, the distinctive Beijing opera walking styles of the dan (female roles) and sheng are clearly recognizable in other traditional forms, just as are the stylized hand and eye movements of the huadan. Although some localized forms of theater have not include certain role types (the jing being the role type most frequently excluded), the walk, posture, and gestures techniques used for every other role type traditionally included in each form and can be recognized by modern Chinese audiences without fail as belonging to that role type throughout the various forms of traditional Chinese theater."
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Prostitution, 2007.
Examines the history and legality of the oldest profession in the world.
1,241 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of prostitution. The writer explores the history of the profession and describes the different types of prostitutes and the services that they provide. The writer then presents both sides of the legality argument.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Today
Levels
The Argument
Conclusion
From the Paper
"High priced prostitutes generally obtain college degrees, speak several languages and are hired through a pimp called a recruiter. He is connected to high end corporations that will call him and tell him they want a particularly lucrative client to be happy. The prostitute will accompany said client on cruises or trips, is extremely presentable at dinner parties, social gatherings and of course is willing to service the client in the bedroom."
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Gay Marriage from a Sociological Perspective, 2006.
A discussion on gay marriage issues from a sociological perspective.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of gay marriage. Specifically it discusses the sociological perspective that marriage is the union of two sexes, not just the union of two people. According to the paper, it is the union of two families, and the foundation for establishing kinship patterns and family names, passing on property and providing the optimal environment for raising children.
From the Paper
"Many feel the acceptance of gay marriage is an extension of growing tolerance in our society, and a sign that society is becoming more liberal and more unified. However, not all of society accepts gay marriage, and this could be a sign there is a growing rift between two factions in society - the conservative and liberal. This could indicate that society is becoming less unified and more split over controversial issues such as the issue of gay marriage. As another writer notes, "Therefore, someone who moves off the sanctioned paths is doing something much more than just acting immorally; he is rejecting the goals of the society in which he lives" (Bidstrup). This threatens the foundation of society and society members, and of course, that is one reason many in society find the issue of gay marriage so troubling. Rather than showing society is becoming more unified, the issue shows society is becoming more fractioned and unstable."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2006.
This paper supports same-sex marriages.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the hypocrisy of several laws, the standing of many blacks and the Roman Catholic Church, which oppose same-sex marriage. The author points out the position that it is hypocritical for groups that have had to fight long and hard to win their own constitutional rights to turn around and deny them to the next group. The paper stress that the acts of Roman Catholic priests turned pedophiles are morally unacceptable; the acts of adult gays and lesbians who love their partners are, on the contrary, morally very acceptable even though the Catholic bishops oppose same-sex marriage. The paper includes many quotations.
From the Paper
"So, the point is, what the Bible said many centuries ago cannot be considered as relevant today, since slavery is no longer tolerated; one more example from John Nichols points to Exodus 35:2 which "clearly states" that those working on the Sabbath "should be put to death." Can you imaging, for example, to carry Dr. Laura Schlessinger's references a little further, all the NFL players who have games on Sunday (today's "Sabbath") being lined up and shot in a firing squad for "working" on the Sabbath? Of course, it's absurd, and the point is well made."
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